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Revista Medica Del Instituto Mexicano... Jul 2023Rapunzel syndrome is a rare presentation of trichobezoar, secondary to the ingestion of hair known as trichophagia. This bezoar has been found mainly in women, it...
BACKGROUND
Rapunzel syndrome is a rare presentation of trichobezoar, secondary to the ingestion of hair known as trichophagia. This bezoar has been found mainly in women, it invades the stomach and extends to the small intestine. Clinically, patients present weight loss and chronic obstructive symptoms at the intestinal level. A case of Rapunzel syndrome is presented.
CLINICAL CASE
A 13-year-old female presented with a weight loss of 10kg in two months, chronic constipation, predominantly nocturnal vomiting, and abdominal pain of seven days' duration. Physical examination revealed decreased peristalsis and a palpable mass in the epigastrium. Laboratories taken on admission: normal blood count, kidney function tests, and liver function tests. The abdominal X-ray showed opacity in the fundus, body and gastric antrum, the abdominal ultrasound showed non-specific findings in the epigastrium, later an abdominal tomography was performed with a swallow of water-soluble contrast medium and showed occupation in the gastric lumen. She underwent exploratory laparotomy and the finding was a trichobezoar in the stomach with extension to the duodenum and part of the jejunum, which was removed without complications. The evolution of the patient was favorable.
CONCLUSIONS
For the diagnosis of Rapunzel Syndrome, the use of contrast imaging studies is necessary, and the treatment of choice is surgical.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Bezoars; Trichotillomania; Stomach; Hair; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Syndrome
PubMed: 37540757
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8200619 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jul 2014Most patients with pancreatic cancer develop malignant biliary obstruction. Treatment of obstruction is generally indicated to relieve symptoms and improve morbidity and... (Review)
Review
Most patients with pancreatic cancer develop malignant biliary obstruction. Treatment of obstruction is generally indicated to relieve symptoms and improve morbidity and mortality. First-line therapy consists of endoscopic biliary stent placement. Recent data comparing plastic stents to self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) has shown improved patency with SEMS. The decision of whether to treat obstruction and the means for doing so depends on the clinical scenario. For patients with resectable disease, preoperative biliary decompression is only indicated when surgery will be delayed or complications of jaundice exist. For patients with locally advanced disease, self-expanding metal stents are superior to plastic stents for long-term patency. For patients with advanced disease, the choice of metallic or plastic stent depends on life expectancy. When endoscopic stent placement fails, percutaneous or surgical treatments are appropriate. Endoscopic therapy or surgical approach can be used to treat concomitant duodenal and biliary obstruction.
Topics: Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Cholestasis; Decompression, Surgical; Drainage; Gastric Outlet Obstruction; Humans; Jaundice, Obstructive; Metals; Palliative Care; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Plastics; Prosthesis Design; Stents; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25071329
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i28.9345 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Sep 2022
Topics: Esophageal Motility Disorders; Esophagogastric Junction; Humans
PubMed: 35934856
DOI: 10.1111/apt.17131 -
Dysphagia Oct 2023Dysphagia occurs temporarily or permanently following esophageal replacement in at least half of the cases. Swallowing disorder, in addition to severe decline in the...
Dysphagia occurs temporarily or permanently following esophageal replacement in at least half of the cases. Swallowing disorder, in addition to severe decline in the quality of life, can lead to a deterioration of the general condition, which may lead to death if left untreated. For this reason, their early detection and treatment are a matter of importance. Between 1993 and 2012, 540 esophageal resections were performed due to malignant tumors at the Department of Surgery, Medical Center of the University of Pécs. Stomach was used for replacement in 445 cases, colon in 38 cases, and jejunum in 57 cases. The anastomosis with a stomach replacement was located to the neck in 275 cases and to the thorax in 170 cases. The colon was pulled up to the neck in each case. There were 29 cases of free jejunal replacements located to the neck and 28 cases with a Roux loop reconstruction located to the thorax. Based on the literature data and own experience, the following were found to be the causes of dysphagia in the order of frequency: anastomotic stenosis, conduit obstruction, peptic and ischemic stricture, foreign body, local recurrence, functional causes, new malignant tumor in the esophageal remnant, and malignant tumor in the organ used for replacement. Causes may overlap each other, and their treatment may be conservative or surgical. The causes of many dysphagic complications might be prevented by improving the anastomosis technique, by better preservation the blood supply of the substitute organ, by consistently applying a functional approach, and by regular follow-up.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Quality of Life; Postoperative Complications; Stomach; Esophageal Stenosis
PubMed: 36719515
DOI: 10.1007/s00455-023-10557-2 -
Case Reports in Gastroenterology 2022The diagnosis of gastric volvulus can be a clinical challenge as it is rare, and the symptoms are often nonspecific and intermittent. Upper endoscopy is a minimally...
