-
Arthritis Research 2000Fibroblast-like cells in the synovial lining (type B lining cells), stroma and pannus tissue are targeted by many signals, such as the following: ligands binding to cell... (Review)
Review
Fibroblast-like cells in the synovial lining (type B lining cells), stroma and pannus tissue are targeted by many signals, such as the following: ligands binding to cell surface receptors; lipid soluble, small molecular weight mediators (eg nitric oxide [NO], prostaglandins, carbon monoxide); extracellular matrix (ECM)-cell interactions; and direct cell-cell contacts, including gap junctional intercellular communication. Joints are subjected to cyclic mechanical loading and shear forces. Adherence and mechanical forces affect fibroblasts via the ECM (including the hyaluronan fluid phase matrix) and the pericellular matrix (eg extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer [EMMPRIN]) matrices, thus modulating fibroblast migration, adherence, proliferation, programmed cell death (including anoikis), synthesis or degradation of ECM, and production of various cytokines and other mediators [1]. Aggressive, transformed or transfected mesenchymal cells containing proto-oncogenes can act in the absence of lymphocytes, but whether these cells represent regressed fibroblasts, chondrocytes or bone marrow stem cells is unclear.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis; Cell Communication; Fibroblasts; Humans; Signal Transduction; Synovial Membrane
PubMed: 11094447
DOI: 10.1186/ar111 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Mar 2022Microinstability of the hip joint is a proposed cause of hip pain and reduced function in young individuals. The underlying mechanism is thought to be extraphysiological...
BACKGROUND
Microinstability of the hip joint is a proposed cause of hip pain and reduced function in young individuals. The underlying mechanism is thought to be extraphysiological hip motion due to bony deficiency and/or soft tissue deficiency or decreased soft tissue function. Recently, the condition has gained increased attention, and despite the fact that treatment today includes both non-surgical and surgical approaches, there is limited evidence on diagnostic specificity and treatment effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical outcomes of both non-surgical and surgical treatment for microinstability of the hip joint.
METHODS
A multicenter prospective cohort study is planned to evaluating the outcome of physical therapy aimed at stabilizing the hip joint, as well as arthroscopic plication of the hip joint capsule, if the physical therapy fails. Outcomes will be evaluated using hip-specific patient-reported outcome measures: the short version of the International Hip Outcome Tool and the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score, strength and function tests, health-related quality of life as determined using the European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions and the European Quality of Life-Visual Analog Scale, sports activity levels according to the Hip Sport Activity Scale, and reported complications. Patients will be evaluated at 6, 12 and 24 months after each treatment.
DISCUSSION
It is important to evaluate the clinical outcomes of both non-surgical and surgical treatment for suspected microinstability of the hip joint, and the planned prospective evaluation will contribute to the understanding of non-surgical as well as surgical treatment outcomes, including complications.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04934462 . Registered June 22 2021.
Topics: Arthroscopy; Hip Joint; Humans; Joint Capsule; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35361185
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05269-x -
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related... Dec 2012Joint-preserving hip surgery, either arthroscopic or open, increasingly is used for the treatment of symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). As a consequence of...
BACKGROUND
Joint-preserving hip surgery, either arthroscopic or open, increasingly is used for the treatment of symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). As a consequence of surgery, thickening of the joint capsule and intraarticular adhesions between the labrum and joint capsule and between the femoral neck and the joint capsule have been observed. These alterations are believed to cause persistent pain and reduced range of motion. Because the diagnosis is made with MR arthrography, knowledge of the normal capsular anatomy and thickness on MRI in patients is important. To date there is no such information available.
QUESTIONS/PURPOSES
The purpose of this study was to establish thickness, length of the hip capsule, and the size of the perilabral recess in patients with FAI.
METHODS
We reviewed the preoperative MR arthrography of 30 patients (15 men) with clinical symptoms of FAI. We measured capsular thickness and made observations on the perilabral recess.
RESULTS
The joint capsule was thickest (6 mm) anterosuperiorly between 1 and 2 o'clock. The average length from the femoral head-neck junction to the femoral insertion of the capsule ranged from 19 to 33 mm. A perilabral recess was present circumferentially, even across the acetabular notch, where the labrum is supported by the transverse acetabular ligament. The shortest recess occurred superiorly.
CONCLUSIONS
Knowledge of the capsular anatomy in patients with FAI before surgery is important to judge the postoperative changes and to plan potential further therapy including arthroscopic treatment of intraarticular adhesions.
Topics: Adult; Arthrography; Female; Femoracetabular Impingement; Hip Joint; Humans; Joint Capsule; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Sex Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 22810156
DOI: 10.1007/s11999-012-2485-2 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Jan 2024The hip joint capsule is an essential component of hip joint function and stability, and its thickness is closely associated with certain medical conditions, surgical...
