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British Medical Journal (Clinical... Apr 1983One hundred and thirty seven previously untreated out-patients with first and second degree haemorrhoids were allocated at random to treatment by infrared coagulation... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
One hundred and thirty seven previously untreated out-patients with first and second degree haemorrhoids were allocated at random to treatment by infrared coagulation (n=66) or rubber band ligation (n=71). Complete follow up was obtained in 122 patients (60 who had undergone infrared coagulation (group 1), and 62 rubber band ligation (group 2)) at periods from three months to one year after completion of treatment. Infrared coagulation produced a satisfactory outcome in 51 patients (85%): 34 were rendered asymptomatic and 17 improved. Rubber band ligation produced a satisfactory outcome in 57 patients (92%): 33 were rendered asymptomatic and 24 improved. Both methods were equally effective in first and second degree haemorrhoids. The incidence of side effects, particularly discomfort, during and after treatment was significantly higher in those treated by rubber band ligation (p less than 0.001). This appeared to be an appreciable deterrent to future patient compliance. The number of patients losing more than 24 hours from work was higher after rubber band ligation than after infrared coagulation. The number of treatments necessary to cure symptoms did not differ significantly between the two methods. Infrared coagulation was significantly faster than rubber band ligation (p less than 0.001). Infrared coagulation is a simple, fast, and effective outpatient method for the treatment of first and second degree haemorrhoids with fewer troublesome side effects and higher patient acceptability than rubber band ligation.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Hemorrhoids; Humans; Infrared Rays; Ligation; Light Coagulation; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Random Allocation
PubMed: 6404471
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.286.6375.1387 -
Theranostics 2013Due to their tunable surface plasmon and photothermal effects, gold nanorods (AuNRs) have proved to be promising in a wide range of biomedical applications such as... (Review)
Review
Due to their tunable surface plasmon and photothermal effects, gold nanorods (AuNRs) have proved to be promising in a wide range of biomedical applications such as imaging, hyperthermia therapy and drug delivery. All these applications can be remotely controlled by near infrared (NIR) light which can penetrate deep into human tissues with minimal lateral invasion. AuNRs thus hold the potential to combine both imaging diagnosis and therapeutic treatment into one single system and function as a NIR light-mediated theranostic platform. Herein we review recent progress in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of AuNRs with a highlight on combined applications for theranostic purposes.
Topics: Diagnostic Imaging; Drug Carriers; Gold; Humans; Infrared Rays; Nanotubes
PubMed: 23471510
DOI: 10.7150/thno.5409 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Aug 2022A two-step sequential phosphorescence harvesting system with ultralarge Stokes shift and near-infrared (NIR) emission at 825 nm is successfully constructed by racemic...
A two-step sequential phosphorescence harvesting system with ultralarge Stokes shift and near-infrared (NIR) emission at 825 nm is successfully constructed by racemic 1,2-diaminocyclohexan-derived 6-bromoisoquinoline (BQ), cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), and amphipathic sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC4AD) via cascaded assembly strategy in aqueous solution. In virtue of the confinement effect of CB[8] with rigid cavity, BQ can generate an emerging phosphorescent emission at 555 nm. Subsequently, the binary BQ⊂CB[8] further assemblies with SC4AD to form close-packed spherical aggregate, which contributes to the dramatic enhancement of phosphorescence emission intensity ≈30 times with prolonged lifetime from 21.3 µs to 0.364 ms. Notably, the BQ⊂CB[8]@SC4AD assembly can serve as an energy donor to conduct stepwise phosphorescence harvesting process through successive introduction of primary acceptors, cyanine 5 (Cy5) or nile blue (NiB), and secondary acceptor, heptamethine cyanine (IR780). The final aggregate with remarkable ultralarge Stokes shift (≈525 nm) and long-lived NIR photoluminescence (PL) emission at 825 nm is further employed as imaging agent for NIR cell labeling.
