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Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Mar 2023Horner syndrome often occurs with cervical myelopathies and might provide insight into the underlying disease and prognosis.
BACKGROUND
Horner syndrome often occurs with cervical myelopathies and might provide insight into the underlying disease and prognosis.
OBJECTIVES
To describe the clinical and imaging features of dogs with cervical myelopathy and concurrent Horner syndrome and to determine association of Horner syndrome with diseases or magnetic resonance images (MRI).
ANIMALS
Ninety-three client-owned dogs with cervical myelopathy and concurrent Horner syndrome and 99 randomly selected client-owned dogs with cervical myelopathy without Horner syndrome (control cases).
METHODS
Retrospective study. Medical records were reviewed to identify Horner and control cases and clinical findings recorded. MRI were reviewed, and lesions characterized and recorded. Descriptive and comparative statistics were performed.
RESULTS
Non-compressive disease occurred more frequently in the Horner group compared with controls (58%; 95% CI: 48-68 vs 9%; 95% CI: 5-16; P < .0001). The most common diseases were fibrocartilaginous embolism in the Horner group (44/93; 47%) and intervertebral disc extrusion (76/99; 77%) amongst controls. On MRI, parenchymal hyperintensity was seen more commonly in the Horner group (95%; 95% CI: 88-98) compared with controls (51%; 95% CI: 41-60; P < .0001). In the Horner group, dogs that did not survive to discharge (N = 13) had more extensive MRI lesions relative to the adjacent vertebral length (200%; IQR 110%-575%) compared with survivors (N = 80; 110%; IQR 40%-250%; P = .02). Lateralization of Horner signs and MRI changes matched in 54% of cases. The overall survival rate was high in both Horner (80/93; 86%) and control (95/99; 96%) groups.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Horner syndrome in cervical myelopathy is commonly associated with noncompressive intraparenchymal disease.
Topics: Dogs; Animals; Retrospective Studies; Horner Syndrome; Dog Diseases; Spinal Cord Diseases; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36704850
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16588 -
Journal of Thoracic Disease Sep 2017Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an uncommon and potentially fatal cardiac channelopathy. Treatment options can be medical with β-blockers or surgical with implantable... (Review)
Review
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an uncommon and potentially fatal cardiac channelopathy. Treatment options can be medical with β-blockers or surgical with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantations and left cardiac sympathetic denervation (LCSD). Purpose of this paper is through a literature review to identify the management algorithm and the role of sympathectomy in LQTS.
PubMed: 29221324
DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.08.45 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Oct 2022Tumours arising from the parapharyngeal space are uncommon. The most common tumour arising primarily from this region is a neurogenic tumour, especially Schwannoma. The...
Tumours arising from the parapharyngeal space are uncommon. The most common tumour arising primarily from this region is a neurogenic tumour, especially Schwannoma. The most common site of origin of a Schwannoma in parapharyngeal space is Vagus nerve. Cervical sympathetic chain (CSC) schwannomas are extremely rare. Here, we discuss a case of a 30-year old female with cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma, the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management.
PubMed: 36452622
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-02199-9 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Aug 2008A patient was noted to have 2 different eye colours and miosis in her left eye. She ultimately received a diagnosis of congenital Horner syndrome. Determinants of eye...
A patient was noted to have 2 different eye colours and miosis in her left eye. She ultimately received a diagnosis of congenital Horner syndrome. Determinants of eye colour and possible clinical significance are discussed.
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Eye Color; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Horner Syndrome; Humans; Iris Diseases
PubMed: 18725617
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.070497 -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Jan 2017The identification and prompt diagnosis of Horner syndrome (HS) is essential for preventing permanent damage. HS may arise when a lesion presents anywhere along the... (Review)
Review
The identification and prompt diagnosis of Horner syndrome (HS) is essential for preventing permanent damage. HS may arise when a lesion presents anywhere along the three-neuron oculosympathetic pathway that begins at the posterior-lateral nuclei of the hypothalamus all the way through to the orbit. We present four cases and review the literature to familiarize the reader with the identification, diagnosis and treatment of Horner syndrome. The four patients, three adults and one child, were followed for at least 6 months following the initial diagnosis (range 6-18 months). There was partial resolution in three of the four cases, while the fourth resolved completely. There are numerous causes of HS, some of them iatrogenic. While iatrogenic cases of HR are rare in both adults and children, HS is seen more often following surgical procedures. Prompt recognition of the syndrome and correction of the offending agent may prevent permanent damage to the neuronal pathway. It is therefore recommended that practitioners be aware of the risks for development of iatrogenic HS and the signs for early detection.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anisocoria; Blepharoptosis; Female; Horner Syndrome; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Infant; Male; Young Adult
PubMed: 28457112
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2022Horner syndrome is a clinical constellation that presents with miosis, ptosis, and facial anhidrosis. It is important as a warning sign of the damaged oculosympathetic...
Horner syndrome is a clinical constellation that presents with miosis, ptosis, and facial anhidrosis. It is important as a warning sign of the damaged oculosympathetic chain, potentially with serious causes. However, the diagnosis of Horner syndrome is operator dependent and subjective. This study aims to present an objective method that can recognize Horner sign from facial photos and verify its accuracy. A total of 173 images were collected, annotated, and divided into training and testing groups. Two types of classifiers were trained (two-stage classifier and one-stage classifier). The two-stage method utilized the MediaPipe face mesh to estimate the coordinates of landmarks and generate facial geometric features accordingly. Then, ten machine learning classifiers were trained based on this. The one-stage classifier was trained based on one of the latest algorithms, YOLO v5. The performance of the classifier was evaluated by the diagnosis accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. For the two-stage model, the MediaPipe successfully detected 92.2% of images in the testing group, and the Decision Tree Classifier presented the highest accuracy (0.790). The sensitivity and specificity of this classifier were 0.432 and 0.970, respectively. As for the one-stage classifier, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.65, 0.51, and 0.84, respectively. The results of this study proved the possibility of automatic detection of Horner syndrome from images. This tool could work as a second advisor for neurologists by reducing subjectivity and increasing accuracy in diagnosing Horner syndrome.
