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Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2006The study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of omeprazole powder in sterile water, administered intravenously, on gastric juice pH in adult horses with naturally...
The study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of omeprazole powder in sterile water, administered intravenously, on gastric juice pH in adult horses with naturally occurring gastric ulcers. Omeprazole (0.5 mg/kg, IV) was administered once daily for 5 days to 6 adult horses with gastric ulcers. Gastric juice was aspirated through the biopsy channel of an endoscope and pH was measured before and 1 hour after administration of omeprazole on day 1, and then before and after administration of omeprazole on day 5. Gastric ulcer scores were recorded on day 1 before administration of omeprazole and on day 5, 23 hours after the 4th daily dose. Gastric juice pH and ulcer scores were compared between the times. When compared with the pre-injection value (2.01 +/- 0.42), mean +/- SD gastric juice pH was significantly higher when measured 1 hour after administration of the initial dose (4.35 +/- 2.31), and before (5.27 +/- 1.74) and 1 hour after (7.00 +/- 0.25) administration of omeprazole on day 5. Nonglandular gastric ulcer number score significantly decreased from a mean +/- SD of 3.2 +/- 0.80 to 2.0 +/- 1.1, but nonglandular gastric ulcer severity score remained the same. Few glandular ulcers were seen in the study, and scores did not change. Because of its potent and long duration of action on gastric juice pH, this intravenous formulation of omeprazole may show promise for treatment of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) in horses with dysphagia, gastric reflux, or other conditions that restrict oral intake of omeprazole paste. Aspiration of gastric juice and measurement of pH can be of use to determine whether the desired pH > 4.0 has been reached after omeprazole treatment.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Female; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastric Juice; Horse Diseases; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Injections, Intravenous; Omeprazole; Stomach Ulcer
PubMed: 17063717
DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2006)20[1202:eoiaoo]2.0.co;2 -
British Medical Journal May 1958
Topics: Gastric Juice; Gastrointestinal Contents
PubMed: 13536461
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5081.1213 -
The Journal of Physiology Aug 1953
Topics: Gastric Juice; Hydrochloric Acid; Ion Exchange Resins
PubMed: 13085352
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Aug 1953
Topics: Gastric Juice
PubMed: 13084759
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.6.3.178 -
Oncotarget Jan 2017The influence of environmental stressors on the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disease has received increased awareness. Stress affects different physiological...
The influence of environmental stressors on the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disease has received increased awareness. Stress affects different physiological functions of the gastrointestinal tract, including gastric acid secretion and mucosal blood flow. Repeated exposures of rapid-onset, highly-sustained hypergravity cause severe physical stress in the pilot. Although the effects of exposure to hypergravity on cardiovascular and cerebral functions have been the subjects of numerous studies, crucial information regarding pathophysiological changes in the gastrointestinal tract following hypergravity exposure is lacking. In this study, we investigated the effects of acute exposure to hypergravity on gastric secretory activity and gastrin release. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to +10Gz three times for 3 min. Gastric juice and blood were collected. The volume and total acidity of gastric juice, and the plasma gastrin level was measured. Acute exposure to +10Gz significantly decreased the gastric juice parameters. The gastric juice volume and total acidity of hypergravity-exposed rats were 3.54 ± 0.32 mL/100 g and 84.90 ± 5.17 mEq/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the nonexposed rats (4.62 ± 0.39 mL/100 g and 97.37 ± 5.42 mEq/L; P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). In contrast, plasma gastrin level was not significantly altered following hypergravity exposure. We demonstrated that acute exposure to hypergravity led to a significant decrease in the gastric juice volume and acidity but did not alter the plasma gastrin level.
Topics: Animals; Gastric Acid; Gastric Juice; Gastrins; Hypergravity; Male; Models, Animal; Rats
PubMed: 27992379
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13969 -
Respiratory Research Jul 2005Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) can cause respiratory disease in children from recurrent aspiration of gastric contents. GORD can be defined in several ways and...
BACKGROUND
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) can cause respiratory disease in children from recurrent aspiration of gastric contents. GORD can be defined in several ways and one of the most common method is presence of reflux oesophagitis. In children with GORD and respiratory disease, airway neutrophilia has been described. However, there are no prospective studies that have examined airway cellularity in children with GORD but without respiratory disease. The aims of the study were to compare (1) BAL cellularity and lipid laden macrophage index (LLMI) and, (2) microbiology of BAL and gastric juices of children with GORD (G+) to those without (G-).
METHODS
In 150 children aged < 14-years, gastric aspirates and bronchoscopic airway lavage (BAL) were obtained during elective flexible upper endoscopy. GORD was defined as presence of reflux oesophagitis on distal oesophageal biopsies.
RESULTS
BAL neutrophil% in G- group (n = 63) was marginally but significantly higher than that in the G+ group (n = 77), (median of 7.5 and 5 respectively, p = 0.002). Lipid laden macrophage index (LLMI), BAL percentages of lymphocyte, eosinophil and macrophage were similar between groups. Viral studies were negative in all, bacterial cultures positive in 20.7% of BALs and in 5.3% of gastric aspirates. BAL cultures did not reflect gastric aspirate cultures in all but one child.