Topics: Infrared Rays; Radiation
PubMed: 35652258
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201523 -
Proceedings of the Japan Academy.... 2019Since the new era of infrared astronomy was opened by the Two Micron Sky Survey by Neugebauer et al. in the early 1960s, about a half century has passed. During this... (Review)
Review
Since the new era of infrared astronomy was opened by the Two Micron Sky Survey by Neugebauer et al. in the early 1960s, about a half century has passed. During this time, observations have expanded rapidly and widely, to almost every field of astronomy, to reveal new perspectives on the universe. As a result, infrared astronomy has become one of the major branches of astronomy, along with optical, radio, X-ray as well as high-energy particle astronomy. In Japan, we started our infrared astronomical activities at a rather early time, under relatively poor technical and environmental conditions, and using somewhat unconventional methods to overcome these difficulties. Here, a brief survey is presented of developments concerning infrared astronomy during the past half century, while mainly recollecting our footprints in the stream of world activities.
Topics: Astronomical Phenomena; Astronomy; Humans; Infrared Rays; Japan; Optical Devices; Spacecraft; Telescopes
PubMed: 31708495
DOI: 10.2183/pjab.95.035 -
Poultry Science Oct 2019This research examined how infrared beak treatment (IRBT), sloughing of the treated beak tissue, and the variations in beak shape that can occur post-IRBT impact the...
This research examined how infrared beak treatment (IRBT), sloughing of the treated beak tissue, and the variations in beak shape that can occur post-IRBT impact the welfare and mortality of Lohmann LSL-Lite (LW) and Lohmann Brown (LB) pullets and hens. Two experiments were conducted and birds for both experiments were treated on the day of hatch. IRBT equipment settings were adjusted to create 4 specific beak shapes: shovel (SHV), step (STP), standard (STAN), and an untreated sham control (C). Experiment 1 pullets (n = 80 per strain) were reared in bioassay cages from 1 to 29 D of age (4 replicates per treatment). Data collected included time and presence of beak sloughing, pecking force, behavioral expression, and mortality. Experiment 2 pullets (n = 320 per strain) were reared in floor pens from 1 D to 18 wk of age (2 replicates per treatment) and then conventional cages from 18 to 60 wk of age (6 replicates per treatment). Data collected for Experiment 2 included behavioral expression, feather cover, comb damage, and mortality. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED (SAS® 9.4) with Tukey's test to separate means. Differences were significant when P ≤ 0.05. IRBT and sloughing had no effect on pecking force or mortality throughout rearing. The variations in post-IRBT beak shape had minor effects on behavior. During rearing, STAN pullets were more active than C pullets but STP and STAN pullets performed less exploratory pecking. During the laying period, SHV and STP hens preened more than C hens. The IRBT treatments, regardless of beak shape, reduced feather loss, comb damage, and cannibalism-related mortality during the laying period. Overall, the results indicate that LW and LB pullets and hens can cope with the change in beak shape that occurs with IRBT, and that welfare is not negatively impacted if some variation in beak shape occurs.
Topics: Aggression; Animal Husbandry; Animal Welfare; Animals; Beak; Cannibalism; Chickens; Eating; Female; Infrared Rays; Random Allocation
PubMed: 31073593
DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez274 -
Critical Care (London, England) Jun 2016Infrared pupillometry was introduced in 1962 but portable instruments that use this technology have only recently become available in the hospital setting. Questions...
Infrared pupillometry was introduced in 1962 but portable instruments that use this technology have only recently become available in the hospital setting. Questions surrounding the accuracy of these instruments have been addressed by documenting the inter-observer agreement on pupillary measurements and also by comparisons with standard pen-light examinations. The following commentary summarizes the development of these devices and provides a wider perspective on how the pupil and its reflexes might be used in providing care for patients with critical illness.
Topics: Equipment Design; Humans; Infrared Rays; Reflex, Pupillary; Weights and Measures
PubMed: 27329287
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1349-7 -
Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 2008To compare the results of rubber band ligation and infrared photocoagulation for the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease through the analysis of the incidence of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
To compare the results of rubber band ligation and infrared photocoagulation for the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease through the analysis of the incidence of complications after each treatment and respective success rate.
