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Journal of Interferon & Cytokine... Feb 2012Gammaherpesviruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, human herpesvirus 4) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, human herpesvirus 8) establish lifelong... (Review)
Review
Gammaherpesviruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV, human herpesvirus 4) and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, human herpesvirus 8) establish lifelong infection in the host. To further this lifestyle, they encode homologs of cellular cytokines and cytokine receptors with the overarching goal to escape from or to blunt host antiviral defenses. EBV encodes mimics of human interleukin (hIL)-10 and a G protein-coupled receptor protein with sequence similarity to CXCR, whereas KSHV encodes homologs of hIL-6, 3 CC chemokine ligands, and a G protein-coupled receptor with sequence similarity to IL8 receptor alpha. This review focuses on the EBV IL-10 homolog and the KSHV IL-6 homolog with respect to virus biology and pathogenesis of the virus-associated diseases.
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Molecular Mimicry; Receptors, Interleukin-8; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 22142220
DOI: 10.1089/jir.2011.0083 -
Journal of Medical Virology Feb 2009Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection is present in 22.9% of Tobago men. However, seroprevalence and modes of transmission of HHV-8 among Tobago women are not known....
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) infection is present in 22.9% of Tobago men. However, seroprevalence and modes of transmission of HHV-8 among Tobago women are not known. HHV-8 seropositivity rates in Tobago women were examined and compared rates to Tobago men of similar ages. To assess possible modes of transmission, sexual behavior among Tobago women was examined to determine its association with HHV-8 seropositivity. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 213 Tobago women, ages 18-65 years, who participated in the Tobago Cervical and Oral Cancer Screening Study. HHV-8 seropositivity was determined by a monoclonal immunofluorescence assay. Age-specific rates were compared to those previously observed in men. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between HHV-8 seropositivity and sexual behavior among the women. HHV-8 seroprevalence among Tobago women was 14.1% (95% CI, 10-19%), with no significant difference with men of similar age (P-value = 0.741). Age
8 seropositivity (OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.09-5.78) in women. HHV-8 age-specific rates were similar between genders. Sexual activity may not be a major contributor to HHV-8 infection among Tobago women. Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antibodies, Viral; Cell Line; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Herpesviridae Infections; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Life Style; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Sexual Behavior; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral; Trinidad and Tobago; Young Adult
PubMed: 19107975
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21346 -
Journal of Virology May 2002Herpesvirus entry into cells and herpesvirus-induced cell fusion are related processes in that virus penetration proceeds by fusion of the viral envelope and cell...
Herpesvirus entry into cells and herpesvirus-induced cell fusion are related processes in that virus penetration proceeds by fusion of the viral envelope and cell membrane. To characterize the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) glycoproteins that can mediate cell fusion, a luciferase reporter gene activation assay was used. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing the HHV-8 glycoproteins of interest along with a luciferase reporter gene under the control of the T7 promoter were cocultivated with human cells transfected with T7 RNA polymerase. Because HHV-8 glycoprotein B (gB) expressed in CHO cells localizes to the perinuclear region, a truncated form of gB (designated gB(MUT)) that lacks putative endocytosis signals was constructed by deletion of the distal 58 amino acids of the cytoplasmic tail. HHV-8 gB(MUT) was expressed efficiently on the surface of CHO cells. HHV-8 gB, gH, and gL could mediate the fusion of CHO cells with two different human cell types, embryonic kidney cells and B lymphocytes. Substituting gB(MUT) for gB significantly enhanced the fusion of CHO cells with human embryonic kidney cells but not B lymphocytes. Thus, two human cell types known to be susceptible to HHV-8 entry were also suitable targets for cell fusion induced by HHV-8 gB, gH, and gL. For human embryonic kidney cells and B cells at least, optimal fusion was noted with the expression of all three HHV-8 glycoproteins.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; B-Lymphocytes; CHO Cells; Cell Line; Cricetinae; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Membrane Fusion; Molecular Sequence Data; Transfection; Viral Envelope Proteins
PubMed: 11932406
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.9.4390-4400.2002 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2017
Topics: Bowen's Disease; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Double-Blind Method; Female; Herpesviridae Infections; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Male; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 28366922
DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_179_16 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Nov 2006To investigate the impact of pregnancy on human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) reactivation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected women, the HHV-8 DNA presence...
