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Helminthologia Dec 2022is a prevalent intestinal nematode. The objective of the research was to study enterobiasis prevalence in symptomatic children <15 years of age attending community...
is a prevalent intestinal nematode. The objective of the research was to study enterobiasis prevalence in symptomatic children <15 years of age attending community health center in North - Western part of Slovenia in years 2017 - 2022. Perianal tape tests were performed on three consecutive days. The overall prevalence was 34.2 % (296 out of 864 children included). The mean age of children positive for was 5.77 (95 % CI: 5.51 - 6.04) and 4.74 (95 % CI: 4.54 - 4.95), p<0.001 for children with negative test results. The positivity rate was not significantly different for boys compared to girls (boys 37.0 %, 95 % CI: 32.4 % - 41.8 %, girls 31.8 %, 95 % CI: 27.6 % - 36.2 %, p=0.107). The number of boys with all three samples positive in a sample set was higher compared to girls (p - value 0.002). Family size affected the positivity rate - the mean number of siblings was higher in positive children. Significant association with infection was proven by the presence of anal pruritus and absence of abdominal discomfort. High warrants careful monitoring of trends and public health response. It is necessary to encourage the use of hygiene measures in schools and empower parents to recognize enterobiasis timely.
PubMed: 36875684
DOI: 10.2478/helm-2022-0040 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Apr 2019
Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Appendicitis; Appendix; Child; Enterobiasis; Enterobius; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Male
PubMed: 31036611
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.181194 -
Gut Sep 1994
Topics: Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Enterobiasis; Enterobius; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Male; United Kingdom
PubMed: 7959218
DOI: 10.1136/gut.35.9.1159 -
International Reviews of Immunology 2014Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Although the etiology of MS is unknown, genetic and... (Review)
Review
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Although the etiology of MS is unknown, genetic and environmental factors play a role. Infectious pathogens are the likely environmental factors involved in the development of MS. Pathogens associated with the development or exacerbation of MS include bacteria, such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae, the Staphylococcus aureus-produced enterotoxins that function as superantigens, viruses of the herpes virus (Epstein-Barr virus and human herpesvirus 6) and human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) families and the protozoa Acanthamoeba castellanii. Evidence, from studies with humans and animal models, supporting the association of these various pathogens with the development and/or exacerbation of MS will be discussed along with the potential mechanisms including molecular mimicry, epitope spreading and bystander activation. In contrast, infection with certain parasites such as helminthes (Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica, Hymenolepis nana, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercolaris, Enterobius vermicularis) appears to protect against the development or exacerbation of MS. Evidence supporting the ability of parasitic infections to protect against disease will be discussed along with a brief summary of a recent Phase I clinical trial testing the ability of Trichuris suis ova treatment to improve the clinical course of MS. A complex interaction between the CNS (including the blood-brain barrier), multiple infections with various infectious agents (occurring in the periphery or within the CNS), and the immune response to those various infections may have to be deciphered before the etiology of MS can be fully understood.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; Disease Models, Animal; Gene-Environment Interaction; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunity; Infections; Molecular Mimicry; Multiple Sclerosis; Trichuris
PubMed: 24266364
DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.823422 -
Helminthologia Dec 2022usually causes trivial infections in the juvenile population. However, its extragenital presentation in adults is relatively rare. We present the case of a 64-year-old...
usually causes trivial infections in the juvenile population. However, its extragenital presentation in adults is relatively rare. We present the case of a 64-year-old female suffering from poorly controlled diabetes and lower abdominal pain. CT scan showed a large tumorous expansion of the lower abdomen, mimicking malignancy. Perioperative findings revealed a large adnexal tumor adhering to the rectum. In addition, the histological examination uncovered a mixed inflammatory infiltrate with multiple surrounding eggs of the parasite and granulomatous reaction in the left fallopian tube and left ovarian cortex. As reported in our article, the rare ectopic sites of in postmenopause may become a diagnostic challenge.
PubMed: 36875679
DOI: 10.2478/helm-2022-0037 -
Infection, Genetics and Evolution :... Jan 2023Human infection with Enterobius vermicularis occurs worldwide, particularly in children. The role of E. vermicularis in appendicitis is neglected. This study was...
Human infection with Enterobius vermicularis occurs worldwide, particularly in children. The role of E. vermicularis in appendicitis is neglected. This study was designed to investigate genotypes of E. vermicularis detected from appendectomy specimens in the human population from Iran and clarify the intra-species variation of the parasite. Seventy appendectomies for acute clinical appendicitis isolates from Azerbaijan and North Khorasan of Iran were used in the present study. The genetic information of Tehran and Hamedan regions was also obtained from GenBank for comparison and analysis. The nucleotide sequence of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene was analyzed to perform genetic differentiation, haplotype network analysis, and population structure. Phylogenetic analysis of all the isolates were included in type B haplogroup. The number of haplotypes in all geographical locations of Iran is not much. Network analysis of sequences for regions such as Thailand, Iran, Denmark, and Poland show three classified subtypes B1, B2, and B3 in the B haplogroup. It seems that the haplotypes of E. vermicularis detected from appendectomy are B type, and divided into three subtypes. Further research using another genetic marker is required to elucidate the genetic variation of the parasites in detail.
