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Anales de Pediatria Jun 2019The aim of this study is to assess epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of primary infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in children without previous...
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study is to assess epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of primary infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in children without previous diagnosis of any immune disease and its relationship with clinical presentation.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted on all children from 0 to 15 years with IgM against viral capsid of EBV positive or indeterminate during a 22 month period. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data were analysed and compared between typical (mononucleosis syndrome) and non-typical clinical symptoms.
RESULTS
The study included a total of 103 children, with a median age of 7 years (3-12.5 years). Almost two-thirds (63%) of patients had typical clinical signs, with a mononucleosis syndrome, and 37% had a non-typical presentation. The non-typical clinical group had a lower age (P=.03) and took less antibiotic than the typical clinical group (P=.015). From laboratory studies, there were no differences between the groups, except in RCP, which was higher in typical clinical group (P=.04). Heterophile antibodies were positive in 33% of patients. An indeterminate IgM against viral capsid was present in 20% of the patients, and most of them had an oligosymptomatic or atypical presentation. An IgM positive for other viruses was found in 21%, and 3 of them were suspicious of false positive for EBV.
CONCLUSIONS
In the studied population, a primary infection due to EBV is common in younger ages, and they have usually an oligosymptomatic clinical presentation. A very low percentage of positive heterophile antibodies were found. Cases with indeterminate IgM against viral capsid are more frequent in the non-typical clinical group. Co-infection with other viruses is common.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 30529045
DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.09.003 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2020Antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), have been shown to stimulate human B cell responses to unrelated recall antigens in vitro. However, it is not known...
Antigens from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), have been shown to stimulate human B cell responses to unrelated recall antigens in vitro. However, it is not known whether natural M.tb infection or whether vaccination with, Mycobacterium bovis BCG, has a similar effect. This study investigated the effects of M.tb infection and BCG vaccination on B cell responses to heterologous pathogen recall antigens. Antibodies against several bacterial and viral pathogens were quantified by ELISA in 68 uninfected controls, 62 individuals with latent TB infection (LTBI) and 107 active pulmonary TB (APTB) cases, and 24 recently BCG-vaccinated adolescents and naive controls. Antibody avidity was investigated using surface plasmon resonance and B cell ELISPOTs were used to measure plasmablast and memory B cell responses (MBC) in APTB cases and healthy donor controls. APTB was associated with higher levels of antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus and measles virus, compared to uninfected controls. BCG vaccination did not alter levels of antibodies against heterologous pathogens. Tetanus toxoid (TT)-specific antibody avidity was increased in APTB cases in comparison to uninfected individuals and the ratio of TT-specific plasmablasts to MBCs in the APTB cases was 7:1. M.tb infection is associated with increased antibody responses to heterologous pathogens in human subjects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibody Affinity; Antibody Formation; Antigens, Heterophile; B-Lymphocytes; BCG Vaccine; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Latent Tuberculosis; Male; Middle Aged; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tetanus Toxoid; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Young Adult
PubMed: 32868810
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71044-4 -
Clinical and Experimental Immunology Feb 1973Increased titres of heterophile antibodies to rat erythrocytes occurred in twelve of twenty-seven patients after renal transplantation. In seven of these twelve patients...
Increased titres of heterophile antibodies to rat erythrocytes occurred in twelve of twenty-seven patients after renal transplantation. In seven of these twelve patients the titre rise appeared to be associated with rejection. Heterophile antibody formation showed no consistent kinetic pattern after transplantation and no definite relationship between rise in antibody titre and rejection can be claimed. Patients with very high heterophile antibody titres were however prone to rejection. Heterophile antibodies to rat erythrocytes cross-reacted with human and monkey kidney cells and a subpopulation of these antibodies also with human B erythrocytes. The antibodies were not of the Forssman or Paul-Bunnel-type and their appearance could not be related to ABO or HL-A incompatibility. The heterophile antibodies, primarily of IgM class, are suggested to be produced in response to B-substance related antigens in Gram-negative bacteria and non-HL-A isoantigens. Approximately 35% of transplantation sera or sera from patients with kidney disease had IgG antibodies reacting with human and monkey kidney cells, human thyroid cells and A and B erythrocytes. Anti-kidney IgG antibodies in certain sera cross-reacted with rat erythrocytes. One-third of the patients with renal disorders had increased heterophile antibody titres.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Antibodies, Heterophile; Antibody Formation; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacteria; Cross Reactions; Erythrocytes; Female; Graft Rejection; Hemadsorption; Hemagglutination Tests; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Immunosuppression Therapy; Isoantigens; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Transplantation; Macaca; Male; Nephritis; Rats; Thyroid Gland; Transplantation, Homologous