Topics: Humans; Horner Syndrome; Algorithms; Machine Learning
PubMed: 36451761
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8670350 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Mar 2016Dissection of the cervical arteries is an important cause of stroke in young adults. A haematoma in the wall of the cervical vessel leads to stenosis or occlusion and... (Review)
Review
Dissection of the cervical arteries is an important cause of stroke in young adults. A haematoma in the wall of the cervical vessel leads to stenosis or occlusion and thereby risk of stroke. The most frequent local symptoms in carotid-artery dissection are head- and neck pain accompanied by Horner's syndrome, while typical symptoms in vertebral-artery dissection are pain in the back of the neck and head. The mural haematoma is best visualized by magnetic resonance imaging. Antithrombotic versus anticoagulation treatment to prevent stroke have recently shown to be equally effective.
Topics: Anticoagulants; Back Pain; Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection; Fibrinolytic Agents; Headache; Horner Syndrome; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neck Pain; Stroke; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Vertebral Artery Dissection; Young Adult
PubMed: 27045796
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular... Jun 2020THE RISK FACTORS, clinical manifestation, and preventive measures of Horner syndrome (HS) caused by internal jugular vein (IJV) catheterization were explored. Electronic... (Review)
Review
THE RISK FACTORS, clinical manifestation, and preventive measures of Horner syndrome (HS) caused by internal jugular vein (IJV) catheterization were explored. Electronic databases were searched to identify all case reports of HS caused by IJV catheterization. Two authors independently extracted literature characteristics, IJV catheterization method, clinical manifestations, and prognosis data. Twenty case reports (22 patients in total) were included, 18 of which were written in English and the other 2 in Chinese. Patients were between 19 months to 65 years old, and clinical manifestations included ptosis (n = 22), miosis (n = 21), anhidrosis (n = 8), enophthalmos (n = 3), and hoarseness (n = 1). Onset of HS manifestation ranged from a few hours to 19 days after the procedure. Eight patients with ptosis, 6 patients with miosis, and 1 patient with hoarseness recovered during follow-up. Of the 22 patients, 8 underwent more than 1 attempt of IJV catheterization. Six patients experienced accidental carotid artery puncture or hematoma formation during or after IJV catheterization. Ultrasound guidance was applied in 4 patients and anatomic landmark technique was used in the other 18 patients. The left IJV was catheterized in 3 patients, and the right IJV was catheterized in 19 patients. Repeated attempts of puncture, anatomic landmark technique, accidental carotid artery puncture, or hematoma formation may increase the possibility of HS. Ptosis and miosis are the most common manifestations of HS caused by IJV catheterization.
Topics: Carotid Arteries; Catheterization, Central Venous; Horner Syndrome; Humans; Jugular Veins; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 31350153
DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.06.031 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Jun 2023Schwannomas are rare benign tumours of the nerve sheath. Extracranial schwannomas are usually found solitary, in the absence of other features of neurofibromatosis. The...
Schwannomas are rare benign tumours of the nerve sheath. Extracranial schwannomas are usually found solitary, in the absence of other features of neurofibromatosis. The non NF1/2 multiple schwannomas are collectively described as the clinical scenario called schwannomatosis. We present a rare case of two extracranial schwannomas involving vagus and hypoglossal nerves in a 22-year-old female along with an unusual surgical complication of CSF leak presenting as post-op neck mass and a review of previously reported similar cases. A thorough literature search using the MeSH terms-'schwannomatosis' or 'Multiple Schwannoma' and 'Vagal Schwannoma' and 'Hypoglossal Schwannoma', was conducted using online databases and augmentated by hand search. A total of 13 reported cases were found and reviewed. Of the 14 cases described from review of literature and our case, 50% had involvement of vagus nerve as one of the components. 12.5% had hypoglossal and cervical sympathetic plexus involvement each. All patients underwent surgical excision. Half of the patients suffered intraoperative nerve sacrifice with resultant severe functional deficits like vocal cord paralysis, Horners syndrome, hypoglossal palsy, facial palsy and eleventh nerve palsy. In our case, there was un-unusual complication of CSF leak presenting as a cervical neck mass. Multiple extracranial head and neck schwannomas are rare and their management is fraught with several complications. Decision to operate is often perplexing. However, early planned surgical excision and preservation of nerve of origin minimizes the impact on quality of life postoperatively.
PubMed: 37275115
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-022-03460-z -
IDCases 2018We describe an infant with Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection who developed Horner syndrome. The infant had diagnostic confirmation of CHIKV infection by IgM-ELISA...
We describe an infant with Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection who developed Horner syndrome. The infant had diagnostic confirmation of CHIKV infection by IgM-ELISA positive in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, and clinical signs of Horner syndrome. Magnetic resonance angiography showed alterations in the cervical and intra cavernous portions of the internal carotid artery. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of the association of CHIKV infection with Horner syndrome.
PubMed: 30510900
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2018.e00473