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Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Sep 2023The types of urothelial carcinoma (UC) include urothelial bladder cancer and upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Current diagnostic techniques cannot meet the needs of... (Review)
Review
The types of urothelial carcinoma (UC) include urothelial bladder cancer and upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Current diagnostic techniques cannot meet the needs of patients. Liquid biopsy is an accurate method of determining the molecular profile of UC and is a cutting-edge and popular technique that is expected to complement existing detection techniques and benefit patients with UC. Circulating tumor cells, cell-free DNA, cell-free RNA, extracellular vesicles, proteins, and metabolites can be found in the blood, urine, or other bodily fluids and are examined during liquid biopsies. This article focuses on the components of liquid biopsies and their clinical applications in UC. Liquid biopsies have tremendous potential in multiple aspects of precision oncology, from early diagnosis and treatment monitoring to predicting prognoses. They may therefore play an important role in the management of UC and precision medicine.
Topics: Humans; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Precision Medicine; Liquid Biopsy; Medical Oncology; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy
PubMed: 37354812
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115027 -
Journal of Experimental & Clinical... Aug 2023Tissue-based biopsy is the present main tool to explore the molecular landscape of cancer, but it also has many limits to be frequently executed, being too invasive with... (Review)
Review
Tissue-based biopsy is the present main tool to explore the molecular landscape of cancer, but it also has many limits to be frequently executed, being too invasive with the risk of side effects. These limits and the ability of cancer to constantly evolve its genomic profile, have recently led to the need of a less invasive and more accurate alternative, such as liquid biopsy. By searching Circulating Tumor Cells and residues of their nucleic acids or other tumor products in body fluids, especially in blood, but also in urine, stools and saliva, liquid biopsy is becoming the future of clinical oncology. Despite the current lack of a standardization for its workflows, that makes it hard to be reproduced, liquid biopsy has already obtained promising results for cancer screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and risk of recurrence.Through a more accessible molecular profiling of tumors, it could become easier to identify biomarkers predictive of response to treatment, such as EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer and KRAS mutations in colorectal cancer, or Microsatellite Instability and Mismatch Repair as predictive markers of pembrolizumab response.By monitoring circulating tumor DNA in longitudinal repeated sampling of blood we could also predict Minimal Residual Disease and the risk of recurrence in already radically resected patients.In this review we will discuss about the current knowledge of limitations and strengths of the different forms of liquid biopsies for its inclusion in normal cancer management, with a brief nod to their newest biomarkers and its future implications.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Biomarkers, Tumor; Lung Neoplasms; Circulating Tumor DNA; Liquid Biopsy
PubMed: 37542343
DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02743-9 -
Journal of Proteome Research Feb 2024Minimally invasive liquid biopsies from the eye capture locally enriched fluids that contain thousands of proteins from highly specialized ocular cell types, presenting... (Review)
Review
Minimally invasive liquid biopsies from the eye capture locally enriched fluids that contain thousands of proteins from highly specialized ocular cell types, presenting a promising alternative to solid tissue biopsies. The advantages of liquid biopsies include sampling the eye without causing irreversible functional damage, potentially better reflecting tissue heterogeneity, collecting samples in an outpatient setting, monitoring therapeutic response with sequential sampling, and even allowing examination of disease mechanisms at the cell level in living humans, an approach that we refer to as TEMPO (Tracing Expression of Multiple Protein Origins). Liquid biopsy proteomics has the potential to transform molecular diagnostics and prognostics and to assess disease mechanisms and personalized therapeutic strategies in individual patients. This review addresses opportunities, challenges, and future directions of high-resolution liquid biopsy proteomics in ophthalmology, with particular emphasis on the large-scale collection of high-quality samples, cutting edge proteomics technology, and artificial intelligence-supported data analysis.
Topics: Humans; Ophthalmology; Proteomics; Artificial Intelligence; Liquid Biopsy; Proteins; Biopsy
PubMed: 38171013
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00756 -
Neurology India 2020Are we witnessing the end of the biopsy as we know it? Is this the start of a revolution in cancer diagnostics and treatment where analysis of somatic mutations present... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Are we witnessing the end of the biopsy as we know it? Is this the start of a revolution in cancer diagnostics and treatment where analysis of somatic mutations present in the blood, CSF, or urine followed by targeted therapy replaces the traditional surgery followed by chemo-radiation? Since 2016, molecular markers are an integral part of the 'glioma' treatment decision-making process- diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic. A lot of these somatic mutations that identify and prognosticate tumors are also detected in the adjoining bio-fluids in serum or CSF- the sampling of which is known as liquid biopsy.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to review the advancement of scientific techniques that now allows the investigation of these bio-fluids, to diagnose, prognosticate and treat gliomas.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This review article is an exhaustive review of the literature that summarises the role of the three main liquid biopsy modalities- Circulating Tumor Cells, Cell-free Tumor DNA and Exosomes in the detection of known diagnostic and prognostic markers in gliomas.