CONCLUSION
In children without respiratory disease, GORD defined by presence of reflux oesophagitis, is not associated with BAL cellular profile or LLMI abnormality. Abnormal microbiology of the airways, when present, is not related to reflux oesophagitis and does not reflect that of gastric juices.
Topics: Adolescent; Blood Cell Count; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Gastric Juice; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Lipids; Macrophages; Male
PubMed: 16022729
DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-6-72 -
Gut Mar 1995The impairment of formation and maintenance of a formed fibrin clot contributes to the prolonged bleeding and high incidence of rebleeding in upper gastrointestinal...
The impairment of formation and maintenance of a formed fibrin clot contributes to the prolonged bleeding and high incidence of rebleeding in upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. To investigate the basis for the use of drug therapy in gastric bleeding, this study used thrombelastography to determine the effects of pharmacological manipulation of gastric juice on coagulation and fibrinolysis. The thrombelastograph is a mechanical device that provides a visual assessment of all stages of coagulation and fibrinolysis. The effects of fresh and pharmacologically changed gastric juice was assessed after its addition to fresh whole blood in the thrombelastograph cuvette. Pharmacological manipulation was achieved through alkalisation or through addition of tranexamic acid, aprotinin, or sucralfate. Fresh gastric juice delayed clot formation, decreased maximum clot amplitude, and stimulated clot lysis. Alkalisation inhibited the lytic effects of fresh gastric juice and improved the induced abnormalities in coagulation. Tranexamic acid partially inhibited gastric juice induced clot lysis but did not exhibit a beneficial effect on coagulation. Sucralfate, and to a lesser extent aprotinin significantly inhibited fibrinolysis but exacerbated the detrimental effect of gastric juice on the parameters of coagulation. Alkalisation of gastric juice reduces the adverse effect on coagulation and fibrinolysis. Tranexamic acid, aprotinin, and sucralfate can all reduce or inhibit clot lysis, but the adverse effects on clot formation may outweigh any potential benefit in the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Topics: Aprotinin; Blood Coagulation; Fibrinolysis; Gastric Acid; Gastric Juice; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Sucralfate; Thrombelastography; Tranexamic Acid
PubMed: 7535282
DOI: 10.1136/gut.36.3.358 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Jul 2020High-flow, heated, and humidified nasal oxygen therapy (HFNO) is frequently used in critical care and perioperative settings for a range of clinical applications. Much...
BACKGROUND
High-flow, heated, and humidified nasal oxygen therapy (HFNO) is frequently used in critical care and perioperative settings for a range of clinical applications. Much of the benefit of HFNO is attributed to generation of modest levels of positive airway pressure. Concern has been raised that this positive airway pressure may cause gastric insufflation, potentially increasing the risk of regurgitation and aspiration in an unprotected airway.
METHODS
A prospective, interventional, assessor-blinded study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of HFNO on gastric content and gastric distension in healthy fasted adult volunteers assessed by ultrasonography. The primary outcome was the volume of gastric secretions. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of gastric air insufflation and the distribution of gastric antral grades.
RESULTS
Sixty subjects were enrolled. No subject was found to have air gastric distension either at baseline or after treatment with HFNO. All subjects had either a Grade 0 or Grade 1 antrum, with similar distribution of antral grades and similar volume of gastric secretions before and after treatment with HFNO.
CONCLUSIONS
There was no evidence that treatment with HFNO at flow rates of up to 70 L min for 30 min resulted in gastric distension or an increase in gastric secretions in healthy individuals breathing spontaneously. The generalisability of these findings to subjects under anaesthesia and patients with incompetence of the lower oesophageal sphincter or impaired gastric emptying requires further investigation.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
NCT03134937.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Gastric Juice; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Cavity; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Prospective Studies; Respiration; Ultrasonography; Young Adult
PubMed: 32241548
DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.02.023 -
Gastroenterology Clinics of North... Dec 2000The application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with respect to Helicobacter pylori is useful for molecular epidemiologic aspects and detection purposes. The authors... (Review)
Review
The application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with respect to Helicobacter pylori is useful for molecular epidemiologic aspects and detection purposes. The authors address the current detection methods by PCR aimed at detecting H. pylori in clinical samples collected by less invasive methods, such as gastric juice, saliva, dental plaque, and feces. Enzyme immunoassay also is discussed.
Topics: Feces; Gastric Juice; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Saliva
PubMed: 11190077
DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70160-6 -
The Journal of Physiology Nov 19671. In anaesthetized cats with gastric fistulae, the relation was investigated between the rate of gastric secretion and the histamine contents of the plasma and the...
1. In anaesthetized cats with gastric fistulae, the relation was investigated between the rate of gastric secretion and the histamine contents of the plasma and the gastric juice during intravenous infusions of [(14)C]histamine for 3 hr.2. In the first hour only, some endogenous histamine appeared in the gastric juice.3. There was no quantitative relation between the histamine that was infused and that which appeared in the gastric juice.4. There was no correlation between the rate of gastric secretion and the concentration of histamine in either plasma or gastric juice.5. It was concluded that the secretion of histamine into the gastric juice was not essential to gastric secretion.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Cats; Female; Gastric Juice; Histamine; Histamine Release; Infusions, Parenteral; Male
PubMed: 6065886
DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1967.sp008365