BACKGROUND
The hip joint capsule is an essential component of hip joint function and stability, and its thickness is closely associated with certain medical conditions, surgical outcomes, and rehabilitation treatments. Currently, in clinical practice, hip joint capsule thickness is predominantly measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with limited utilization of ultrasound examinations for this purpose.
METHODS
We retrospectively evaluated patients who visited our Sports Medicine Department between February 2017 and March 2023 and underwent both hip joint MRI and ultrasound imaging on the same side. All patients had undergone preoperative hip joint MRI and ultrasound examinations, with the time gap between the two examinations not exceeding three months. Measurements of hip joint capsule thickness were taken on both MRI and ultrasound images for the same patients to analyze their consistency. Additionally, we measured the alpha angle, lateral center-edge angle, acetabular anteversion angle, and femoral anteversion angle of the patients' hip joints and analyzed their correlation with hip joint capsule thickness measure by ultrasound.
RESULTS
A total of 307 patients were included in this study, with hip joint capsule thickness measured by MRI and ultrasound being 5.0 ± 1.2 mm and 5.0 ± 1.5 mm, respectively. The Bland-Altman analysis demonstrates good agreement or consistency. The paired t-test resulted in a p-value of 0.708, indicating no significant statistical difference between the two methods. The correlation analysis between acetabular anteversion angle and ultrasound-measured capsule thickness yielded a p-value of 0.043, indicating acetabular anteversion angle and capsular thickness may have negative correlation.
CONCLUSIONS
The measurements of joint capsule thickness obtained through ultrasound and MRI showed good consistency, suggesting that ultrasound can be used in clinical practice as a replacement for MRI in measuring hip joint capsule thickness. There was a significant correlation between acetabular anteversion angle and hip joint capsule thickness, indicating potential for further research in this area.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Hip Joint; Acetabulum; Joint Capsule; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 38287387
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07228-0 -
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Apr 2019Adhesive capsulitis (AC) is a disabling and poorly understood pathological condition of the shoulder joint. The current study aims to increase our understanding of the...
BACKGROUND
Adhesive capsulitis (AC) is a disabling and poorly understood pathological condition of the shoulder joint. The current study aims to increase our understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical outcomes of people with AC by investigating: 1) transcriptome-wide alterations in gene expression of the glenohumeral joint capsule in people with AC compared to people with non-inflammatory shoulder instability (controls); 2) serum and urine biomarkers to better understand diagnosis and staging of AC; and 3) clinical outcomes in people with AC compared to controls 12-months following arthroscopic capsular release or labral repair respectively.
METHODS
The study is a prospective multi-centre longitudinal study investigating people undergoing arthroscopic capsulotomy for AC compared to people undergoing arthroscopic stabilization for shoulder instability. Tissue samples collected from the anterior glenohumeral joint capsule during surgery will undergo RNA-seq to determine differences in gene expression between the study groups. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis will be used to further understand the pathogenesis of AC as well as guide serum and urine biomarker analysis. Clinical outcomes regarding pain, function and quality of life will be assessed using the Oxford Shoulder Score, Oxford Shoulder Instability Score, Quick DASH, American Shoulder and Elbow Society Score, EQ-5D-5 L and active shoulder range of movement. Clinical outcomes will be collected pre-operatively and 12-months post-operatively and study groups will be compared for statistically significant differences using linear regression, adjusting for baseline demographic variables.
DISCUSSION
This study will provide much needed information regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis and staging of AC. It will evaluate clinical outcomes for people undergoing arthroscopic release of AC by comparing this group to people undergoing arthroscopic surgery for shoulder instability.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
ACTRN12618000431224 , retrospectively registered 26 March 2018.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arthroscopy; Biomarkers; Bursitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Joint Capsule; Joint Instability; Male; Middle Aged; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Observational Studies as Topic; Postoperative Period; Preoperative Period; Range of Motion, Articular; Shoulder Joint; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 30953551
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2536-x -
Journal of Orthopaedic Research :... Sep 2017The purpose of this study was to examine the time-dependent changes in the development of joint capsule fibrosis and in the number of myofibroblasts in the joint capsule...
