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Histochemical Comparison of Human and Rat Lacrimal Glands: Implications for Bio-Engineering Studies.Translational Vision Science &... Nov 2022The purpose of this study was to determine whether rodent lacrimal glands (LGs) represent a suitable surrogate for human tissue in bio-engineering research, we undertook...
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to determine whether rodent lacrimal glands (LGs) represent a suitable surrogate for human tissue in bio-engineering research, we undertook a meticulous histological and histochemical comparison of these two tissues.
METHODS
Histological techniques and immunohistochemistry were used to compare the structure of adult human and rat LG tissues and the expression of key functional tissue elements.
RESULTS
Compared with humans, the rat LG is comprised of much more densely packed acini which are devoid of an obvious central lumen. Myoepithelial, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, T cells, and putative progenitor cells are present in both tissues. However, human LG is replete with epithelium expressing cytokeratins 8 and 18, whereas rat LG epithelium does not express cytokeratin 8. Furthermore, human LG expresses aquaporins (AQPs) 1, 3, and 5, whereas rat LG expresses AQPs 1, 4, and 5. Additionally, mast cells were identified in the rat but not the human LGs and large numbers of plasma cells were detected in the human LGs but only limited numbers were present in the rat LGs.
CONCLUSIONS
The cellular composition of the human and rat LGs is similar, although there is a marked difference in the actual histo-architectural arrangement of the tissue. Further variances in the epithelial cytokeratin profile, in tissue expression of AQPs and in mast cell and plasma cell infiltration, may prove significant.
TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE
The rat LG can serve as a useful surrogate for the human equivalent, but there exist specific tissue differences meaning that caution must be observed when translating results to patients.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Rats; Animals; Lacrimal Apparatus; Stem Cells; Aquaporins; Epithelium; Bioengineering
PubMed: 36374486
DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.11.10 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... May 2021A 20-month-old neutered male dachshund dog was referred because of a 10-week history of swelling close to the medial canthus of the left eye. Recurrence of the lesion...
A 20-month-old neutered male dachshund dog was referred because of a 10-week history of swelling close to the medial canthus of the left eye. Recurrence of the lesion and cytological appearance of the fluid content were suggestive of inflammation. Computed tomography revealed a triangular-shaped bone defect in the skull deep to the lesion. Computed tomography dacryocystography demonstrated contrast medium pooling within the maxillary recess and nasal cavity rather than filling the lacrimal duct. Lacrimal bone agenesis was diagnosed. Key clinical message: Congenital skull including lacrimal bone agenesis may be responsible for swelling of the medial canthus of the eye and computed tomography dacryocystography is helpful in making a diagnosis.
Topics: Animals; Contrast Media; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Lacrimal Apparatus; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases; Male; Nasolacrimal Duct; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33967291
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Immunology Jan 2018The lymphatic vascular pattern in the head of mice has rarely been studied, due to problems of sectioning and immunostaining of complex bony structures. Therefore, the...
BACKGROUND
The lymphatic vascular pattern in the head of mice has rarely been studied, due to problems of sectioning and immunostaining of complex bony structures. Therefore, the association of head lymphoid tissues with the lymphatics has remained unknown although the mouse is the most often used species in immunology.
RESULTS
Here, we studied the association of nasal and nasolacrimal duct lymphatics with lymphoid aggregates in 14-day-old and 2-month-old mice. We performed paraffin sectioning of whole, decalcified heads, and immunostaining with the lymphatic endothelial cell-specific antibodies Lyve-1 and Podoplanin. Most parts of the nasal mucous membrane do not contain any lymphatics. Only the region of the inferior turbinates contains lymphatic networks, which are connected to those of the palatine. Nose-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) is restricted to the basal parts of the nose, which contain lymphatics. NALT is continued occipitally and can be found at both sides along the sphenoidal sinus, again in close association with lymphatic networks. Nasal lymphatics are connected to those of the ocular region via a lymphatic network along the nasolacrimal duct (NLD). By this means, lacrimal duct-associated lymphoid tissue (LDALT) has a dense supply with lymphatics.