The diagnosis of gastric volvulus can be a clinical challenge as it is rare, and the symptoms are often nonspecific and intermittent. Upper endoscopy is a minimally invasive intervention that may be repeated more than once to provide key information and ultimately establish such a diagnosis. To emphasize the role of upper endoscopy in surgical cases with recurrent upper gastrointestinal obstructions, we present a case of intermittent gastric volvulus in a patient with a remote history of complex chest wall reconstruction for invasive breast cancer using an omental flap. She presented with substernal chest pain, belching, nausea, and vomiting. Although the initial imaging suggested duodenal obstruction, exploratory laparotomy and intraoperative upper endoscopy did not show any pathology in the stomach or duodenum. Repeat upper endoscopy due to recurrence of obstructive symptoms shortly after the initial exploratory laparotomy revealed a gastric volvulus. This resulted in abnormal duodenal orientation which caused intermittent duodenal obstruction while the pathology was in the stomach. Gastric volvulus may be spontaneously reducible, leading to discordance in findings during the clinical course. This could explain the absence of visible twisting on initial exploratory laparotomy in this patient and the subsequent findings of volvulus on upper endoscopy. Thus, it is important to consider gastric volvulus as a possible cause of symptoms despite initial negative findings as it is a dynamic process and may only be discovered through relook upper endoscopy and imaging.
PubMed: 35611124
DOI: 10.1159/000521917 -
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... Oct 2020Esophageal manometry is the gold standard test for diagnosing primary esophageal motility disorder. With the various metrics of the high-resolution esophageal manometry,... (Review)
Review
Esophageal manometry is the gold standard test for diagnosing primary esophageal motility disorder. With the various metrics of the high-resolution esophageal manometry, the Chicago classification provides a standard approach for the manometric diagnosis of esophageal motor disorders. In the Chicago classification, the esophagogastric junction dysfunction is an important major motor disorder, which includes achalasia subtypes and esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction. Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction is defined manometrically as normal or weak esophageal peristalsis with incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. It is a heterogeneous disorder and usually has a benign clinical course. The small portion of an esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction is early or variant achalasia. In such cases, treatments directing the lower esophageal sphincter, such as balloon dilatation or per oral endoscopic myotomy, may be necessary. An adjunctive high-resolution manometry provocation test or other esophageal function tests, such as timed barium esophagogram, can help select those patients and predict the treatment outcomes.
Topics: Esophageal Achalasia; Esophageal Motility Disorders; Esophagogastric Junction; Esophagus; Humans; Manometry; Prognosis
PubMed: 33100312
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2020.76.4.179 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Sep 2021We present the case of a 69-year-old female undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy for iron-deficiency anemia investigation. She reported intermittent bloating, nausea...
We present the case of a 69-year-old female undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy for iron-deficiency anemia investigation. She reported intermittent bloating, nausea and vomiting. A pedunculated polyp was identified arising from the greater curvature of the middle gastric body, with a long fibroelastic stalk (30mm) and a 60mm congestive head that prolapsed towards the pyloric ring, causing a complete gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). An en-block polypectomy was performed. An intraprocedural oozing bleeding from a large visible vessel at the residual stalk was managed using endoloop®. Histo-immunohistochemistry showed a R0-resection of a mixed-type gastric pyloric gland adenoma (PGA) positive for MUC-5AC and MUC-6 mucins, in a surrounding H. pylori-negative non-atrophic chronic gastritis. She became asymptomatic with anemia resolution. Adenomas account for up to 10% of gastric polyps. Histologically, they are categorized into intestinal, foveolar, pyloric and oxyntic types (1). PGA is a rare subtype, accounting for less than 3% of all gastric polyps (2). PGAs are usually solitary at gastric body, and occur in association with autoimmune gastritis, H. pylori and chemical gastritis (2). A normal background gastric mucosa has also been described (35.8%) (3). PGAs are devoid of apical mucin cap and label by both MUC-5AC and MUC-6 (2). Choi et al. (3) defined three PGA immunohistochemical phenotypes: pure pyloric-type (25.4%), with strong MUC-6 expression; predominant foveolar-type (3%), with MUC-5AC diffuse expression but ≤10% of MUC-6 expression and no foveolar differentiation; and mixed-type (61.2%), with variable MUC-5AC/MUC-6 expression. Most PGAs are asymptomatic, but clinically significant because of their potential for malignant transformation (12-47%) and complications, including gastrointestinal bleeding and obstruction (1, 3). GOO is rare, causing intermittent symptoms by polyp intussusception (ball-valve-syndrome) (4, 5). PGA management is challenging, depending on size, morphology and location. This case illustrates a successful endoscopic resection as a minimally invasive procedure of a doubly complicated PGA.
