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Journal of Virology May 1987A tumor cell suspension of an explanted JC virus (JCV)-induced owl monkey glioblastoma was inoculated intracranially into four recipient juvenile owl monkeys....
A tumor cell suspension of an explanted JC virus (JCV)-induced owl monkey glioblastoma was inoculated intracranially into four recipient juvenile owl monkeys. Twenty-eight months following inoculation one owl monkey developed a glioblastoma, which was explanted into tissue culture. DNA from both the tumor tissue and tumor cells in culture hybridized to a JCV DNA probe by Southern analysis, indicating that free, as well as integrated, viral DNA may be present. At the time of the second culture passage, viral JCV DNA was extracted from these cells and cloned into a plasmid vector. Nucleotide sequencing of the regulatory region of the cloned DNA demonstrated homology with the prototype Mad-1 strain of JCV and revealed a 19-base-pair deletion in the second 98-base-pair tandem repeat that eliminated a second TATA box. This deletion is characteristic of the Mad-4 strain of JCV, which is highly neurooncogenic. By the third culture passage, 100% of the cells were T-antigen positive. Approximately one-third of the cells in culture hybridized to a biotinylated JCV DNA probe when in situ hybridization was used, a technique that only detects high-copy-number of replicating viral sequences. By the culture passage 5 and continuing through culture passage 14, viable JC virions could be recovered. The T protein synthesized by this virus, now termed JCV-586, differed from both the Mad-1 and Mad-4 strains in that it formed a stable complex with the cellular p53 protein in the tumor cells. Also, the JCV-586 T protein reacted to several monoclonal antibodies made to the simian virus 40 T protein that were not recognized by either the Mad-1 or Mad-4 strains.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Viral, Tumor; Aotus trivirgatus; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; DNA, Viral; Glioma; JC Virus; Neoplasm Transplantation; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Polyomavirus; Virus Replication
PubMed: 3033272
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.61.5.1435-1441.1987 -
Cureus Oct 2018Hyponatremia post-neurosurgical intervention can be dangerous and potentially life-threatening. Two of its most common causes are cerebral salt wasting (CSW) and...
Hyponatremia post-neurosurgical intervention can be dangerous and potentially life-threatening. Two of its most common causes are cerebral salt wasting (CSW) and syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone release (SIADH). CSW is proposed to be secondary not only to the elevated levels of circulating atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) but inhibition of steroidogenesis in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, thus resulting in mineralocorticoid deficiency. We present a two-year-old male who had developed acute hyponatremia secondary to CSW on post-operative day two after a sub-total resection of a low-grade juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (WHO grade I). Fludrocortisone was successfully used to manage the refractory hyponatremia and alleviated the need to use very large amounts of oral sodium supplementation.
PubMed: 30648045
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3505 -
BMJ Case Reports Feb 2019
Topics: Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Female; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Mutation, Missense; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Sequence Analysis, DNA; Young Adult
PubMed: 30798277
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-228128 -
AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology Jan 1998We compared visibility of residual juvenile cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas (JPAs) on early postoperative and follow-up MR studies to determine whether early...
PURPOSE
We compared visibility of residual juvenile cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas (JPAs) on early postoperative and follow-up MR studies to determine whether early postoperative MR imaging has a valid role as a baseline study.
METHODS
We reviewed the MR images of 21 consecutive children who had undergone resection of cerebellar JPA. The diagnosis of residual tumor was made on the basis of nodular enhancement that corresponded to enhancing tumor on the preoperative MR studies and/or nonenhancing nodular T2 signal that corresponded to nonenhancing tumor. Because no patient received chemotherapy or radiation therapy, abnormal T2 signal or enhancement on the early postoperative study that resolved on the follow-up study was presumed to be due to peritumoral edema and/or surgical manipulation. Nodular T2 signal and/or enhancement in the tumor bed not seen on the initial postoperative MR study but present on the subsequent MR study and unchanged on serial follow-up MR studies was presumed to represent residual tumor rather than tumor that had recurred.
RESULTS
Compared with follow-up studies, the initial postoperative MR images were true-positive for residual tumor in six patients, false-positive in five, equivocal for residual tumor in four, true-negative in five, and false-negative in one. Residual tumor did not consistently enhance, and peritumoral edema and changes resulting from surgical manipulation tended to mask or simulate residual tumor.
CONCLUSION
Early postoperative MR imaging is not accurate in differentiating residual JPA from postoperative changes, and the role of early postoperative MR imaging as a baseline study for comparison with further studies is questionable.
Topics: Adolescent; Astrocytoma; Cerebellar Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; False Negative Reactions; False Positive Reactions; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neoplasm, Residual; Postoperative Period
PubMed: 9432173
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Headache and Pain Jan 2013Short lasting headaches related to activity or cough are rare, particularly in childhood, and can be difficult to diagnose, especially in young children who are not able...
BACKGROUND
Short lasting headaches related to activity or cough are rare, particularly in childhood, and can be difficult to diagnose, especially in young children who are not able to describe their symptoms. In the literature there are few data on this topic in adults and the paediatric cases reported are even more rare.
