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International Journal of Medical... 2022Outcome assessment of a novel optical fiber probe for the 1470 nm diode laser under real-world conditions. Prospective clinical pilot study in 10 patients undergoing...
Outcome assessment of a novel optical fiber probe for the 1470 nm diode laser under real-world conditions. Prospective clinical pilot study in 10 patients undergoing endovenous laser ablation with a follow-up period of 1 year. Primary endpoints were efficacy and safety. Secondary endpoints include, inter alia, quality of life and patient satisfaction. After a follow-up period of 1 year all treated vein segments were still occluded. Only mild and short-term side effects (hematoma, ecchymosis and hyperpigmentation) were observed. No intake of pain medication was needed and a quick return to normal activity was documented (0.9 days). Clinical hallmarks of the venous disease (VCSS) improved significantly (p= .003). All patients were very satisfied with the treatment and quality of life (AVVQ) was significantly improved after the procedure (p=.008). The study demonstrates that the endoluminal treatment with the novel fiber probe is highly effective and safe.
Topics: Humans; Laser Therapy; Lasers, Semiconductor; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome; Varicose Veins
PubMed: 35582422
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.70916 -
Femtosecond laser ablation of dentin and enamel for fast and more precise dental cavity preparation.Materials Science & Engineering. C,... Sep 2018The purpose of the present work was to achieve fast and more precise ablation in dentin and enamel by using a commercial femtosecond laser system with high repetition...
PURPOSE
The purpose of the present work was to achieve fast and more precise ablation in dentin and enamel by using a commercial femtosecond laser system with high repetition rate, whilst avoiding any collateral irreversible damages in the hard tissue and pulp area.
METHODS
We used fluence of the incident laser pulses which was marginally higher than the ablation threshold for dentin and enamel. The study was based on the hypothesis that femtosecond laser operating with a repetition rate in the range of 100-500 kHz can controllably ablate dental tissue obtaining sufficiently high removal rate whilst avoiding any collateral irreversible damages in the hard tissue and pulp area.
RESULTS
The ablation yielded the formation of 1 mm craters with well-defined precise vertical cavity sides and edges. Advantageous high porosity and numerous interconnected pores were introduced in the ablated zones. Thermal load and hence collateral thermo-mechanical damages were avoided and the crystalline structure of the tooth constituent hydroxyapatite was preserved.
CONCLUSION
The ultrafast femtosecond laser used in our work hold the promise of a significant drilling ability without collateral thermomechanical effects. It achieves high processing efficiency, overcomes disadvantages of other laser systems reported and can be used to develop an instrument for cavity preparation based on fast and precise ablation. Our further aim is to exceed the speed of traditional drilling instruments and thus to reduce the treatment time which in turn will bring comfort to the patient.
Topics: Dental Cavity Preparation; Dental Enamel; Dentin; Humans; Laser Therapy
PubMed: 29853109
DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.070 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2022Acquiring detailed 3D images of samples is needed for conducting thorough investigations in a wide range of applications. Doing so using nondestructive methods such as...
Acquiring detailed 3D images of samples is needed for conducting thorough investigations in a wide range of applications. Doing so using nondestructive methods such as X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) has resolution limitations. Destructive methods, which work based on consecutive delayering and imaging of the sample, face a tradeoff between throughput and resolution. Using focused ion beam (FIB) for delayering, although high precision, is low throughput. On the other hand, mechanical methods that can offer fast delayering, are low precision and may put the sample integrity at risk. Herein, we propose to use femtosecond laser ablation as a delayering method in combination with optical and confocal microscopy as the imaging technique for performing rapid 3D imaging. The use of confocal microscopy provides several advantages. First, it eliminates the 3D image distortion resulting from non-flat layers, caused by the difference in laser ablation rate of different materials. It further allows layer height variations to be maintained within a small range. Finally, it enables material characterization based on the processing of material ablation rate at different locations. The proposed method is applied on a printed circuit board (PCB), and the results are validated and compared with the X-ray CT image of the PCB part.