To investigate the impact of pregnancy on human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) reactivation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected women, the HHV-8 DNA presence and load were analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cervicovaginal secretions (CVSs) from 15 pregnant women coinfected with HIV-1 and HHV-8. HHV-8 detection was analyzed in relation to anti-HHV-8 antibodies and HIV-1-related parameters. Nucleotide sequence analysis of an ORFK1 hypervariable region of the HHV-8 strains was performed. HHV-8 was detected in maternal PBMCs (5/15 women) from the second trimester and in CVSs (5/15 women) mainly from the third trimester. The HHV-8 load significantly increased late in pregnancy in both maternal compartments and was associated with a significant increase in HIV-1 shedding in the genital tract. Antilytic antibodies were significantly more common in HHV-8 DNA-positive women. An elevated HHV-8 load was found in the PBMCs of an infant born to a mother with large amounts of HHV-8 in both compartments at delivery. Different ORFK1 subtypes were found in maternal samples, whereas the same subtype was identified in the mother-child pair. These data suggest that pregnancy may induce HHV-8 replication in HIV-1-infected women. An augmented HHV-8 load may, in turn, influence mother-to-child transmission, since one of the HIV-1-infected mothers with HHV-8 reactivation transmitted her ORFK1 subtype to the infant, who showed a high level of HHV-8 viremia indicative of a primary infection. This finding documents for the first time the perinatal transmission of a specific HHV-8 subtype. Vertical transmission may thus play a role in HHV-8 spread also in areas of subendemicity among HIV-1-infected women.
Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; DNA, Viral; Female; HIV-1; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Molecular Sequence Data; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Virus Activation; Virus Shedding
PubMed: 16943357
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00791-06 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Sep 2012Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the aetiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is rare in...
BACKGROUND
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the aetiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is rare in Australia, but endemic in Sub-Saharan Africa, parts of South-east Asia and Oceania. While the treatment of external KS lesions can be monitored by clinical observation, the internal lesions of KS, MCD and PEL require extensive and expensive internal imaging, or autopsy. In patients with MCD and PEL, if HHV-8 viraemia is not reduced quickly, ~50% die within 24 months. HHV-8 qPCR is a valuable tool for monitoring HHV-8 viraemia, but is not available in many parts of the world, including those with high prevalence of KS and HHV-8.
METHODS
A new molecular facility with stringent three-phase workflow was established, adhering to NPAAC and CLSI guidelines. Three fully validated quantitative assays were developed: two for detection and quantification of HHV-8; one for GAPDH, necessary for normalisation of viral loads in tissue and peripheral blood.
RESULTS
The HHV-8 ORF73 and ORF26 qPCR assays were 100% specific. All qPCR assays, displayed a broad dynamic range (102 to 1010 copies/μL TE Buffer) with a limit of detection of 4.85x103, 5.61x102, and 2.59x102 copies/μL TE Buffer and a limit of quantification of 4.85x103, 3.01x102, and 1.38x102 copies/μL TE Buffer for HHV-8 ORF73, HHV-8 ORF26, and GAPDH respectively.The assays were tested on a panel of 35 KS biopsies from Queensland. All were HHV-8 qPCR positive with average viral load of 2.96x105 HHV-8 copies/μL DNA extract (range: 4.37x103 to 1.47x106 copies/μL DNA extract): When normalised these equate to an average viral load of 2.44x104 HHV-8 copies/103 cells (range: 2.20x102 to 7.38x105 HHV-8 copies/103 cells).
