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Medicine Dec 2023We aimed to evaluate the success of the ratio of chin-nape circumference (CNC) and neck circumference (NC) to CNC in predicting difficult mask ventilation (DMV) or...
We aimed to evaluate the success of the ratio of chin-nape circumference (CNC) and neck circumference (NC) to CNC in predicting difficult mask ventilation (DMV) or difficult intubation (DI). Eighty-seven obese patients (body mass index ≥ 30) were evaluated between September 15, 2019 and September 15, 2020. Mallampati score, mouth opening, upper lip bite test, distance between incisors, thyromental distance (TMD), sternomental distance (SMD), and thyromental height were recorded. NC and CNC were measured in a neutral position. The ratio of NC to TMD and the ratio of NC to CNC were calculated. Mask ventilation was graded according to the method described by Han et al (Grade 3 or 4 equals DMV). DI assessment was performed using the intubation difficulty scale (IDS, IDS < 5 equals easy intubation, IDS ≥ 5 equals DI). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the variables thought to be effective in DMV and DI. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated for each parameter considered effective. DMV was found in 17.2% (n = 15) of the patients included in the study, and DI was found in 16.1% (n = 14). The relationship between DMV and age, male gender, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, NC, ratio of NC to TMD, ratio of NC to SMD, ratio of NC to CNC, and CNC was significant. Male gender and NC >45.5 cm were independent risk factors for DMV. The relationship between DI and distance between incisors, NC, ratio of NC to TMD, ratio of NC to SMD, and CNC was significant. A distance between the incisors < 4.85 cm and a NC > 41.5 cm were found to be independent risk factors for DI. CNC may predict DMV and DI in obese patients. The ratio of NC to CNC may predict DMV in obese patients.
Topics: Humans; Male; Intubation, Intratracheal; Chin; Obesity; Neck; Risk Factors; Laryngoscopy
PubMed: 38115265
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036614 -
BMC Pediatrics Dec 2023The Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence has increased significantly over the past two decades. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the association...
BACKGROUNDS
The Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence has increased significantly over the past two decades. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the association between the early life growth of head circumference (HC), weight, and height with ASD in infants.
METHODS
PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to November 2021 using relevant keywords. All original articles are written in English evaluating the early life growth of HC, weight, and height in infants with ASD were eligible for the present review.
RESULTS
Totally, 23 articles involving 4959 infants were included in this review. Of 13 studies that evaluated HC of infants at birth, 10 studies (83.33%) showed that the HC at the birth of autistic children was similar to that of the average found in the control group. Among 21 studies that evaluated the HC and weight status in infants, 19 studies (90.47%) showed that autistic children had larger HC and weight than the control group or abnormal acceleration of head growth during infancy. Height growth of infants was investigated in 13 studies, of which 10 cases (76.92%) reported that infants with ASD were significantly longer than control groups. Most of he included studies had a good quality.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that in infants with ASD, without the contribution of birth growth factors and sex of the child, the growth of HC, weight, and height probably was faster than in infants with normal development, in early life. Therefore, these measurements might be useful as initial predictive biomarkers for the risk of developing ASD.
Topics: Infant; Child; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Head; Cephalometry; Biomarkers; Prevalence
PubMed: 38066466
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04445-9 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Aug 2010
Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Anthropometry; Female; Fetal Blood; Head; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Sex Factors; Testosterone
PubMed: 20550550
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03691.x -
Fertility and Sterility Feb 2018To assess parental health status inclusive of infertility and infant outcomes.
OBJECTIVE
To assess parental health status inclusive of infertility and infant outcomes.
DESIGN
Birth cohort with cross-sectional analysis of parental health status and infant outcomes.
SETTING
Not applicable.
PATIENT(S)
Parents (n = 4,886) and infants (n = 5,845) participating in the Upstate KIDS birth cohort.
INTERVENTION(S)
None.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
Infertility was defined as [1] sexually active without contraception for 1+ years without pregnancy, [2] ever requiring ≥12 months to become pregnant, and [3] requiring ≥12 months for index pregnancy. Multivariable linear regression with generalized estimating equations estimated the change (β coefficient and 95% confidence interval [CI]) in infant outcomes (gestation, birthweight, length, head circumference, ponderal index) and relative to each disease, including infertility after adjusting for age, body mass index, and infertility treatment.
