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Archives of Razi Institute Sep 2018Enterococci are Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of the mammals and birds. These cocci are isolated from urinary...
Enterococci are Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of the mammals and birds. These cocci are isolated from urinary tract infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, and burn wounds in humans. The evolution of antibiotic-resistant enterococci raised a problem due to the possibility of the transmission of these organisms between poultry and human. Regarding this, the present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Enterococcus species among companion birds and poultry in the Northeastern of Iran and determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of enterococci. To this end, oral and cloacal swabs were collected from 150 caged birds. Antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined using the standard disk diffusion method. The results revealed that out of 150 samples, 56 (37.33%) cases contained enterococci. Most of the specimens (25.33%) were Enterococcus faecalis isolated from 6.66% of the samples. Additionally, 2.66% and 1.33% of the samples were contaminated with Enterococcus mundtii and Enterococcus gallinarum, respectively. Furthermore, Enterococcus malodoratus and Enterococcus raffinosus were isolated from 0.66% of the samples. The results revealed that all of the isolates of E. faecalis and E. faecium were resistant to more than five antimicrobial agents. Most of E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates showed resistance to Cefazolin, Tiamulin, Flumequine, and Cephalexin. Accordingly, the majority of the isolates had multidrug resistance to the tested antibiotics. In conclusion, the presence of multidrug-resistant enterococci in the birds living close to humans requires thorough observations due to the transmission of these organisms to humans.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bird Diseases; Birds; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Enterococcus; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Iran; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pets; Poultry; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 30280840
DOI: 10.22092/ari.2017.108332.1089 -
Journal of Natural Products Dec 2021Five new cyclohexene derivatives, dipandensin A and B ( and ) and pandensenols A-C (-), and 16 known secondary metabolites (-) were isolated from the methanol-soluble...
Five new cyclohexene derivatives, dipandensin A and B ( and ) and pandensenols A-C (-), and 16 known secondary metabolites (-) were isolated from the methanol-soluble extracts of the stem and root barks of . The structures were characterized by NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses, and that of 6-methoxyzeylenol () was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, which also established its absolute configuration. The isolated metabolites were evaluated for antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria and and the Gram-negative bacteria , , , , and , as well as for cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. A mixture of uvaretin () and isouvaretin () exhibited significant antibacterial activity against (EC 8.7 μM) and (IC 7.9 μM). (8'α,9'β-Dihydroxy)-3-farnesylindole () showed strong inhibitory activity (EC 9.8 μM) against , comparable to the clinical reference ampicillin (EC 17.9 μM). None of the compounds showed relevant cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line.
Topics: Crystallography, X-Ray; Cyclohexenes; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oxygen; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Plant Stems; Uvaria
PubMed: 34802242
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00811 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Nov 2000Data from four recent studies (S. H. Goh et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:2164-2166, 1998; S. H. Goh et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:818-823, 1996; S. H. Goh et al., J....
Identification of Enterococcus species and phenotypically similar Lactococcus and Vagococcus species by reverse checkerboard hybridization to chaperonin 60 gene sequences.
Data from four recent studies (S. H. Goh et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:2164-2166, 1998; S. H. Goh et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:818-823, 1996; S. H. Goh et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:3116-3121, 1997; A. Y. C. Kwok et al., Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 49:1181-1192, 1999) suggest that an approximately 600-bp region of the chaperonin 60 (Cpn60) gene, amplified by PCR with a single pair of degenerate primers, has utility as a potentially universal target for bacterial identification (ID). This Cpn60 gene ID method correctly identified isolates representative of numerous staphylococcal species and Streptococcus iniae, a human and animal pathogen. We report herein that this method enabled us to distinguish clearly between 17 Enterococcus species (Enterococcus asini, Enterococcus rattus, Enterococcus dispar, Enterococcus gallinarum, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus durans, Enterococcus cecorum, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus mundtii, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus malodoratus, Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus pseudoavium, Enterococcus new sp. strain Facklam, and Enterococcus saccharolyticus), and Vagococcus fluvialis, Lactococcus lactis, and Lactococcus garvieae. From 123 blind-tested samples, only two discrepancies were observed between the Facklam and Collins phenotyping method (R. R. Facklam and M. D. Collins, J. Clin. Microbiol. 27:731-734, 1989) and the Cpn60 ID method. In each case, the discrepancies were resolved in favor of the Cpn60 ID method. The species distributions of the 123 blind-tested isolates were Enterococcus new sp. strain Facklam (ATCC 700913), 3; E. asini, 1; E. rattus, 4; E. dispar, 2; E. gallinarum, 20; E. hirae, 9; E. durans, 9; E. faecalis, 12; E. mundtii, 3; E. casseliflavus, 8; E. faecium, 25; E. malodoratus, 3; E. raffinosus, 8; E. avium, 4; E. pseudoavium, 1; an unknown Enterococcus clinical isolate, sp. strain R871; Vagococcus fluvialis, 4; Lactococcus garvieae, 3; Lactococcus lactis, 3; Leuconostoc sp., 1; and Pediococcus sp., 1. The Cpn60 gene ID method, coupled with reverse checkerboard hybridization, is an effective method for the identification of Enterococcus and related organisms.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Chaperonin 60; Enterococcus; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Cocci; Humans; Lactococcus; Luminescent Measurements; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 11060051
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.38.11.3953-3959.2000 -
Folia Microbiologica Dec 2022The study aimed to identify colonized patients as a possible source of eventual VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) infection from stool samples positive for...