CONCLUSIONS
NALT and LDALT play a key role in the immune system of the mouse head, where they function as primary recognition sites for antigens. Using the dense lymphatic networks along the NLD described in this study, these antigens reach lymphatics near the palatine and are further drained to lymph nodes of the head and neck region. NALT and LDALT develop in immediate vicinity of lymphatic vessels. Therefore, we suggest a causative connection of lymphatic vessels and the development of lymphoid tissues.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Immunity, Mucosal; Lacrimal Apparatus; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Vessels; Lymphoid Tissue; Mice, Inbred Strains; Nasal Mucosa; Nasolacrimal Duct
PubMed: 29368640
DOI: 10.1186/s12865-018-0242-3 -
Aging Aug 2023
Topics: Lacrimal Apparatus; Aging
PubMed: 37579224
DOI: 10.18632/aging.204651 -
Korean Journal of Ophthalmology : KJO Dec 2015
Topics: Adult; Cysts; Dacryocystorhinostomy; Female; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus; Lacrimal Duct Obstruction; Male; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 26635461
DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2015.29.6.433 -
Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai... Aug 2021To observe the effect of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy on different lacrimal duct obstruction. Eighty eyes with the lacrimal passage obstruction were collected, and...
To observe the effect of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy on different lacrimal duct obstruction. Eighty eyes with the lacrimal passage obstruction were collected, and treated with endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Meanwhile, the abnormal structures of the nasal cavity were corrected and the pathological changes of the nasal cavity and sinuses were treated. The patients were followed up and the curative effect was observed. Follow-up period ranged from 10 months to 8 years. The first operation cure rate was 78.8%, the effective rate was 17.5%, the ineffective rate was 3.8%, and the success rate was 96.2%. Two of the 3 eyes failed in first operation were cured by reoperation. The total success rate was 98.8%. Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy can be used as a routine operation in the treatment of different lacrimal duct obstruction. The structural abnormalities and pathological changes of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses can be treated simultaneously. Combined with postoperative treatment and follow-up, long-term curative effect can be obtained.
Topics: Dacryocystorhinostomy; Endoscopy; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus; Lacrimal Duct Obstruction; Nasolacrimal Duct; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34304525
DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2021.08.002 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2017Aqueous tear-deficient dry eye is a multifactorial chronic disorder in which the lacrimal glands fail to produce enough tears to maintain a healthy ocular surface. The...
Aqueous tear-deficient dry eye is a multifactorial chronic disorder in which the lacrimal glands fail to produce enough tears to maintain a healthy ocular surface. The existence of lacrimal gland stem/progenitor cells was proposed in several species, yet their origin and characteristics are not very clear. Here, we investigated the presence of resident progenitor cells and their regenerative potential in a rabbit model with lacrimal gland main excretory duct ligation-induced injury. The ligation-injured lacrimal glands temporarily decreased in weight and had impaired tear secretion. Protein expression profiles and transcriptional profiles were obtained from injured tissue. Isolated lacrimal gland progenitor cells were tested and characterized by stem cell-related marker evaluation, single cell clonal assay and three-dimensional (3-D) culture. The results of our study indicate that lacrimal glands are capable of tissue repair after duct ligation-induced injury, likely involving resident stem/progenitor cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. Lacrimal gland progenitor cells isolated from ligated tissue can differentiate in 3-D culture. The results provide further insights into lacrimal gland stem/progenitor cell physiology and their potential for treating severe cases of tear deficiency.
Topics: Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Disease Models, Animal; Epithelial Cells; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Female; Lacrimal Apparatus; Lacrimal Duct Obstruction; Organ Size; Rabbits; Tears
PubMed: 28811503
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08197-2 -
Eye (London, England) Jul 2017PurposeTo assess the influence of dacryoscintillography (DSG) on the treatment decision for patients with epiphora and clinically patent non-functioning lacrimal...