RESULT(S)
Prevalence of parental chronic diseases ranged from <1% to 19%, and 21% to 54% for infertility. Maternal hypertension was negatively associated with gestation (β, -0.64; 95% CI, -1.03, -0.25) and birthweight (-151.98; -262.30, -41.67) as was asthma and birthweight (-75.01; -130.40, -19.62). Maternal kidney disease was associated with smaller head circumference (-1.09; -2.17, -0.01), whereas paternal autoimmune disease was associated with larger head circumference (0.87; 0.15, 1.60). Infertility was negatively associated with birthweight (-62.18; -103.78, -20.58), length (-0.33; -0.60, -0.06), and head circumference (-0.35; -0.67, -0.03).
CONCLUSION(S)
Infertility was significantly associated with reduced infant size even after accounting for infertility treatment, although the magnitude of reduction varied by definition of infertility. Absence of pregnancy within a year of being at risk may be informative about health.
Topics: Birth Weight; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fathers; Female; Gestational Age; Head; Health Status; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infertility, Female; Infertility, Male; Linear Models; Live Birth; Male; Maternal Health; Multivariate Analysis; New York; Noncommunicable Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prevalence; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; Risk Factors; Time-to-Pregnancy
PubMed: 29338856
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.10.009 -
The Journal of Pediatrics Aug 1986Two hundred four neonates, 25 to 42 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA), were measured on day 2 or 3 of life for upper mid-arm circumference (MAC) and head...
Two hundred four neonates, 25 to 42 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA), were measured on day 2 or 3 of life for upper mid-arm circumference (MAC) and head circumference. Regression analysis was used to construct standard curves for MAC versus EGA and mid-arm circumference/head circumference ratio (MAC/HC) versus EGA. Correlation coefficients were 0.93 for MAC versus EGA, and 0.84 for MAC/HC versus EGA. MAC, MAC/HC, and head circumference were also highly correlated with birth weight. These measurements may more accurately assess intrauterine growth and body proportionality at birth than weight, length, and head circumference.
Topics: Anthropometry; Arm; Birth Weight; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Gestational Age; Head; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Reference Values; Regression Analysis
PubMed: 3734968
DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(86)80393-6 -
American Journal of Medical Genetics.... Nov 2006Data from 10 sites of the NICHD/NIDCD Collaborative Programs of Excellence in Autism were combined to study the distribution of head circumference and relationship to...
Data from 10 sites of the NICHD/NIDCD Collaborative Programs of Excellence in Autism were combined to study the distribution of head circumference and relationship to demographic and clinical variables. Three hundred thirty-eight probands with autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) including 208 probands with autism were studied along with 147 parents, 149 siblings, and typically developing controls. ASDs were diagnosed, and head circumference and clinical variables measured in a standardized manner across all sites. All subjects with autism met ADI-R, ADOS-G, DSM-IV, and ICD-10 criteria. The results show the distribution of standardized head circumference in autism is normal in shape, and the mean, variance, and rate of macrocephaly but not microcephaly are increased. Head circumference tends to be large relative to height in autism. No site, gender, age, SES, verbal, or non-verbal IQ effects were present in the autism sample. In addition to autism itself, standardized height and average parental head circumference were the most important factors predicting head circumference in individuals with autism. Mean standardized head circumference and rates of macrocephaly were similar in probands with autism and their parents. Increased head circumference was associated with a higher (more severe) ADI-R social algorithm score. Macrocephaly is associated with delayed onset of language. Although mean head circumference and rates of macrocephaly are increased in autism, a high degree of variability is present, underscoring the complex clinical heterogeneity of the disorder. The wide distribution of head circumference in autism has major implications for genetic, neuroimaging, and other neurobiological research.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Autistic Disorder; Body Height; Case-Control Studies; Cephalometry; Child; Child, Preschool; Cooperative Behavior; Craniofacial Abnormalities; Female; Head; Humans; Intelligence; Male; Middle Aged; National Institutes of Health (U.S.); Parents; Reference Values; Siblings; Socioeconomic Factors; United States
PubMed: 17022081
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.31465 -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Feb 2021Human growth is susceptible to damage from insults, particularly during periods of rapid growth. Identifying those periods and the normative limits that are compatible...