The study aimed to identify colonized patients as a possible source of eventual VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococci) infection from stool samples positive for glutamate dehydrogenase antigen, as well as for Clostridioides difficile toxins A and B. The study was carried out from 7/2020 to 9/2021. Stool samples were grown in a brain heart infusion medium with a gram-positive non-spore-forming bacteria supplement under aerobic conditions. The samples for VRE identification were grown on CHROMID VRE agar, and the MICs for vancomycin and teicoplanin were also estimated. The presence of the vanA/vanB genes was tested using the PCR method. The total number of 113 stool samples positive for Clostridioides difficile toxins was analyzed. Of these samples, 44 isolates with VRE characters were identified. The most prevalent isolates in our set of isolates were Enterococcus faecium (27 isolates, 62%), Enterococcus faecalis (9 isolates, 21%), Enterococcus solitarius (4 isolates, 9%), Enterococcus durans (2 isolates, 4%), 1 isolate Enterococcus sulfurous (2%), and Enterococcus raffinosus (2%). In total, 26 isolates were detected in the study in the presence of vanA genes (24 isolates E. faecium, 2 isolates E. faecalis) and 18 isolates detected in the presence of vanB genes (7 isolates E. faecalis, 4 isolates E. solitarius, 3 isolates E. faecium, 2 isolates E. durans, 1 isolate E. sulfurous, and E. raffinosus). The results of this study showed the local dominance character of the vanA gene of hospital VRE isolates that were carriers of genes associated with high resistance to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and occasionally linezolid.
Topics: Humans; Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci; Vancomycin; Clostridioides difficile; Teicoplanin; Slovakia; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Enterococcus faecium; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins
PubMed: 35997873
DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-01002-2 -
Investigative and Clinical Urology May 2018Prostate calcifications are a common finding during transrectal prostate ultrasound in both healthy subjects and patients, but their etiopathogenesis and clinical...
PURPOSE
Prostate calcifications are a common finding during transrectal prostate ultrasound in both healthy subjects and patients, but their etiopathogenesis and clinical significance are not fully understood. We aimed to establish a new methodology for evaluating the role of microbial biofilms in the genesis of prostate calcifications.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ten consecutive patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy were enrolled in this study. All of the patients presented with prostate calcifications during transrectal ultrasound evaluation before surgery and underwent Meares-Stamey tests and clinical evaluation with the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index and the International Prostate Symptom Score. At the time of radical prostatectomy, the prostate specimen, after removal, was analyzed with ultrasonography under sterile conditions in the operating room. Core biopsy specimens were taken from the site of prostate calcification and subjected to ultrastructural and microbiological analysis.
RESULTS
The results of the Meares-Stamey test showed only 1 of 10 patients (10%) with positive cultures for . Two of five patients (40%) had positive cultures from prostate biopsy specimens. , , and were isolated. Ultrastructural analysis of the prostate biopsy specimens showed prostate calcifications in 6 of 10 patients (60%), and a structured microbial biofilm in 1 patient who had positive cultures for and .
CONCLUSIONS
Although the findings are supported by a low number of patients, this study highlights the validity of the proposed methodology for investigating the role of bacterial biofilms in the genesis of prostate calcification.
Topics: Aged; Bacteriological Techniques; Biofilms; Biopsy; Calcinosis; Citrobacter freundii; Enterococcus faecalis; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Electrochemical, Scanning; Middle Aged; Prostate; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Diseases; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 29744476
DOI: 10.4111/icu.2018.59.3.187 -
European Journal of Microbiology &... May 2024Over the past decade, enterococcal bloodstream infection (BSI) shows increasing incidence globally among the elderly and in patients with comorbidities. In this study,...
Characteristics of Enterococcus species bloodstream infections among adults with and without onco-hematological malignancies: Experiences from the national center of Hungary.
