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Journal of Cardiovascular... Aug 2022Transseptal left atrial catheterization is routinely used for many common catheter-based interventions. Tools for transseptal catheterization have advanced over the... (Review)
Review
Transseptal left atrial catheterization is routinely used for many common catheter-based interventions. Tools for transseptal catheterization have advanced over the recent years. Such tools include imaging advances with intracardiac echocardiology as well as an array of needles, wires, and dilators to achieve transseptal access with greater ease and safety. This study will discuss the contemporary tools for transseptal catheterization and guidance for difficult cases.
Topics: Atrial Appendage; Cardiac Catheterization; Catheter Ablation; Heart Atria; Heart Septum; Humans; Punctures
PubMed: 35229417
DOI: 10.1111/jce.15428 -
The Anatomical Record Sep 2000There have been suggestions made recently that our understanding of the atrioventricular junctions of the heart is less than adequate, with claims for several new... (Review)
Review
There have been suggestions made recently that our understanding of the atrioventricular junctions of the heart is less than adequate, with claims for several new findings concerning the arrangement of the ordinary working myocardium and the specialised pathways for atrioventricular conduction. In reality, these claims are grossly exaggerated. The structure and architecture of the pathways for conduction between the atrial and ventricular myocardium are exactly as described by Tawara nearly 100 years ago. The recent claims stem from a failure to assess histological findings in the light of criterions established by Monckeberg and Aschoff following a similar controversy in 1910. The atrioventricular junctions are the areas where the atrial myocardium inserts into, and is separated from, the base of the ventricular mass, apart from at the site of penetration of the specialised axis for atrioventricular conduction. There are two such junctions in the normal heart, surrounding the orifices of the mitral and tricuspid valves. The true septal area between the junctions is of very limited extent, being formed by the membranous septum. Posterior and inferior to this septal area, the atrial myocardium overlies the crest of the ventricular septum, with the atrial component being demarcated by the landmarks of the triangle of Koch. The adjacent structures, and in particular the so-called inferior pyramidal space, were accurately described by McAlpine (Heart and Coronary Arteries, 1975). Thus, again there is no need for revision of our understanding. The key to unravelling much of the alleged controversy is the recognition that, as indicated by Tawara, the atrioventricular node becomes the atrioventricular bundle at the point where the overall axis for conduction penetrates into the central fibrous body. There are also marked differences in arrangement, also described by Tawara, between the disposition of the conduction axis in man as compared to the dog.
Topics: Atrioventricular Node; Heart Septum; Humans
PubMed: 10967539
DOI: 10.1002/1097-0185(20000901)260:1<81::AID-AR90>3.0.CO;2-3 -
Contemporary techniques for catheter-based intervention for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.EuroIntervention : Journal of EuroPCR... May 2016Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is the most frequent genetic cardiovascular affection and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Invasive... (Review)
Review
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is the most frequent genetic cardiovascular affection and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Invasive treatment of symptomatic patients with HOCM refractory to drug therapy was limited to surgical myomectomy for years. In the mid 1990s, alcohol septal ablation (ASA) emerged as a new and less invasive option for septal ablation (SA) and is now considered a good alternative with excellent short- and long-term outcomes. Besides ASA, other techniques have been promoted to treat HOCM. The present review aims to summarise current practice and evidence of catheter-based techniques from the treatment of HOCM. We also detail technical points to achieve a safe and effective procedure.
Topics: Alcohols; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Catheter Ablation; Endovascular Procedures; Heart Septum; Humans
PubMed: 27174111
DOI: 10.4244/EIJV12SXA9 -
Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi : Turk... Dec 2017
Topics: Adult; Female; Heart Neoplasms; Heart Septum; Humans; Lipoma; Ventricular Septum
PubMed: 29226904
DOI: 10.5543/tkda.2017.80195 -
Journal of the American College of... Oct 2018
Topics: Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Catheter Ablation; Heart Septum; Humans; Radiofrequency Ablation
PubMed: 30309467
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.06.077 -
BioMed Research International 2018Ectopic cardiac fatty images are not rarely detected incidentally by computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance, or by exams focused on the heart as in general... (Review)
Review
Ectopic cardiac fatty images are not rarely detected incidentally by computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance, or by exams focused on the heart as in general thoracic imaging evaluations. A correct interpretation of these findings is essential in order to recognize their normal or pathological meaning, focusing on the eventually associated clinical implications. The development of techniques such as computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance allowed a detailed detection and evaluation of adipose tissue within the heart. This pictorial review illustrates the most common characteristics of cardiac fatty images by computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance, in a spectrum of normal and pathological conditions ranging from physiological adipose images to diseases presenting with cardiac fatty foci. Physiologic intramyocardial adipose tissue may normally be present in healthy adults, being not related to cardiac affections and without any clinical consequence. However cardiac fatty images may also be the expression of various diseases, comprehending arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, postmyocardial infarction lipomatous metaplasia, dilated cardiomyopathy, and lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum. Fatty neoplasms of the heart as lipoma and liposarcoma are also described.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia; Heart; Heart Septum; Humans; Lipoma; Liposarcoma; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 29503824
DOI: 10.1155/2018/5610347 -
Indian Heart Journal 2015
Review
Topics: Balloon Valvuloplasty; Cardiac Catheterization; Equipment Design; Fluoroscopy; Heart Septum; Heart Valve Diseases; Humans; Punctures; Surgery, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 25820057
DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2015.02.024 -
Experimental Animals Aug 2020To effectively use a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) as an experimental animal species, it is critical to establish a normal characteristics and morphology of the...