BACKGROUND
Human growth is susceptible to damage from insults, particularly during periods of rapid growth. Identifying those periods and the normative limits that are compatible with adequate growth and development are the first key steps toward preventing impaired growth.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to construct international fetal growth velocity increment and conditional velocity standards from 14 to 40 weeks' gestation based on the same cohort that contributed to the INTERGROWTH-21 Fetal Growth Standards.
STUDY DESIGN
This study was a prospective, longitudinal study of 4321 low-risk pregnancies from 8 geographically diverse populations in the INTERGROWTH-21 Project with rigorous standardization of all study procedures, equipment, and measurements that were performed by trained ultrasonographers. Gestational age was accurately determined clinically and confirmed by ultrasound measurement of crown-rump length at <14 weeks' gestation. Thereafter, the ultrasonographers, who were masked to the values, measured the fetal head circumference, biparietal diameter, occipitofrontal diameter, abdominal circumference, and femur length in triplicate every 5 weeks (within 1 week either side) using identical ultrasound equipment at each site (4-7 scans per pregnancy). Velocity increments across a range of intervals between measures were modeled using fractional polynomial regression.
RESULTS
Peak velocity was observed at a similar gestational age: 16 and 17 weeks' gestation for head circumference (12.2 mm/wk), and 16 weeks' gestation for abdominal circumference (11.8 mm/wk) and femur length (3.2 mm/wk). However, velocity growth slowed down rapidly for head circumference, biparietal diameter, occipitofrontal diameter, and femur length, with an almost linear reduction toward term that was more marked for femur length. Conversely, abdominal circumference velocity remained relatively steady throughout pregnancy. The change in velocity with gestational age was more evident for head circumference, biparietal diameter, occipitofrontal diameter, and femur length than for abdominal circumference when the change was expressed as a percentage of fetal size at 40 weeks' gestation. We have also shown how to obtain accurate conditional fetal velocity based on our previous methodological work.
CONCLUSION
The fetal skeleton and abdomen have different velocity growth patterns during intrauterine life. Accordingly, we have produced international Fetal Growth Velocity Increment Standards to complement the INTERGROWTH-21 Fetal Growth Standards so as to monitor fetal well-being comprehensively worldwide. Fetal growth velocity curves may be valuable if one wants to study the pathophysiology of fetal growth. We provide an application that can be used easily in clinical practice to evaluate changes in fetal size as conditional velocity for a more refined assessment of fetal growth than is possible at present (https://lxiao5.shinyapps.io/fetal_growth/). The application is freely available with the other INTERGROWTH-21 tools at https://intergrowth21.tghn.org/standards-tools/.
Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Crown-Rump Length; Female; Femur; Fetal Development; Gestational Age; Growth Charts; Head; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Internationality; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Young Adult
PubMed: 32768431
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.07.054 -
PloS One 2019Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with azithromycin and monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine increased the mean child weight, mid-upper arm and head... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
The impact of maternal antenatal treatment with two doses of azithromycin and monthly sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine on child weight, mid-upper arm circumference and head circumference: A randomized controlled trial.
AIM
Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) with azithromycin and monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine increased the mean child weight, mid-upper arm and head circumference at four weeks of age in a rural low-income setting. Now we assess for how long these gains were sustained during 0-5 years of age.
METHODS
We enrolled 1320 pregnant Malawian women in a randomized trial and treated them with two doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (control) or monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine as IPTp against malaria, or monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and two doses of azithromycin (AZI-SP) as IPTp against malaria and reproductive tract infections. Child weight, mid-upper arm circumference, head circumference and weight-for-height Z-score were recorded at one, six, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months.