PurposeTo assess the influence of dacryoscintillography (DSG) on the treatment decision for patients with epiphora and clinically patent non-functioning lacrimal systems.MethodsA retrospective 3-year review. Inclusion: patients having DSG for epiphora with delayed tear clearance, lacrimal system patency on syringing, and no visible external cause for watering. On the basis of regurgitation during syringing, tear ducts were divided into freely patent (FP≤20%) or stenosed. The DSG results were examined for correlation with symptoms and clinical examination, the influence on decision to proceed to dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), and the ability to predict the surgical outcome.ResultsA total of 242 eyes were examined. The clinical diagnosis was FP in 45.5%, nasolacrimal duct stenosis (NLDS) in 26.4%, and other in 3.3%. The DSG was normal in 30.9% of FP and 18.7% of NLDS eyes. Of the asymptomatic eyes, 46.7% had an abnormal DSG. DSG sensitivity was 73.6% and specificity 53.3%. There was no significant difference in DSG results in those with FP or NLDS.DCR was recommended in 39.1% of the symptomatic eyes with abnormal DSG. DCR surgery was considered inappropriate in all 46 eyes with normal DSG. DCR was successful in 76.5%, however, the DSG result did not affect the success of surgery.ConclusionDSG has severe limitations due to lack of correlation with symptoms and clinical examination, inability to separate lacrimal duct narrowing from lacrimal pump function, and inability to predict the results of surgery. DSG can at best provide limited guidance on whether to proceed to DCR surgery.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Dacryocystorhinostomy; Decision Making; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Nasolacrimal Duct; ROC Curve; Radionuclide Imaging; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 28257135
DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.20 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Apr 2014To study the microsurgical anatomy of the lacrimal drainage system and to provide anatomical evidence for transnasal endoscopic lacrimal drainage system bypass surgery...
PURPOSE
To study the microsurgical anatomy of the lacrimal drainage system and to provide anatomical evidence for transnasal endoscopic lacrimal drainage system bypass surgery by autogenous tissue grafting.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 20 Chinese adult cadaveric heads in 10% formaldehyde, comprising 40 lacrimal ducts were used. The middle third section of the specimens were examined for the following features: the thickness of the lacrimal fossa at the anterior lacrimal crest, vertical middle line, and posterior lacrimal crest; the cross section of the upper opening, middle part, and lower opening of the nasolacrimal canal; the horizontal, 30° oblique, and 45° oblique distances from the lacrimal caruncle to the nasal cavity; the distance from the lacrimal caruncle to the upper opening of the nasolacrimal duct; and the included angle between the lacrimal caruncle-nasolacrimal duct upper opening junction and Aeby's plane.
RESULTS
The middle third of the anterior lacrimal crest was significantly thicker than the vertical middle line and the posterior lacrimal crest (P > 0.05). The horizontal distance, 30° oblique distance, and 45° oblique distance from the lacrimal caruncle to the nasal cavity exhibited no significant differences (P > 0.05). The included angle between the lacrimal caruncle and the lateral wall middle point of the superior opening line of the nasolacrimal duct and Aeby's plane was average (49.9° ± 1.8°).
CONCLUSION
The creation of the bony tunnel should start from the middle or posterior middle part of the lacrimal fossa, extending toward the anterior inferior region with an optimal downward oblique angle of 45°.
Topics: Adult; Cadaver; Dacryocystorhinostomy; Endoscopy; Female; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus; Male; Tissue Transplantation
PubMed: 24817745
DOI: 10.4103/0301-4738.121137 -
Development (Cambridge, England) Jul 2017The tear-producing lacrimal gland is a tubular organ that protects and lubricates the ocular surface. The lacrimal gland possesses many features that make it an...
The tear-producing lacrimal gland is a tubular organ that protects and lubricates the ocular surface. The lacrimal gland possesses many features that make it an excellent model in which to investigate tubulogenesis, but the cell types and lineage relationships that drive lacrimal gland formation are unclear. Using single-cell sequencing and other molecular tools, we reveal novel cell identities and epithelial lineage dynamics that underlie lacrimal gland development. We show that the lacrimal gland from its earliest developmental stages is composed of multiple subpopulations of immune, epithelial and mesenchymal cell lineages. The epithelial lineage exhibits the most substantial cellular changes, transitioning through a series of unique transcriptional states to become terminally differentiated acinar, ductal and myoepithelial cells. Furthermore, lineage tracing in postnatal and adult glands provides the first direct evidence of unipotent KRT5 epithelial cells in the lacrimal gland. Finally, we show conservation of developmental markers between the developing mouse and human lacrimal gland, supporting the use of mice to understand human development. Together, our data reveal crucial features of lacrimal gland development that have broad implications for understanding epithelial organogenesis.
Topics: Acinar Cells; Animals; Biomarkers; Cell Lineage; Epithelial Cells; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Humans; Lacrimal Apparatus; Mice; Phenotype; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Single-Cell Analysis; Stem Cells
PubMed: 28576768
DOI: 10.1242/dev.150789