Presence of the annular ridge and location of the coronary sinus ostium as morphological features ofthe right atrium and interatrial septum in healthy common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).
To effectively use a common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) as an experimental animal species, it is critical to establish a normal characteristics and morphology of the organs of the common marmoset. Although gross morphology of the common marmoset heart is reportedly the same as that of humans, little information is available regarding detailed morphology of the right atrium and the interatrial septum. Heart specimens were collected from three male and 10 female marmosets aged 9 to 65 months to determine the morphological features of the right atrium and the interatrial septum. Ten specimens were evaluated morphologically with a stereoscopic microscope in accordance with preparation and investigation methods designed to facilitate evaluation. Three specimens were histologically evaluated after being stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Elastica van Gieson and periodic acid Schiff. An annular ridge that is not present in the human heart was present in the right atrium and the interatrial septum of the common marmoset hearts. Tissue structure of the annular ridge was similar to atrial myocardial fibers. Furthermore, location of the coronary sinus ostium was different to that in humans. Present findings were used to create a schematic view of the annular ridge in the common marmoset heart. In the common marmoset heart, the annular ridge may function as a valve of the superior vena cava ostium, inferior vena cava ostium, and coronary sinus ostium. Present study provides morphological evidence that common marmosets have a valve-like structure in the right atrium.
Topics: Animals; Callithrix; Coronary Sinus; Heart Atria; Heart Septum
PubMed: 32074546
DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0135 -
Journal of the American College of... May 2022
Topics: Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Coronary Artery Bypass; Heart Septum; Humans
PubMed: 35483752
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.03.332 -
PloS One 2014During cardiogenesis the epicardium, covering the surface of the myocardial tube, has been ascribed several functions essential for normal heart development of...
During cardiogenesis the epicardium, covering the surface of the myocardial tube, has been ascribed several functions essential for normal heart development of vertebrates from lampreys to mammals. We investigated a novel function of the epicardium in ventricular development in species with partial and complete septation. These species include reptiles, birds and mammals. Adult turtles, lizards and snakes have a complex ventricle with three cava, partially separated by the horizontal and vertical septa. The crocodilians, birds and mammals with origins some 100 million years apart, however, have a left and right ventricle that are completely separated, being a clear example of convergent evolution. In specific embryonic stages these species show similarities in development, prompting us to investigate the mechanisms underlying epicardial involvement. The primitive ventricle of early embryos becomes septated by folding and fusion of the anterior ventricular wall, trapping epicardium in its core. This folding septum develops as the horizontal septum in reptiles and the anterior part of the interventricular septum in the other taxa. The mechanism of folding is confirmed using DiI tattoos of the ventricular surface. Trapping of epicardium-derived cells is studied by transplanting embryonic quail pro-epicardial organ into chicken hosts. The effect of decreased epicardium involvement is studied in knock-out mice, and pro-epicardium ablated chicken, resulting in diminished and even absent septum formation. Proper folding followed by diminished ventricular fusion may explain the deep interventricular cleft observed in elephants. The vertical septum, although indistinct in most reptiles except in crocodilians and pythonidsis apparently homologous to the inlet septum. Eventually the various septal components merge to form the completely septated heart. In our attempt to discover homologies between the various septum components we aim to elucidate the evolution and development of this part of the vertebrate heart as well as understand the etiology of septal defects in human congenital heart malformations.
Topics: Animals; Chick Embryo; Elephants; Heart; Heart Septum; Humans; Mice; Organogenesis; Pericardium; Reptiles; T-Box Domain Proteins
PubMed: 25192012
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106569