CONCLUSIONS
These are the first fully optimised, validated and MIQE compliant HHV-8 qPCR assays established in Australia. They worked well for qualitative detection of HHV-8 in archival tissue, and are well-suited for quantitative detection in whole blood. They are now available for research, for clinical diagnosis of HHV-8 infection, and for monitoring treatment efficacy.
Topics: Australia; DNA, Viral; Herpesviridae Infections; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Molecular Sequence Data; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Viral Load; Viremia
PubMed: 22963082
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-210 -
Journal of Korean Medical Science Aug 2000Increased incidences of Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoid malignancies have been observed in patients with pemphigus, and the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is very strongly... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Increased incidences of Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoid malignancies have been observed in patients with pemphigus, and the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is very strongly associated with these tumors. Because the virus may be one of the triggering factors of pemphigus, we undertook this study to screen for the presence of HHV-8 in chronic blistering skin diseases including pemphigus. A total of 45 paraffin-embedded specimens were studied using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers to amplify a 160-base pair HHV-8 fragment. HHV-8 DNA could be detected in 7 of 9 patients with pemphigus vulagris, and 1 of 2 with pemphigus foliaceus. All specimens of other blistering skin diseases were negative for HHV-8. On sequencing PCR products, the sequences were almost identical with the prototypic sequence for HHV-8, and a few base- pair substitutions at 1086C-T and 1139A-C were detected. The results of our study suggests that HHV-8 might have trophism for pemphigus lesions. Further studies including comparison of HHV-8 DNA load in both lesional and normal skin in the same patient, serological and animal studies would be helpful to study the relationship between HHV-8 and pemphigus.
Topics: Adult; DNA Mutational Analysis; DNA, Viral; Female; Herpesviridae Infections; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Korea; Male; Middle Aged; Paraffin Embedding; Pemphigus; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous; Skin Diseases, Viral; Tissue Fixation
PubMed: 10983694
DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2000.15.4.442 -
Current Opinion in Virology Oct 2018Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) are the causative agents of several malignancies. Like all herpesviruses, KSHV and EBV... (Review)
Review
Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) are the causative agents of several malignancies. Like all herpesviruses, KSHV and EBV undergo distinct latent and lytic replication programmes. The transition between these states allows the establishment of a lifelong persistent infection, dissemination to sites of disease and the spread to new hosts. Latency-associated viral proteins have been well characterised in transformation and tumourigenesis pathways; however, a number of studies have shown that abrogation of KSHV and EBV lytic gene expression impairs the oncogenesis of several cancers. Furthermore, several lytically expressed proteins have been functionally tethered to the angioproliferative and anti-apoptotic phenotypes of virus-infected cells. As a result, the investigation and therapeutic targeting of KSHV and EBV lytic cycles may be essential for the treatment of their associated malignancies.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Gene Expression; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Mice; Virus Latency; Virus Replication
PubMed: 30268927
DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.08.014 -
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... 1997
Review
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Genome, Viral; Herpesviridae Infections; Herpesvirus 2, Saimiriine; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Male; Rhadinovirus; Sarcoma, Kaposi; Tumor Virus Infections; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 9612713
DOI: No ID Found -
Annales de Biologie Clinique 1999Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) has been found to be associated with three different diseases observed in Aids patients: Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, which is... (Review)
Review
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) has been found to be associated with three different diseases observed in Aids patients: Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, which is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphomas affecting the body cavities, and multicentric Castleman's disease. The role of this new herpesvirus and other lymphoid proliferations, like angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy or multiple myeloma, is much debatable. To date, there are several evidences for a direct role of this virus in the occurrence of the Kaposi's sarcoma, although the hypothesis of a passenger virus hypothesis cannot be totally excluded. In vitro, HHV8 is sensitive to some anti-herpesvirus drugs like foscarnet, cidofovir and adefovir, but the indications of these therapies in the prevention or the treatment of the Kaposi's sarcoma have not been documented so far.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Castleman Disease; Herpesviridae Infections; Herpesvirus 8, Human; Humans; Lymphoma, AIDS-Related; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Sarcoma, Kaposi
PubMed: 9920963
DOI: No ID Found