RESULTS
Throughout follow-up, the mean child weight was approximately 100 g higher (difference in means 0.12 kg, 95% CI 0.04-0.20, P = 0.003 at one month; 0.19 kg, 95% CI 0.05-0.33, P = 0.007, at six months), mean head circumference 2 mm larger (0.3 cm, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.5, P = 0.004 at one month) and the cumulative incidence of underweight by five years of age was lower (hazard ratio 0.74, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.90, P = 0.002) in the AZI-SP group than in the control group. The 2 mm difference in the mean mid-upper arm circumference at one month (0.2 cm, 95% CI 0.0 to 0.3, P = 0.007) disappeared after three years of age. There was no difference in mean weight-for-height Z-score at any time point.
CONCLUSION
In Malawi, IPTp with azithromycin and monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine has a modest, 3-5-year positive impact on child weight, mid-upper arm circumference and head circumference, but not on weight-for-height Z-score.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimalarials; Arm; Azithromycin; Birth Weight; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Combinations; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Head; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Malaria; Malawi; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic; Pyrimethamine; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sulfadoxine
PubMed: 31063503
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216536 -
Cadernos de Saude Publica 2021This study aimed to compare the anthropometric measurements and body proportionalities of neonates born before the Zika virus epidemic with those born during this...
This study aimed to compare the anthropometric measurements and body proportionalities of neonates born before the Zika virus epidemic with those born during this period. We compared 958 neonates born during the pre-Zika epidemic with 264 neonates born during the epidemic period. The newborns had their head circumference, weight, and length classified according to the Fenton & Kim growth chart. We considered disproportionate those individuals that presented microcephaly and adequate weight or length for sex and gestational age, and those whose head circumferences were lower than the ratio ((length / 2) + 9.5) - 2.5cm. We estimated the frequencies of Zika positivity and brain imaging findings among neonates with microcephaly born during the epidemic period, concerning the anthropometric and body proportionality parameters. Low weight and proportionate microcephaly were similar among newborns from both periods. However, the frequencies of newborns with microcephaly with a very low length and disproportionate microcephaly were higher among the neonates of the epidemic period with brain abnormalities and positive for Zika virus. We conclude that, at birth, the disproportion between head circumference and length can be an indicator of the severity of microcephaly caused by congenital Zika.
Topics: Brazil; Cephalometry; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Microcephaly; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection
PubMed: 34852159
DOI: 10.1590/0102-311X00228520 -
Environmental Health Perspectives Dec 2012Acrylamide is a common dietary exposure that crosses the human placenta. It is classified as a probable human carcinogen, and developmental toxicity has been observed in...
BACKGROUND
Acrylamide is a common dietary exposure that crosses the human placenta. It is classified as a probable human carcinogen, and developmental toxicity has been observed in rodents.
OBJECTIVES
We examined the associations between prenatal exposure to acrylamide and birth outcomes in a prospective European mother-child study.
METHODS
Hemoglobin (Hb) adducts of acrylamide and its metabolite glycidamide were measured in cord blood (reflecting cumulated exposure in the last months of pregnancy) from 1,101 singleton pregnant women recruited in Denmark, England, Greece, Norway, and Spain during 2006-2010. Maternal diet was estimated through food-frequency questionnaires.
RESULTS
Both acrylamide and glycidamide Hb adducts were associated with a statistically significant reduction in birth weight and head circumference. The estimated difference in birth weight for infants in the highest versus lowest quartile of acrylamide Hb adduct levels after adjusting for gestational age and country was -132 g (95% CI: -207, -56); the corresponding difference for head circumference was -0.33 cm (95% CI: -0.61, -0.06). Findings were similar in infants of nonsmokers, were consistent across countries, and remained after adjustment for factors associated with reduced birth weight. Maternal consumption of foods rich in acrylamide, such as fried potatoes, was associated with cord blood acrylamide adduct levels and with reduced birth weight.
CONCLUSIONS
Dietary exposure to acrylamide was associated with reduced birth weight and head circumference. Consumption of specific foods during pregnancy was associated with higher acrylamide exposure in utero. If confirmed, these findings suggest that dietary intake of acrylamide should be reduced among pregnant women.
Topics: Acrylamide; Adult; Birth Weight; Chromatography, Liquid; Cohort Studies; Diet; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Epoxy Compounds; Europe; Female; Fetal Blood; Head; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Mass Spectrometry; Maternal Exposure; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prospective Studies; Regression Analysis; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 23092936
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205327