Topics: Child; Animals; Humans; Appendectomy; Appendicitis; Appendix; Phylogeny; Enterobiasis; Iran; Retrospective Studies; Enterobius; Acute Disease; Parasites
PubMed: 36494066
DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105391 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Sep 2017Previous studies on the association of enterobiasis and chronic inflammatory diseases have revealed contradictory results. The interaction of Enterobius vermicularis...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies on the association of enterobiasis and chronic inflammatory diseases have revealed contradictory results. The interaction of Enterobius vermicularis infection in particular with gut microbiota and induced immune responses has never been thoroughly examined.
METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS
In order to answer the question of whether exposure to pinworm and mebendazole can shift the intestinal microbial composition and immune responses, we recruited 109 (30 pinworm-negative, 79 pinworm-infected) first and fourth grade primary school children in Taichung, Taiwan, for a gut microbiome study and an intestinal cytokine and SIgA analysis. In the pinworm-infected individuals, fecal samples were collected again at 2 weeks after administration of 100 mg mebendazole. Gut microbiota diversity increased after Enterobius infection, and it peaked after administration of mebendazole. At the phylum level, pinworm infection and mebendazole deworming were associated with a decreased relative abundance of Fusobacteria and an increased proportion of Actinobacteria. At the genus level, the relative abundance of the probiotic Bifidobacterium increased after enterobiasis and mebendazole treatment. The intestinal SIgA level was found to be lower in the pinworm-infected group, and was elevated in half of the mebendazole-treated group. A higher proportion of pre-treatment Salmonella spp. was associated with a non-increase in SIgA after mebendazole deworming treatment.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
Childhood exposure to pinworm plus mebendazole is associated with increased bacterial diversity, an increased abundance of Actinobacteria including the probiotic Bifidobacterium, and a decreased proportion of Fusobacteria. The gut SIgA level was lower in the pinworm-infected group, and was increased in half of the individuals after mebendazole deworming treatment.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium; Child; Child, Preschool; Computational Biology; Cytokines; Enterobiasis; Enterobius; Feces; Female; Fusobacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Immunity; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; Intestines; Male; Mebendazole; Salmonella; Taiwan
PubMed: 28945752
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005963 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Feb 1982Pinworm infestation (enterobiasis, syn. oxyuriasis), though not usually dangerous, remains one of the commonest parasitic infections seen by the family physician....
Pinworm infestation (enterobiasis, syn. oxyuriasis), though not usually dangerous, remains one of the commonest parasitic infections seen by the family physician. Particularly prevalent in the pediatric age group, pinworms also infect adults; in both groups the commonest symptom is pruritus ani. Detailed descriptions of history, life cycle, and epidemiology are given. In addition to hygienic measures useful in treatment, the particulars of drug therapy are also outlined.
PubMed: 21286054
DOI: No ID Found -
Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi Jun 2021This study aimed to determine the frequency of in appendectomy specimens and evaluate the histopathological characteristics of adult and pediatric cases with infection.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine the frequency of in appendectomy specimens and evaluate the histopathological characteristics of adult and pediatric cases with infection.
METHODS
Appendectomies examined from 1 January 2010, to 1 December 2020, were analysed retrospectively. Cases were divided into two groups: under 18 years (children) and 18 and over (adults). Demographic and histopathological characteristics of patients were also examined.
RESULTS
Out of 14.797 patients that underwent appendectomy, 6.130 were children and 8.667 were adults. s was detected in 268 patients, wherein 64.2% were children and 35.8% were adults. In the detection of in appendectomy specimens, the frequency was higher in children compared to that in adults (2.85%, 1.1%, respectively) (p<0.001). Histopathologically, acute appendicitis was defined in 31.7% (n=85) of 268 cases, and was found to cause a higher rate of acute appendicitis in adults (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION
The frequency of in appendectomy specimens is higher in children. However, causes acute appendicitis more frequently in adults.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Appendectomy; Appendicitis; Appendix; Child; Enterobiasis; Enterobius; Female; Humans; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34103287
DOI: 10.4274/tpd.galenos.2021.7296 -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Dec 1999Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group or the lineage of organisms and is reconstructed based on morphological, molecular and other characteristics. The... (Review)
Review
Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group or the lineage of organisms and is reconstructed based on morphological, molecular and other characteristics. The genealogical relationship of a group of taxa is often expressed as a phylogenetic tree. The difficulty in categorizing the phylogeny is mainly due to the existence of frequent homoplasies that deceive observers. At the present time, cladistic analysis is believed to be one of the most effective methods of reconstructing a phylogenetic tree. Excellent computer program software for phylogenetic analysis is available. As an example, cladistic analysis was applied for nematode genera of the family Acuariidae, and the phylogenetic tree formed was compared with the system used currently. Nematodes in the genera Nippostrongylus and Heligmonoides were also analyzed, and the validity of the reconstructed phylogenetic trees was observed from a zoogeographical point of view. Some of the theories of parasite evolution were briefly reviewed as well. Coevolution of parasites and humans was discussed with special reference to the evolutionary relationship between Enterobius and primates.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Geography; Heligmosomatoidea; Host-Parasite Interactions; Nematoda; Nippostrongylus; Phylogeny
PubMed: 10634036
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.1999.37.4.197