INTRODUCTION
Over the past decade, enterococcal bloodstream infection (BSI) shows increasing incidence globally among the elderly and in patients with comorbidities. In this study, we aimed to assess microbiological and clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of BSIs caused by Enterococcus spp. in adult patients with and without active onco-hematological malignancies hospitalized at a national referral institute.
METHODS
A prospective analysis of consecutive enterococcal BSI cases was conducted in the National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases (Budapest, Hungary) between December 2019 and April 2022. We compared characteristics and outcomes at 30-days and 1 year after diagnosis among patients with and without onco-hematological malignancies.
RESULTS
In total, 141 patients were included (median age 68 ± 21 years, female sex 36.9%), 37% (52/141) had active onco-hematological malignancies. The distribution of species was as follows: 50.4% Enterococcus faecalis, 46.1% Enterococcus faecium, 1.4% Enterococcus avium and Enterococcus gallinarum, and 0.7% Enterococcus raffinosus. No statistically significant differences in all-cause mortality rates were observed between patient subgroups at 30 days (32.7 vs. 28.1%; P = 0.57) and 1 year (75.0 vs. 60.7%; P = 0.09).
CONCLUSION
Enterococcal bloodstream infections yielded a relevant burden of morbidity, but with no statistical difference in long-term outcomes of adult patients with and without active onco-hematological malignancies.
PubMed: 38536399
DOI: 10.1556/1886.2024.00011 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Nov 2006
Topics: Aged; Bacterial Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; Diabetic Foot; Enterococcus; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Hybridization, Genetic; Male; Peptide Synthases; Vancomycin Resistance
PubMed: 17000737
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00607-06 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 1997Accurate species identification of enterococci has become important with the wide prevalence of acquired vancomycin resistance and the presence of less epidemiologically...
Accurate species identification of enterococci has become important with the wide prevalence of acquired vancomycin resistance and the presence of less epidemiologically important, inherently vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Using a collection of enterococcal strains, we found that PCR amplification of the intergenic spacer (ITS-PCR) between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes can produce amplicon profiles characteristic of the enterococcus examined. The species examined were group I enterococci (Enterococcus avium, Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus malodoratus, and Enterococcus pseudoavium), group II enterococci (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus casseliflavus, Enterococcus mundtii, and Enterococcus gallinarum), and group III enterococci (Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus hirae). The enterococcal species in group I, as well as E. faecalis and two strains of E. hirae, were similar and therefore had to be differentiated from each other by Sau3A restriction digests. This produced patterns characteristic of each of these species. The remaining group II and group III enterococcal species produced amplicons characteristic of a particular species except E. gallinarum. The PCR products from E. gallinarum displayed strain-to-strain heterogeneity in the number and size of amplicons. To further test the utility of this technique, 11 phenotypically aberrant strains which had been assigned species identification based on Facklam and Collins-type strain reactions (R.R. Facklam and M.D. Collins, J. Clin. Microbiol. 27:731-734, 1989) were subjected to ITS-PCR. ITS-PCR of the phenotypically aberrant strains identified six strains with reactions consistent with those of type strains. However, five strains were characterized as follows: two strains originally identified as E. mundtii were identified by ITS-PCR as E. casseliflavus, one strain originally identified as E. raffinosus was identified by ITS-PCR as E. durans, one strain originally identified as E. hirae was identified by ITS-PCR as E. faecium [corrected]. We conclude that amplification of the intergenic 23S and 16S rRNA gene regions of enterococci provides a reliable technique for species identification of enterococci.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Enterococcus; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 9114380
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.5.1054-1060.1997 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Sep 2021Linezolid is an important last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of multidrug-resistant enterococci. The aim of this study was to further characterize the genetic...
Linezolid is an important last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of multidrug-resistant enterococci. The aim of this study was to further characterize the genetic context of and in 10 florfenicol-resistant enterococci isolated from flowing surface water. In most genomes, and were embedded in transposition units integrated into plasmids or into the chromosomal . For the first time, a chromosomally integrated in an Enterococcus raffinosus isolate is described.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Enterococcus; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterococcus faecium; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Switzerland; Thiamphenicol; Water
PubMed: 34252296
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01083-21 -
Genome Announcements Nov 2013The complete genome sequence of Enterococcus raffinosus strain CFTRI 2200, isolated from the fecal material of a 7-month-old infant, is reported. The complete genome...
The complete genome sequence of Enterococcus raffinosus strain CFTRI 2200, isolated from the fecal material of a 7-month-old infant, is reported. The complete genome consists of 4.237 Mbp with a G+C content of 39.47% and 4,242 protein-coding genes, 54 tRNAs, and 46 rRNAs.
PubMed: 24201206
DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.00932-13