The purpose of this study was to examine the time-dependent changes in the development of joint capsule fibrosis and in the number of myofibroblasts in the joint capsule after immobilization, using a rat knee contracture model. Both knee joints were fixed in full flexion for 1, 2, and 4 weeks (immobilization group). Untreated rats were bred for each immobilization period (control group). Histological analysis was performed to evaluate changes in the amount and density of collagen in the joint capsule. The changes in type I and III collagen mRNA were examined by in situ hybridization. The number of myofibroblasts in the joint capsule was assessed by immunohistochemical methods. In the immobilization group, the amount of collagen increased within 1 week and the density of collagen increased within 2 weeks, as compared with that in the control group. Type I collagen mRNA-positive cell numbers in the immobilization group increased at all time points. However, type III collagen mRNA-positive cell numbers did not increase. Myofibroblasts in the immobilization group significantly increased compared with those in the control group at all time points, and they increased significantly with the period of immobilization. These results suggest that joint capsule fibrosis with overexpression of type I collagen occurs and progresses within 1 week after immobilization, and an increase in myofibroblasts is related to the mechanism of joint capsule fibrosis. The findings suggest the need for a treatment targeting accumulation of type I collagen associated with an increase in myofibroblasts. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1998-2006, 2017.
Topics: Animals; Collagen; Contracture; Disease Models, Animal; Fibrosis; Immobilization; Joint Capsule; Male; Myofibroblasts; Range of Motion, Articular; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 27918117
DOI: 10.1002/jor.23498 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2013Peri-articular histiocytic sarcoma (PAHS) occurs in dogs, including Bernese Mountain Dogs (BMD). An etiologic relationship with previous joint disease has not been...
BACKGROUND
Peri-articular histiocytic sarcoma (PAHS) occurs in dogs, including Bernese Mountain Dogs (BMD). An etiologic relationship with previous joint disease has not been documented.
HYPOTHESIS
Peri-articular histiocytic sarcoma in BMD will be more frequently encountered around previously diseased joints compared with normal joints.
ANIMALS
920 European BMD.
METHODS
A retrospective study, in which data were obtained through an Internet questionnaire and from 2 veterinary pathology laboratories. Archived samples of hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining diagnosed PAHS and synovial cell sarcoma (SCS) were immunolabeled with CD18 and pancytokeratin. Descriptive, comparative, and actuarial statistics comprise the data analysis.
RESULTS
All primary synovial tumors were identified as PAHS based on their morphology, positive CD18, and negative pancytokeratin labeling. Joint disease was diagnosed in 226 BMD, of which 15 developed PAHS in a previously diseased joint and 3 in a nondiseased joint. Of the remaining 694 BMD without joint disease, 9 developed PAHS. The odds ratio for a dog with previous joint disease developing PAHS is calculated as 5.4 (95% CI: 2.3-12.5; P < .0001) compared with no previous joint problem. A significant association between previous joint disease and PAHS in the same joint was demonstrated for the left elbow (P = .016), right elbow (P = .006), right shoulder (P = .047), left and right stifle (P < .001), and left carpal joint (P = .010).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
The results of this study suggest a relation between previous joint disease and the development of PAHS in the same joint of European BMD. Owners of BMD should monitor dogs for peri-articular swellings, particularly around previously diseased joints.
Topics: Animals; Chi-Square Distribution; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Histocytochemistry; Joint Capsule; Joint Diseases; Male; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 23458888
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12059 -
Molecular Pain Aug 2010Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels are important membrane sensors on peripheral nerve endings and on supportive non-neuronal synoviocytes in the...
BACKGROUND
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels are important membrane sensors on peripheral nerve endings and on supportive non-neuronal synoviocytes in the knee joint. TRPV 1 ion channels respond with activation of calcium and sodium fluxes to pH, thermal, chemical, osmotic, mechanical and other stimuli abundant in inflamed joints. In the present study, the kaolin/carrageenan (k/c) induced knee joint arthritis model in rats, as well as primary and clonal human synoviocyte cultures were used to understand the reciprocal interactions between reactive nitroxidative species (ROS) and functional TRPV1 channels. ROS generation was monitored with ROS sensitive dyes using live cell imaging in vitro and in spinal tissue histology, as well as with measurement of ROS metabolites in culture media using HPLC.
RESULTS
Functional responses in the experimental arthritis model, including increased nociceptive responses (thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia), knee joint temperature reflecting local blood flow, and spinal cord ROS elevations were reduced by the ROS scavenger PBN after intraperitoneal pretreatment. Increases in TRPV1 and ROS, generated by synoviocytes in vitro, were reciprocally blocked by TRPV1 antagonists and the ROS scavenger. Further evidence is presented that synoviocyte responses to ROS and TRPV1 activation include increases in TNFalpha and COX-2, both measured as an indicator of the inflammation in vitro.
CONCLUSIONS
The results demonstrate that contributions of ROS to pronociceptive responses and neurogenic inflammation are mediated both centrally and peripherally. Responses are mediated by TRPV1 locally in the knee joint by synoviocytes, as well as by ROS-induced sensitization in the spinal cord. These findings and those of others reported in the literature indicate reciprocal interactions between TRPV1 and ROS play critical roles in the pathological and nociceptive responses active during arthritic inflammation.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cyclooxygenase 2; Hot Temperature; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Joint Capsule; Nociceptors; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Spinal Cord; TRPV Cation Channels; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 20691059
DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-6-46 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Research :... Jul 2017This study aimed to elucidate how rats recover from immobilization-induced knee joint contracture. Rats' right knees were immobilized by an external fixator at a flexion...