PubMed: 4571211
DOI: No ID Found -
British Journal of Cancer Jan 1996The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the first rat monoclonal antibody (MAb ICR62) to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in a phase I... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the first rat monoclonal antibody (MAb ICR62) to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in a phase I clinical trial in patients with unresectable squamous cell carcinomas. This antibody effectively blocks the binding of EGF, transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha and HB-EGF to the EGFR, inhibits the growth in vitro of tumour cell lines which overexpress the EGFR and eradicates such tumours when grown as xenografts in athymic mice. Eleven patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and nine patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, whose tumours expressed EGFR, were recruited. Groups of three patients were treated with 2.5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg or 40 mg of ICR62 and a further eight patients received 100 mg. All patients were evaluated for toxicity using WHO criteria. Patients' sera were tested for the clearance of MAb ICR62 and the development of human anti-rat antibodies (HARA). No serious (WHO Grade III-IV) toxicity was observed in patients treated with up to 100 mg of antibody ICR62. Antibody ICR62 could be detected at 4 h and 24 h in the sera of patients treated with 40 mg or 100 mg of ICR62. Only 4/20 patients showed HARA responses (one at 20 mg, one at 40 mg and two at 100 mg doses) and of these only the former two were anti-idiotypic responses. In four patients receiving doses of ICR62 at 40 mg or greater, biopsies were obtained from metastatic lesions 24 h later and examined for the localisation of ICR62 using anti-rat antibody reagent. In these patients we showed the localisation of MAb ICR62 to the membranes of tumour cells; this appeared to be more prominent at the higher dose of 100 mg. On the basis of these data we conclude that MAb ICR62 can be administered safely to patients with squamous cell carcinomas and that it can localise efficiently to metastases even at relatively low doses.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Antibodies, Heterophile; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Membrane; ErbB Receptors; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Immunotherapy; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Metastasis; Rats
PubMed: 8546911
DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1996.40 -
British Journal of Cancer Mar 1981An antigen common to human sarcomas, S3, has been further characterized. It is antigenically distinct from human blood-group substances A and B and from heterophile...
An antigen common to human sarcomas, S3, has been further characterized. It is antigenically distinct from human blood-group substances A and B and from heterophile antigens such as Forssman, infectious mononucleosis and serum sickness antigens. Whilst S3 antigen preparations may contain small amounts of CEA and AFP there is no correlation between S3 antigen and the presence or amount of these known tumour-associated substances. S3 antibody can be fully absorbed with guinea-pig kidney but not boiled beef or SRBC. S3, therefore, is a heterophile substance which has not previously been identified. A seroepidemiological survey confirms that S3-antibody prevalence is significantly increased in persons with a wide variety of malignant disease, as well as in family members of patients with sarcoma.
Topics: Absorption; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Cell Line; Complement Fixation Tests; Cross Reactions; Female; Humans; Male; Sarcoma; alpha-Fetoproteins
PubMed: 6164380
DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1981.43 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Sep 1976The EBV IgG titres in acute and convalescent specimens from 97 cases of infectious mononucleosis were compared with titres from acute and convalescent sera from 96...
The EBV IgG titres in acute and convalescent specimens from 97 cases of infectious mononucleosis were compared with titres from acute and convalescent sera from 96 students with illnesses resembling infectious mononucleosis but without heterophil antibody, EB IgM or EB IgG seroconversion; and also with titres from 91 healthy students known to have had EB IgG antibody for at least six months. These titres were related to the titre of the Research Standard A.66/235 for infectious mononucleosis serum prepared by the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control. Serial sera were tested for heterophil antibody and EBVCA specific IgG and IgM from 61 university students with infectious mononucleosis. The period of persistence of heterophil antibody and EBV IgM after illness was outlined from the results of the tests. Single sera from 406 patients in hospital or general practice sent to the diagnostic laboratory for heterophil antibody tests were also tested for EBV antibodies without prior knowledge of the heterophil antibody result. The close agreement between heterophil antibody and EBV IgM results is shown. False positive EB IgM results were correlated with the presence of rheumatoid factor.