Topics: Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Laser Therapy; Lasers; Microscopy, Confocal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35853990
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16519-2 -
Phlebology Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Varicose Veins; Sclerotherapy; Treatment Outcome; Saphenous Vein; Laser Therapy; Venous Insufficiency
PubMed: 37906199
DOI: 10.1177/02683555231211087 -
VASA. Zeitschrift Fur Gefasskrankheiten Nov 2023Insufficiency of the small saphenous vein causes 15% of varicose veins in the lower extremities. Endovenous ablation for the treatment of small saphenous vein varices... (Review)
Review
Insufficiency of the small saphenous vein causes 15% of varicose veins in the lower extremities. Endovenous ablation for the treatment of small saphenous vein varices has become a trend, and an increasing number of studies have reported the effects of different types of endovenous ablation in patients with small saphenous varicose veins. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the results of existing studies on endovenous ablation for the treatment of small saphenous varicose veins, compare its role and efficacy, and provide insights into the future development of endovenous ablation for treating small saphenous varicose veins. A systematic review of literature published from January 1, 2002 to January 1, 2022 was conducted from PubMed, Embase, and China Academic Journals full-text databases. The pre-determined inclusion criteria were clinical literature of endovenous ablation for treating small saphenous varicose veins. Keywords included "ablation", "small saphenous vein", "lesser saphenous vein", "short saphenous vein", "xiaoyinjingmai" and "xiaorong". Of the 506 articles screened, 33 articles were included in this review: 19 articles were related to endovenous laser ablation, five were related to mechanochemical ablation, seven were related to radiofrequency ablation, and two were related to both endovenous laser ablation and radiofrequency ablation. The anatomical success rate of endovenous laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, and mechanochemical ablation were 94.3%, 96.0%, and 88.1%, respectively, and the heterogeneities were all moderate. Most of the current studies are of a low-quality level of research. Hence, long-term follow-up studies and large-scale randomized controlled trials are required to obtain high-quality evidence. Although the gold standard for the treatment of small saphenous vein insufficiency remains unclear, endovenous ablation is still the recommended method.
Topics: Humans; Saphenous Vein; Varicose Veins; Sclerotherapy; Laser Therapy; China; Treatment Outcome; Venous Insufficiency
PubMed: 37779391
DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a001091 -
International Journal of Hyperthermia :... Jul 2020Stereotactic laser ablation(SLA) or laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) has been increasingly adopted as a treatment for primary and metastatic brain cancers.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Stereotactic laser ablation(SLA) or laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) has been increasingly adopted as a treatment for primary and metastatic brain cancers. Here, we examined the published economic assessments of SLA, and review the current state of knowledge.
METHODS
The PubMed database was queried for articles investigating the cost-effectiveness of LITT. 3068 articles were screened. Two studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in this review.
RESULTS
Cost-effectiveness analysis(CEA) favored SLA( = 8) relative to craniotomy ( = 92) for brain metastases (Mean difference [MD]=-US$6522; 95% confidence interval (CI) -$11,911 to -$1133; = 0.02). SLA ( = 19) was found to be cost equivalent to craniotomy ( = 248) (MD=-US$1669; 95%(CI) -$8192 to $4854, = 0.62) for primary brain tumors in general. CEA favored SLA for a subset of primary brain cancers. SLA was found to be cost-effective for difficult to access high-grade gliomas(HGG). When compared to 'other' existing treatments, the cost per life-years gained (LYG) through SLA was ∼$29,340, a threshold below that set for new technology adaptation in the U.S. Factors contributing to these cost-effectiveness were: (1) SLA of HGGs was associated with three-months prolongation in survival; (2) SLA of brain metastasis was associated with (i) shorter average length of stay (SLA: 2.3 days; craniotomy: 4.7 days), (ii) decreased discharge to inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF), skilled nursing facility (SNF), or home healthcare (SLA: 14.8%; craniotomy: 52%), (iii) lowered 30-day readmission (SLA: 0%; craniotomy: 14.1%).
CONCLUSION
There is limited data on the cost-effectiveness of SLA. In the available literature, SLA compared favorably to craniotomy in terms of cost-effectiveness as a treatment for primary and metastatic brain cancers.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Glioma; Humans; Hyperthermia, Induced; Laser Therapy; Lasers; Length of Stay; Patient Readmission
PubMed: 32672125
DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2020.1774084 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Aug 2021To evaluate the efficacy of combined intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) and zone I sparing laser ablation in infants with posterior zone I Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP).
PURPOSE
To evaluate the efficacy of combined intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) and zone I sparing laser ablation in infants with posterior zone I Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP).
METHODS
This was a retrospective, interventional case series including premature infants diagnosed with posterior zone I ROP (n = 24) on ROP screening. Charts and RetCam images of preterm infants with posterior zone I ROP treated with immediate IVR and zone I sparing laser ablation at 4 weeks between April 2016 and September 2019 were reviewed. Data were analyzed and tabulated using frequency and descriptive statistics to describe the demography, morphology, and treatment outcomes. Primary outcome measure was structural outcome at 6 months. It was further categorized as favorable and unfavorable.