METHODS
Forty-eight patients with first, second or third degree hemorrhoidal disease were randomized to receive treatment with either rubber band ligation (n=23) or infrared photocoagulation (n=25). Each patient was assessed at 1 week and 4 week intervals after treatment. We compared the incidence of complications and efficiency of each treatment modality and Qui-square, Fisher's Exact Test and Student's t Test were used to statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Bleeding occured in eight (34,7%) patients treated with rubber band ligation and in four (16,0%) after infrared photocoagulation (p=0,243). Thirteen (52,0%) patients felt pain during infrared photocoagulation and 9 (39,1%) after rubber band ligation (p=0,546). After rubber band ligation, 14 (60,8%) required medication for pain relief. One patient (4,0%) required medication after infrared photocoagulation (p<0,001). Three (13,0%) patients treated with rubber band ligator and 1 (4,0%) treated with infrared photocoagulation had symptomatic mucosal ulcers. Perianal dermatitis occured in two (8,0%) patients treated with infrared photocoagulation and one patient (4,3%) was observed to have prolapsed thrombosed piles after rubber band ligation. One month after treatment, 17 of 23 patients treated with rubber band ligation (73,9%) and 18 of 25 patients treated with infrared photocoagulation were asymptomatic. Rubber band ligation treated bleeding and prolapse in 90,0% and 82,4% respectively. Infrared photocoagulation treats bleeding and prolapse in 93,7% and 87,5% respectively. Those differences are not significant.
CONCLUSION
Rubber band ligation causes significantly more pain than infrared photocoagulation during the first week after the procedures and their success rate are not different after four weeks of treatment.
Topics: Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hemorrhoids; Humans; Infrared Rays; Ligation; Light Coagulation; Male; Middle Aged; Pain; Pain Measurement; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 18278400
DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502008000100016 -
The Journal of Physiology Mar 2011
Review
Topics: Animals; Batrachoidiformes; Female; Infrared Rays; Lasers; Male; Photic Stimulation; Semicircular Ducts
PubMed: 21486849
DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.206763 -
Science Advances Jun 2017Rising global temperatures are causing increases in the frequency and severity of extreme climatic events, such as floods, droughts, and heat waves. We analyze changes...
Rising global temperatures are causing increases in the frequency and severity of extreme climatic events, such as floods, droughts, and heat waves. We analyze changes in summer temperatures, the frequency, severity, and duration of heat waves, and heat-related mortality in India between 1960 and 2009 using data from the India Meteorological Department. Mean temperatures across India have risen by more than 0.5°C over this period, with statistically significant increases in heat waves. Using a novel probabilistic model, we further show that the increase in summer mean temperatures in India over this period corresponds to a 146% increase in the probability of heat-related mortality events of more than 100 people. In turn, our results suggest that future climate warming will lead to substantial increases in heat-related mortality, particularly in developing low-latitude countries, such as India, where heat waves will become more frequent and populations are especially vulnerable to these extreme temperatures. Our findings indicate that even moderate increases in mean temperatures may cause great increases in heat-related mortality and support the efforts of governments and international organizations to build up the resilience of these vulnerable regions to more severe heat waves.
Topics: Algorithms; Climate; Hot Temperature; Humans; India; Infrared Rays; Models, Theoretical; Mortality
PubMed: 28630921
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700066 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) 2010We have developed novel single-photon detectors in the 10-50 μm wavelength region. The detectors are charge-sensitive infrared phototransistors (CSIPs) fabricated in... (Review)
Review
We have developed novel single-photon detectors in the 10-50 μm wavelength region. The detectors are charge-sensitive infrared phototransistors (CSIPs) fabricated in GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum well (QW) structures, in which a photo-generated hole (+e) in the floating gate (upper QW) modulates the conductance of a capacitively-coupled channel located underneath (lower QW). The excellent noise equivalent power (NEP = 8.3 × 10(-19) W/Hz(1/2)) and specific detectivity (D(*) = 8 × 10(14) cm Hz(1/2)/W) are demonstrated for 15 micron detection up to 23 K, which are by a few orders of magnitude better than those of other state-of-the-art high-sensitivity detectors. The dynamic range exceeds 10(6) (~aW to pW) by repeatedly resetting the accumulated holes in the upper QW. Simple device structure makes the detectors feasible for array fabrication: Furthermore, monolithic integration with reading circuits will be possible.
Topics: Infrared Rays; Sensitivity and Specificity; Terahertz Imaging; Terahertz Radiation; Terahertz Spectroscopy
PubMed: 22163662
DOI: 10.3390/s100908411