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Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Nov 2020
Topics: Humans; Hyoid Bone; Male; Middle Aged; Ossification, Heterotopic; Temporal Bone; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32466732
DOI: 10.1177/0145561320930059 -
Head & Face Medicine Sep 2022Previous studies have reported inconsistent effects of premolar extraction on the oropharynx and hyoid bones. Currently, no strong evidence is available regarding the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have reported inconsistent effects of premolar extraction on the oropharynx and hyoid bones. Currently, no strong evidence is available regarding the effect of extraction on upper airway size. Hence, the aim of this study was to analyse the effects of first premolar extraction on the oropharynx and hyoid bone positions in female adult patients, and further explored differences in oropharynx and hyoid bone changes among skeletal patterns.
METHODS
The study population included 40 female adult patients who did not undergo extraction and 120 female adult patients who underwent extraction of four premolars; the including patients had four distinct sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns. Cone-beam computed tomography was performed before (T0) and after (T1) orthodontic treatment. Eight oropharynx variables and five hyoid bone variables were measured using Dolphin 3D Imaging software. Paired and independent t-tests were used to analyse measurements between timepoints and groups, respectively.
RESULTS
The oropharynx volume increased significantly in the extraction group; changes did not differ significantly between extraction and non-extraction groups. Oropharynx variables did not differ significantly at T0 among the four skeletal pattern groups. After orthodontic extraction treatment, the oropharynx volume increased significantly in the class I-norm and class I-hyper subgroups, but not in the class II-norm and class II-hyper subgroups. Significant increases were observed in the oropharynx volume and most constricted axial area from T0 to T1 in the moderate retraction group, but not in the maximum retraction group. Extraction patients exhibited significant posterior movement of the hyoid, particularly among maximum retraction patients.
CONCLUSIONS
In female adult patients, first premolar extraction tends to increase the oropharynx size and cause posterior movement of the hyoid bone, particularly in skeletal class I patients. For skeletal class II and hyperdivergent patients with a narrow oropharynx, first premolar extraction does not negatively influence oropharynx size or hyoid bone position. The differences of oropharyngeal changes between moderate retraction patients and maximum retraction patients were not significant.
Topics: Adult; Bicuspid; Bone and Bones; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Female; Humans; Hyoid Bone; Oropharynx; Retrospective Studies; Tooth Extraction
PubMed: 36064714
DOI: 10.1186/s13005-022-00334-1 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Sep 2021The hyoid bone and the hyomandibular complex subserve the functions of respiration, deglutition, and speech. This study quantified the growth of the hyoid bone and the...
The hyoid bone and the hyomandibular complex subserve the functions of respiration, deglutition, and speech. This study quantified the growth of the hyoid bone and the hyomandibular relationships in males and females from birth to 19 years. Using 97 computed tomography (CT) scans, from a previous study (Kelly et al., 2017) on mandibular growth from 49 individuals (16 with longitudinal scans), landmarks were placed on 3D CT models and used to calculate four distance, and three angular measurements. A general increase in growth trend was observed in hyoid bone linear measurements-length, width, and depth-as well as relational mandible-to-hyoid distance, throughout the developmental ages examined in both males and females, with most variables having larger measurements for females up to age 10 years. A general decrease in all three angular measurements was observed in both males and females up to approximately age 12 years, at which time male angular measurements gradually increased with significant sexual dimorphism emerging after age 15 years. As expected, postpubertal males had greater hyoid angle than females; they also had greater hyoid angle of inclination than mandible body inclination (with inclination relative to the anterior-posterior nasal plane), likely related to hyo-laryngeal descent. This study contributes to normative data on hyoid bone and hyomandibular relational growth in typically developing individuals and provides a baseline against which structural and functional influences on anatomic growth may be examined by clinical disciplines that address the aerodigestive and speech functions, as well as the fields of anatomy, forensics, and anthropology.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Hyoid Bone; Male; Mandible; Sex Characteristics; Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33580633
DOI: 10.1002/ar.24594 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2021The aim was to determine the variations in the level of origin of carotid bifurcation and diameters of the common, internal, and external carotid arteries which is...