Topics: Antibodies, Heterophile; Antibodies, Viral; Capsid; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Hemagglutination Tests; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Infectious Mononucleosis
PubMed: 185241
DOI: 10.1136/jcp.29.9.841 -
Xenotransplantation Jul 2019We investigated the predictive biomarkers for graft rejection in pig-to-non-human primate (NHP) full-thickness corneal xenotransplantation (n = 34). The graft score... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
We investigated the predictive biomarkers for graft rejection in pig-to-non-human primate (NHP) full-thickness corneal xenotransplantation (n = 34). The graft score (0-12) was calculated based on opacity, edema, and vascularization. Scores ≥ 6 were defined as rejection. NHPs were divided into two groups: (a) graft rejection within 6 months; and (b) graft survival until 6 months. In the evaluation of 2-week biomarkers, none of the NHPs showed rejection within 2 weeks and the 34 NHPs were divided into two groups: (a) entire rejection group (n = 16); and (b) survival group (n = 18). In the evaluation of 4-week biomarkers, four NHPs showing rejection within 4 weeks were excluded and the remaining 30 NHPs were divided into two groups: (a) late rejection group (n = 12); and (b) survival group (n = 18). Analysis of biomarker candidates included T/B-cell subsets, levels of anti-αGal IgG/M, donor-specific IgG/M from blood, and C3a from plasma and aqueous humor (AH). CD8 IFNγ cells at week 2 and AH C3a at week 4 were significantly elevated in the rejection group. Receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve was highest for AH C3a (0.847) followed by CD8 IFNγ cells (both the concentration and percentage: 0.715), indicating excellent or acceptable discrimination ability, which suggests that CD8 IFNγ cells at week 2 and AH C3a at week 4 are reliable biomarkers for predicting rejection in pig-to-NHP corneal xenotransplantation.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Heterophile; Biomarkers; Complement Activation; Complement C3a; Corneal Transplantation; Graft Rejection; Heterografts; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lymphocyte Count; Lymphocyte Subsets; Macaca mulatta; Predictive Value of Tests; Retrospective Studies; Swine; Transplantation Immunology; Transplantation, Heterologous
PubMed: 30983050
DOI: 10.1111/xen.12515 -
British Medical Journal May 1980
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Antibodies, Heterophile; Antibodies, Viral; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Infectious Mononucleosis
PubMed: 6248155
DOI: No ID Found -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Oct 1999The transplantation of organs from other species into humans is considered to be a potential solution to the shortage of human donor organs. Organ transplantation from... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
The transplantation of organs from other species into humans is considered to be a potential solution to the shortage of human donor organs. Organ transplantation from pig to human, however, results in hyperacute rejection, initiated by the binding of human natural antidonor antibody and complement. The major target antigen of this natural antibody is the terminal disaccharide Galalphal,3Gal, which is synthesized by Galbeta1,4GlcNAc alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase. Here we review our current knowledge of this key enzyme. A better understanding of structure, enzyme properties, and expression pattern of alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase has opened up several novel therapeutic approaches to prevent hyperacute vascular rejection. Cloning, and expression in vitro of the corresponding cDNA, has allowed to develop strategies to induce immune tolerance, and deplete or neutralize the natural xenoreactive antibody. Elucidation of the genomic structure has led to the production of transgenic animals that are lacking alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase activity. A detailed knowledge of the enzyme properties has formed the basis of approaches to modify donor organ glycosylation by intracellular competition. Study of the expression pattern of alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase has helped to understand the mechanism of hyperacute rejection in discordant xenotransplantation, and that of complement-mediated, natural immunity against interspecies transmission of retroviruses.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Heterophile; Antigens, Heterophile; Carbohydrate Sequence; DNA, Complementary; Endothelium, Vascular; Epitopes; Evolution, Molecular; Galactosyltransferases; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Graft Rejection; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Polysaccharides; Species Specificity; Swine; Transplantation, Heterologous
PubMed: 10571028
DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(99)00056-3 -
Endocrinologia Japonica Dec 1991To develop a homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) for a hormone of a small or rare animal often meets difficulty in collecting a large amount of purified antigen required...
To develop a homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) for a hormone of a small or rare animal often meets difficulty in collecting a large amount of purified antigen required for antibody production. On the other hand, to employ a heterologous RIA to estimate the hormone often gives poor sensitivity. To overcome this difficulty, a "hetero-antibody" RIA was studied. In a hetero-antibody RIA system, a purified preparation of a hormone is used for radioiodination and standardization and a heterologous antibody to the hormone is used for the first antibody. Canine motilin and rat LH were selected as examples, and anti-porcine motilin and anti-hCG, anti-hCG beta or anti-ovine LH beta was used as the heterologous antibody. The sensitivities of the hetero-antibody RIAs were much higher than those of heterologous RIAs in any case, showing that these hetero-antibody RIA systems were suitable for practical use. To clarify the principle of hetero-antibody RIA, antiserum to porcine motilin was fractionated on an affinity column where canine motilin was immobilized. The fraction bound had greater constants of affinity with both porcine and canine motilins than the rest of the antibody fractions. This fraction also reacted with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal sequence common to porcine and canine motilins in a competitive binding test with labeled canine motilin. These results suggest that an antibody population having high affinity and cross-reactivity is present in polyclonal antiserum and indicate that the population can be used in hetero-antibody RIA at an appropriate concentration.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Animals; Antibodies, Heterophile; Antibody Specificity; Binding, Competitive; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Chromatography, Affinity; Cross Reactions; Dogs; Immune Sera; Immunohistochemistry; Luteinizing Hormone; Molecular Sequence Data; Motilin; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Species Specificity; Swine
PubMed: 1823035
DOI: 10.1507/endocrj1954.38.673