Topics: Adenoma; Aged; Anemia; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Gastric Outlet Obstruction; Humans; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 33569969
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2021.7820/2021 -
Turkish Journal of Surgery 2017A bezoar is a mass formed because of the accumulation of indigestible material in the stomach and/or small intestine. Bezoars are rare but occasionally occur with acute...
A bezoar is a mass formed because of the accumulation of indigestible material in the stomach and/or small intestine. Bezoars are rare but occasionally occur with acute abdomen findings. Bezoars form as a result of changes in the gastrointestinal system anatomy and physiology and repetitive exposure to the ingested material. These materials can include vegetables with high fiber content (phytobezoars), non-animal origin fats, hair (trichobezoars), or drugs such as anti-acids (pharmobezoars). Gastric bezoars frequently occur after gastric surgery. Psychiatric disorders such as trichotillomania (an irresistible urge to remove and swallow one's own hair) are frequently the underlying reason in patients without a history of gastric surgery. In this article, we presented a giant gastric trichobezoar obstructing outlet and causing closed-perforation and abscess formation of gastric fundus in a 30-year-old woman.
PubMed: 28944343
DOI: 10.5152/UCD.2015.2994 -
BMJ Case Reports Dec 2020An 87-year-old woman presented to us with a 5-day history of worsening epigastric pain and vomiting. Her medical history included known gallstones and a previous episode...
An 87-year-old woman presented to us with a 5-day history of worsening epigastric pain and vomiting. Her medical history included known gallstones and a previous episode of acute cholecystitis complicated by a perforated gallbladder for which she had declined surgery 5 years prior. Radiological imaging confirmed a large gallstone impacted in the first part of the duodenum with gross gastric outlet obstruction and pneumobilia, confirming the diagnosis of Bouveret syndrome, an often overlooked and rare variant of gallstone ileus. Following an unsuccessful oesophagogastroduodenoscopy for stone retrieval, she underwent a laparotomy and gastrotomy with a successful outcome and discharged from hospital 4 weeks following the procedure.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Duodenal Obstruction; Duodenum; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Female; Gallbladder; Gallstones; Gastric Outlet Obstruction; Humans; Ileus; Stomach; Syndrome; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33370996
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238620 -
Saudi Medical Journal Nov 2023The incidence of malignant transformation in ectopic pancreas (EP), including adenocarcinoma, is extremely rare. Herein, we presented a single case with invasive... (Review)
Review
The incidence of malignant transformation in ectopic pancreas (EP), including adenocarcinoma, is extremely rare. Herein, we presented a single case with invasive adenocarcinoma caused by the EP in the stomach. The patient consulted our hospital due to abdominal discomfort with acid regurgitation. Computed tomography scan showed a pyloric obstruction and thickening of the gastric wall in the gastric antrum; a digestive endoscopic examination showed mucosal congestion, swelling in the anterior pyloric area, and pyloric canal stenosis. Next, the patient underwent gastrointestinal surgery, and the distal gastrectomy specimens revealed a deviation of 10 cm towards the lesser curvature and an extension of 22 cm towards the greater curvature. A 5.5 x 5.4 cm round-like mass was found during surgery. Pathological examination suggested invasive submucosal adenocarcinoma located under the gastric antrum mucosa. Our report provides additional clinical experience for diagnosing EP with canceration in the stomach.
Topics: Humans; Stomach Neoplasms; Pyloric Antrum; Pancreas; Adenocarcinoma
PubMed: 37926464
DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.11.20220914