RESULTS
Twenty-four infants (48 eyes) with a mean gestational age of 28.54 ± 1.98 weeks and birth weight of 1180.33 ± 280.65 grams were analyzed. Thirty-six (75%) eyes had persistent tunica vasculosa lentis and twenty-six (54.1%) eyes had iris neovascularization. All eyes had features of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP) limited to posterior zone I. The mean duration between IVR and zone I sparing laser ablation was 29.62 ± 6.36 (range: 24-34) days. One infant (2 eyes) received a second IVR treatment for recurrence of plus disease and persistent new vessels close to the fovea. Laser augmentation was done in 13 (27.1%) eyes. A favorable structural outcome was seen in 45 (93.7%) eyes.
CONCLUSION
Posterior zone I ROP presents as APROP. Combined IVR and zone I sparing laser ablation appears effective treatment option in these eyes.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Intravitreal Injections; Laser Coagulation; Laser Therapy; Ranibizumab; Retinopathy of Prematurity; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34304202
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2581_20 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023We investigated the effect of femtosecond (fs) laser ablation of enamel and dentin for different pulse wavelengths: infrared (1030 nm), green (515 nm), and ultra-violet...
We investigated the effect of femtosecond (fs) laser ablation of enamel and dentin for different pulse wavelengths: infrared (1030 nm), green (515 nm), and ultra-violet (343 nm) and for different pulse separations to determine the optimal irradiation conditions for the precise removal of dental hard tissues with the absence of structural and compositional damage. The ablation rates and efficiencies were established for all three laser wavelengths for both enamel and dentin at room temperature without using any irrigation or cooling system, and the surfaces were assessed with optical and scanning electron microscopy, optical profilometry, and Raman spectroscopy. We demonstrated that 515 nm fs irradiation provides the highest rate and efficiency for ablation, followed by infrared. Finally, we explored the temperature variations inside the dental pulp during the laser procedures for all three wavelengths and showed that the maximum increase at the optimum conditions for both infrared and green irradiations was 5.5 °C, within the acceptable limit of temperature increase during conventional dental treatments. Ultra-violet irradiation significantly increased the internal temperature of the teeth, well above the acceptable limit, and caused severe damage to tooth structures. Thus, ultra-violet is not a compatible laser wavelength for femtosecond teeth ablation.
Topics: Dentin; Lasers; Laser Therapy; Temperature; Dental Enamel
PubMed: 37978230
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47551-5 -
European Radiology Experimental Jan 2020Abdominal recurrences of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after surgery might represent a challenge for treatment, often requiring difficult surgeries or anticipated systemic...
Abdominal recurrences of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after surgery might represent a challenge for treatment, often requiring difficult surgeries or anticipated systemic therapy. Our aim is to illustrate a novel application of laser ablation for the treatment of abdominal recurrences of RCC. Patients with abdominal recurrences of renal cancer were treated under ultrasound/computed tomography guidance with a diode laser inserted into the lesion through a thin 21-G needle. A fixed 3-W power protocol was used, changing the illumination time according to lesion dimension and shape. Also, technical success, technical efficacy, local tumour progression, and major and minor complications were retrospectively analysed. Three patients were treated with image-guided laser ablation for abdominal recurrences of RCC. In all cases, it was possible to perform ablation as preoperatively planned and all three nodules (size of 6, 8, and 12 mm) were completely ablated with no evidence of residual enhancement after 6 weeks at contrast-enhanced CT. No minor or major complications were observed. No local tumour progression was reported up to 12 months from ablation. Image-guided laser ablation holds the potential to offer a minimally invasive treatment to patients with abdominal recurrence of RCC. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical role of this technique.
Topics: Ablation Techniques; Adult; Aged; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Female; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Laser Therapy; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Radiography, Interventional; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 31900683
DOI: 10.1186/s41747-019-0127-0 -
Endokrynologia Polska 2023The incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma has been increasing worldwide. However, the optimal management strategy remains a topic of discussion and varies from... (Review)
Review
The incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma has been increasing worldwide. However, the optimal management strategy remains a topic of discussion and varies from an active follow-up to a thyroidectomy. New thermoablation techniques for selected cases seem to be sufficiently effective but minimally invasive. One of the newest thermoablation methods is ultrasound-guided percutaneous laser ablation. There are already some data showing promising results of this method in the management of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas. In this article, we review recent papers and conclude on the current status of the ultrasound-guided percutaneous laser ablation technique for the management of papillary thyroid microcarcinomas.
Topics: Humans; Thyroid Neoplasms; Laser Therapy; Lasers; Ultrasonography, Interventional; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36704979
DOI: 10.5603/EP.a2023.0005