The aim was to determine the variations in the level of origin of carotid bifurcation and diameters of the common, internal, and external carotid arteries which is clinically important for several interventional procedures. Therefore, 165 human embalmed corpses were dissected. The data collected were analyzed using the Chi square-test and the Pearson correlation test. The results of previous studies have been reviewed. In relation to the level of the carotid bifurcation, taking as a reference point the hyoid bone, the values ranged from 4 cm below the hyoid body to 2.5 cm above the body of the hyoid, being the average height-0.33 cm, with a standard deviation of 1.19 cm. The right carotid bifurcation was established at a higher level (x = - 0.19 cm.) than the left one (x = - 0.48 cm.) (p = 0.046). On the contrary, no significant gender differences could be observed. The arterial calibres of the common and internal carotid arteries were higher in male than female. In the internal carotid artery (X = 0.76 cm.), the left was greater than the right (X = 0.72 cm.) (P = 0.047). However, no differences in the distribution of the calibre of the external carotid artery were found neither by side nor gender. Variations in the level of bifurcation and calibres of carotid arteries are relevant for interventional radiology procedures and head and neck surgeries. Knowledge of these anatomical references might help clinicians in the interpretation of the carotid system.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Artery, External; Carotid Artery, Internal; Female; Humans; Hyoid Bone; Male; Middle Aged; Neck; Tissue Donors
PubMed: 34226652
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93397-0 -
Pain Research & Management 2021To assess the differences in hyoid bone position in patients with and without temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis (TMJOA).
OBJECTIVE
To assess the differences in hyoid bone position in patients with and without temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis (TMJOA).
METHODS
The present cross-sectional study was conducted in 427 participants whose osseous status was evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography and classified into normal, indeterminate osteoarthrosis (OA), and OA. The hyoid bone position and craniofacial characteristics were evaluated using cephalograms. Patients were divided into the normal group ( = 89), indeterminate OA group ( = 182), and OA group ( = 156). Descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, and age- and sex-based stratified analyses were performed. < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
The differences in Hy to MP, Hy-RGn, Hy to C3-RGn, C3-RGn, and Go-Hy-Me among the three groups were statistically significant. The differences in the Frankfort-mandibular plane angle, saddle angle, articular angle, gonial angle, ramus height, and posterior facial height were statistically significant. After adjusting age and sex, the Hy-RGn and C3-RGn in the normal group were significantly greater than the OA group. No statistical differences were observed in the hyoid measurements in the stratified analyses in males or subjects less than 18 years old. The differences in Hy to MP, Hy to C3-RGn, and Go-Hy-Me in female patients among the three groups were statistically significant. The differences in Hy to SN, Hy to FH, Hy to PP, Hy to MP, Hy-RGn, Hy-C3, Hy to C3-RGn, Go-Hy-Me, Hy-S, and C3-Hy-S in adults were statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
The differences in the hyoid bone position, mainly relative to the mandible, were statistically significant in patients with or without TMJOA. The difference pattern varied among different age and sex groups. Clinical evaluation of the hyoid position must consider the age and sex of patients. Longitudinal studies are required to clarify the causal relationship between TMJOA and hyoid bone position.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hyoid Bone; Male; Osteoarthritis; Temporomandibular Joint
PubMed: 34931131
DOI: 10.1155/2021/4852683 -
Acta Medica Academica Dec 2023To understand the nomenclature of the hyoid bone.
OBJECTIVES
To understand the nomenclature of the hyoid bone.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Hyoid, a small bone of the neck, is a bony part that is rather difficult to unearth and discover among skeletal remains.
RESULTS
The named was coined by the ancient Greeks, along with its anatomic description. Galen (2nd - 3rd c. AD) and Theophilus Protospatharius (7th century AD), facing religious and social barriers, succeeded in presenting its anatomy and suggesting its probable function in speech and swallowing, regarding the bone as a muscle pillar of the neck area.
CONCLUSION
Authorities of Hellenic antiquity surprise us with their accuracy and the resilience of their anatomical descriptions.
Topics: Humans; Hyoid Bone; Greece, Ancient
PubMed: 38205642
DOI: 10.5644/ama2006-124.419 -
BMC Pulmonary Medicine Sep 2022The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between hyoid bone position and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to investigate its value as a...
BACKGROUND
The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between hyoid bone position and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to investigate its value as a complementary diagnostic method.
METHODS
A total of 133 patients who were diagnosed as OSA with an apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 5 were included. Clinical examination, level I polysomnography (PSG) and lateral cephalographic analysis were done. Comprehensive PSG characteristics were compared according to hyoid bone position and the predictive power of the distance between the mandible and hyoid was assessed.