FINDINGS
We present the clinical history of a 7-year-old child and a 3-year-old child both diagnosed as having activity-related headaches, characterized by sudden onset of short lasting (few seconds) attacks, that were triggered by cough or exercise. There were no accompanying symptoms and the neurological examination was normal in both cases. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed, in the first case, a cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma and, in the second case, a Chiari 1 malformation. Both cases received an early diagnosis, were surgically treated and had a good prognosis at follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
When headache has a recent onset, it presents suddenly, and it is triggered by strain, even with normal neurological examination, neuroimaging is mandatory in order to exclude secondary headaches, especially in children.
Topics: Arnold-Chiari Malformation; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Cough; Exercise; Headache; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 23565626
DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-14-3 -
Brain Pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) Jul 1999In adults, the TP53 tumor suppressor gene is frequently mutated in astrocytic brain tumors which is supposed to represent an early event in their development. In...
In adults, the TP53 tumor suppressor gene is frequently mutated in astrocytic brain tumors which is supposed to represent an early event in their development. In juvenile pilocytic and low-grade astrocytomas, however, TP53 mutations have until now been reported as rare, which has led to the suggestion that these tumors may follow a different molecular pathogenesis with an involvement of genes other than TP53. Our analysis of 20 pilocytic and two low-grade astrocytomas of childhood, based on a comprehensive denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) mutation detection assay of the entire coding region, including all splice site junctions of TP53, showed mutations considered as causative in 7 of the 20 (35%) pilocytic astrocytomas and in one of the two low-grade astrocytomas. Our finding is significantly different from the mutation frequency of 1.3% (2/155) previously reported for these tumor types. This may be attributed to the mutation detection system used, which also detects mutations occurring outside the evolutionary conserved region of TP53. Our results suggest that, contrary to the present notion, TP53 mutations may well play a role in the development of juvenile astrocytomas. Furthermore, no mutations were found in tumors of patients with progression of residual tumor after postoperative follow-up. This suggests that TP53 mutations may be associated with less aggressive forms of juvenile astrocytomas, analogous to the situation in adult astrocytomas.
Topics: Adolescent; Amino Acid Substitution; Astrocytoma; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA Mutational Analysis; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Exons; Homozygote; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Introns; Mutation; Neoplasm, Residual; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Genetic; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
PubMed: 10416986
DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00535.x -
Case Reports in Neurology Jan 2012A 13-year-old girl with a remote history of juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma developed acute onset flushing, tachycardia and shortness of breath immediately following...
A 13-year-old girl with a remote history of juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma developed acute onset flushing, tachycardia and shortness of breath immediately following administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine during routine brain MRI that subsided following intravenous diphenhydramine. A retrospective review of the MRI results revealed multiple areas of contrast enhancement of the face, consistent with observed urticaria. The patient received pretreatment medications prior to subsequent gadolinium injections without incident. Gadolinium allergy is extremely rare and has been reported in less than 0.1% of injections. However, in patients who undergo anesthesia for MRI studies, similar subtle extracranial MRI findings should alert the neuroradiologist to possible gadolinium allergy that may warrant premedication prior to future injections.
PubMed: 22649344
DOI: 10.1159/000338631 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 1976A tumour presumed to be a juvenile glioma of the optic nerve was removed by a Kronlein procedure from a 4-year old boy in 1925. In 1973 a severe proptosis made it...
A tumour presumed to be a juvenile glioma of the optic nerve was removed by a Kronlein procedure from a 4-year old boy in 1925. In 1973 a severe proptosis made it necessary to remove the atrophic eye and a large retro-ocular tumour. Histological examination, supported by electron microscopy, showed the second tumour to be an anaplastic pilocytic astrocytoma. The possible histogenesis and this unusual behaviour pattern are discussed.
Topics: Astrocytoma; Child, Preschool; Eye Neoplasms; Glioma; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Optic Nerve
PubMed: 952831
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.60.7.539 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Mar 2002Although clinical syndromes of visual-spatial neglect have been well described in adults, clinical features of neglect associated with subcortical dysfunction are...
Although clinical syndromes of visual-spatial neglect have been well described in adults, clinical features of neglect associated with subcortical dysfunction are infrequently reported in children and have not been described in detail. Unilateral visual-spatial neglect in a 7-year-old male following removal of a right subcortical juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma is reported. Preoperative baseline neurocognitive assessment of the patient established intact attentional and intellectual functioning. Postoperatively visual-spatial neglect was observed that was not accounted for by the patient's visual field deficit. Consistent with classic features of attentional neglect, increases in attentional demands led to greater errors in performance. The risk of unilateral neglect following resection of subcortical tumors that abut the thalamus or disrupt thalamo-cortical projections was confirmed in a retrospective analysis of patients referred for neurocognitive testing at our site. It was concluded that the ventral thalamus may play a role in visual-spatial attention early in development.
Topics: Astrocytoma; Attention; Brain Neoplasms; Child; Functional Laterality; Hemianopsia; Humans; Intelligence Tests; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Neurosurgical Procedures; Paresis; Perceptual Disorders; Space Perception; Stereotaxic Techniques; Thalamus; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Visual Fields
PubMed: 12008674
DOI: 10.1017/s001216220100192x -
BMJ Case Reports Dec 2016
Topics: Astrocytoma; Cerebellar Neoplasms; Cerebellum; Child; Computed Tomography Angiography; Cranial Fossa, Posterior; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
PubMed: 27927709
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-217583