This study aimed to elucidate how rats recover from immobilization-induced knee joint contracture. Rats' right knees were immobilized by an external fixator at a flexion of 140° for 3 weeks. After removal of the fixator, the joints were allowed to move freely (remobilization) for 0, 1, 3, 7, or 14 days (n = 5 each). To distinguish myogenic and arthrogenic contractures, the passive extension range of motion was measured before and after myotomy of the knee flexors. Knee joints were histologically analyzed and the expression of genes encoding inflammatory or fibrosis-related mediators, interleukin-1β (1L-1β), fibrosis-related transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and collagen type I (COL1A1) and III (COL3A1), were examined in the knee joint posterior capsules using real-time PCR. Both myogenic and arthrogenic contractures were established within 3 weeks of immobilization. During remobilization, the myogenic contracture decreased over time. In contrast, the arthrogenic contracture developed further during the remobilization period. On day 1 of remobilization, inflammatory changes characterized by edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and upregulation of IL-1β gene started in the knee joint posterior capsule. In addition, collagen deposition accompanied by fibroblast proliferation, with upregulation of TGF-β1, COL1A1, and COL3A1 genes, appeared in the joint capsule between days 7 and 14. These results suggest the progression of arthrogenic contracture following remobilization, which is characterized by fibrosis development, is possibly triggered by inflammation in the joint capsule. It is therefore necessary to focus on developing new treatment strategies for immobilization-induced joint contracture. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1414-1423, 2017.
Topics: Animals; Contracture; Fibrosis; Gene Expression; Immobilization; Interleukin-1beta; Joint Capsule; Knee Joint; Male; Range of Motion, Articular; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 27601089
DOI: 10.1002/jor.23419 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2021The treatment of type I-B triangular fibrocartilage complex superficial injury is always a challenge to orthopedists. The traditional outside-in suture method often...
BACKGROUND
The treatment of type I-B triangular fibrocartilage complex superficial injury is always a challenge to orthopedists. The traditional outside-in suture method often causes a risk of nervous irritation. We designed a modified outside-in suture through the joint capsule to repair the Palmer I-B triangular fibrocartilage complex superficial injury.
METHODS
From December 2014 to December 2018, we retrospectively collected the medical records of 18 patients in our hospital who used the modified outside-in suture through the joint capsule to repair type I-B triangular fibrocartilage complex superficial injury. Among them, there were 12 males and 6 females, with an average age of 36.2 years. There were 6 cases on the left side and 12 cases on the right side. Record the healing time of all patients after surgery and the occurrence of related complications, and record the pain visual analogue scale (VAS), grip strength, wrist flexion and extension, radioulnar deviation and forearm rotation range of motion, modified Mayo wrist joint function score, and disability of arm-shoulder-hand (DASH) score before operation and at the last follow-up.
RESULTS
One patient was lost to follow-up, and a total of 17 patients received the final follow-up. Patients were followed up for 24 to 36 months, with an average of 29.6 ± 3.0 months. No wound infection, nerve damage, or irritation occurred after the operation. At the last follow-up, 15 cases of wrist pain disappeared completely, and 2 cases had mild discomfort during exercise. At the last follow-up, VAS decreased from 3.8 ± 0.7 points before operation to 0.8 ± 0.7 points ( < 0.05); grip strength increased from 15.1 ± 3.1 kg before operation to 23.2 ± 1.5 kg ( < 0.05); wrist flexion and extension, radioulnar deflection, and forearm rotational mobility increased from 116.3 ± 2.2°, 37.0 ± 3.5°, and 141.6 ± 2.2° before operation to 117.2 ± 2.5° ( < 0.05), 38.9 ± 3.0° ( < 0.05), and 142.4 ± 1.9° ( < 0.05), respectively; the modified Mayo wrist joint function score increased from 66.1 ± 3.6 points to 82.5 ± 3.9 points ( < 0.05), of which 10 cases were excellent, 5 cases were good, 2 cases were fair, and the excellent and good rate was 88.2%; DASH score improved from 37.0 ± 5.7 points preoperatively to 8.0 ± 2.5 points ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The modified outside-in suture through the joint capsule to repair the superficial injury of Palmer I-B triangular fibrocartilage complex has a good clinical effect and is worthy of clinical widespread promotion.
Topics: Adult; Computational Biology; Female; Hand Strength; Humans; Joint Capsule; Male; Range of Motion, Articular; Retrospective Studies; Suture Techniques; Treatment Outcome; Triangular Fibrocartilage; Wrist Injuries; Wrist Joint
PubMed: 34804195
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8387813