RESULTS
The distance between the hyoid bone and mandibular plane was significantly longer in the severe OSA group (p = 0.013). The distance from hyoid bone to third vertebrae (C3) and hyoid bone to mentum were also longer in the severe OSA group but the difference did not reach statistical significance. The distance between hyoid bone and mandibular plane was effective in predicting severe OSA, with a cut-off value of 19.45 mm (AUC = 0.623, p = 0.040). When grouped according to a distance cut-off value of 19.45 mm, those with a longer distance between the hyoid bone and mandibular plane showed more respiratory disturbance, lower oxygen saturation levels, less deep slow wave sleep, and more fragmented sleep with arousals.
CONCLUSIONS
The distance between the hyoid bone and mandibular plane derived from cephalometric analysis can be a valuable diagnostic parameter that can be easily applied in differentiating severe OSA patients.
Topics: Cephalometry; Humans; Hyoid Bone; Polysomnography; Radiography; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
PubMed: 36114522
DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02146-0 -
Folia Morphologica 2022The aim of the study was to determine sex and age from hyoid bone morphology on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
BACKGROUND
The aim of the study was to determine sex and age from hyoid bone morphology on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study sample comprised 130 CBCT images. Eight different measurements were performed for each hyoid bone. Fusion conditions were assigned to each side of the hyoid bone separately as; unfused, partially fused, and totally fused.
RESULTS
The hyoid length, width of the left proximal end and stature variables showed sexual dimorphism in all hyoid fusion types (p < 0.05). In young adult age group, a significant difference was found between sex and fusion types (p = 0.025). The body length (81.35%) and stature measurements (76.25%) contributed most significantly to sex estimation.
CONCLUSIONS
Patient's CBCT scans which enable reproducible and reliable measurements for bone tissues can be used for forensic procedures. Hyoid bone measurements with CBCT are useful methodology for age and sex estimation in forensic sciences with high predictive accuracy.
Topics: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Humans; Hyoid Bone; Young Adult
PubMed: 34018175
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2021.0051 -
International Journal of Pediatric... Sep 2022We reported the free hyoid bone reconstruction of the cricoid cartilage to treat LTS in children. This retrospective case series study included LTS children who... (Review)
Review
We reported the free hyoid bone reconstruction of the cricoid cartilage to treat LTS in children. This retrospective case series study included LTS children who underwent hyoid bone separation and T tube implantation. Thirty-four children were included. Twenty-five children were with good outcomes after free hyoid bone reconstruction of the cricoid cartilage. Specifically, the cure rate was 92.8% for the children with mixed stenosis, followed by 63.6% in children with glottis stenosis and 55.6% in children with subglottic stenosis. Free hyoid bone reconstruction of the cricoid cartilage for the management of LTS is feasible, with good outcomes and few complications.
Topics: Child; Constriction, Pathologic; Cricoid Cartilage; Humans; Hyoid Bone; Laryngostenosis; Neck Injuries; Retrospective Studies; Tracheal Stenosis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35797923
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111227 -
Forensic Science, Medicine, and... Jun 2016The hyoid bone supports the important functions of swallowing and speech. At birth, the hyoid bone consists of a central body and pairs of right and left lesser and...
The hyoid bone supports the important functions of swallowing and speech. At birth, the hyoid bone consists of a central body and pairs of right and left lesser and greater cornua. Fusion of the greater cornua with the body normally occurs in adulthood, but may not occur at all in some individuals. The aim of this study was to quantify hyoid bone fusion across the lifespan, as well as assess developmental changes in hyoid bone density. Using a computed tomography imaging studies database, 136 hyoid bones (66 male, 70 female, ages 1-to-94) were examined. Fusion was ranked on each side and hyoid bones were classified into one of four fusion categories based on their bilateral ranks: bilateral distant non-fusion, bilateral non-fusion, partial or unilateral fusion, and bilateral fusion. Three-dimensional hyoid bone models were created and used to calculate bone density in Hounsfield units. Results showed a wide range of variability in the timing and degree of hyoid bone fusion, with a trend for bilateral non-fusion to decrease after age 20. Hyoid bone density was significantly lower in adult female scans than adult male scans and decreased with age in adulthood. In sex and age estimation models, bone density was a significant predictor of sex. Both fusion category and bone density were significant predictors of age group for adult females. This study provides a developmental baseline for understanding hyoid bone fusion and bone density in typically developing individuals. Findings have implications for the disciplines of forensics, anatomy, speech pathology, and anthropology.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Determination by Skeleton; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Density; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Forensic Anthropology; Humans; Hyoid Bone; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Osteogenesis; Sex Determination by Skeleton; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 27114259
DOI: 10.1007/s12024-016-9769-x