RESULTS
The current review highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the diffrerent modalities in use, and their potential use in the clinical setting.
CONCLUSION
Liquid biopsies hold tremendous potential in the diagnosis and management of gliomas in the future.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Glioma; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Prognosis
PubMed: 33342856
DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.304105 -
Cell Reports. Medicine Oct 2023Liquid biopsy, through isolation and analysis of disease-specific analytes, has evolved as a promising tool for safe and minimally invasive diagnosis and monitoring of... (Review)
Review
Liquid biopsy, through isolation and analysis of disease-specific analytes, has evolved as a promising tool for safe and minimally invasive diagnosis and monitoring of tumors. It also has tremendous utility as a companion diagnostic allowing detection of biomarkers in a range of cancers (lung, breast, colon, ovarian, brain). However, clinical implementation and validation remains a challenge. Among other stages of development, preanalytical variables are critical in influencing the downstream cellular and molecular analysis of different analytes. Although considerable progress has been made to address these challenges, a comprehensive assessment of the impact on diagnostic parameters and consensus on standardized and optimized protocols is still lacking. Here, we summarize and critically evaluate key variables in the preanalytical stage, including study population selection, choice of biofluid, sample handling and collection, processing, and storage. There is an unmet need to develop and implement comprehensive preanalytical guidelines on the optimal practices and methodologies.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Liquid Biopsy; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37725979
DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101196 -
Journal of Experimental & Clinical... Apr 2024Lung cancer stands as the most prevalent form of cancer globally, posing a significant threat to human well-being. Due to the lack of effective and accurate early... (Review)
Review
Lung cancer stands as the most prevalent form of cancer globally, posing a significant threat to human well-being. Due to the lack of effective and accurate early diagnostic methods, many patients are diagnosed with advanced lung cancer. Although surgical resection is still a potential means of eradicating lung cancer, patients with advanced lung cancer usually miss the best chance for surgical treatment, and even after surgical resection patients may still experience tumor recurrence. Additionally, chemotherapy, the mainstay of treatment for patients with advanced lung cancer, has the potential to be chemo-resistant, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. The emergence of liquid biopsies has garnered considerable attention owing to their noninvasive nature and the ability for continuous sampling. Technological advancements have propelled circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), extracellular vesicles (EVs), tumor metabolites, tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), and tumor-associated antigens (TAA) to the forefront as key liquid biopsy biomarkers, demonstrating intriguing and encouraging results for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of lung cancer. This review provides an overview of molecular biomarkers and assays utilized in liquid biopsies for lung cancer, encompassing CTCs, ctDNA, non-coding RNA (ncRNA), EVs, tumor metabolites, TAAs and TEPs. Furthermore, we expound on the practical applications of liquid biopsies, including early diagnosis, treatment response monitoring, prognostic evaluation, and recurrence monitoring in the context of lung cancer.
Topics: Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Biomarkers, Tumor; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Liquid Biopsy; Prognosis; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating
PubMed: 38561776
DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03026-7 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, encompassing different entities with distinct histological features and clinical behavior. The... (Review)
Review
Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, encompassing different entities with distinct histological features and clinical behavior. The diagnostic definition, therapeutic approach, and follow-up of thyroid cancers display some controversial aspects that represent unmet medical needs. Liquid biopsy is a non-invasive approach that detects and analyzes biological samples released from the tumor into the bloodstream. With the use of different technologies, tumor cells, free nucleic acids, and extracellular vesicles can be retrieved in the serum of cancer patients and valuable molecular information can be obtained. Recently, a growing body of evidence is accumulating concerning the use of liquid biopsy in thyroid cancer, as it can be exploited to define a patient's diagnosis, estimate their prognosis, and monitor tumor recurrence or treatment response. Indeed, liquid biopsy can be a valuable tool to overcome the limits of conventional management of thyroid malignancies. In this review, we summarize currently available data about liquid biopsy in differentiated, poorly differentiated/anaplastic, and medullary thyroid cancer, focusing on circulating tumor cells, circulating free nucleic acids, and extracellular vesicles.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids; Extracellular Vesicles; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Prognosis; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 34299334
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147707 -
Biosensors Nov 2021The recent improvements in diagnosis enabled by advances in liquid biopsy and oncological imaging significantly better cancer care. Both these complementary approaches,... (Review)
Review
The recent improvements in diagnosis enabled by advances in liquid biopsy and oncological imaging significantly better cancer care. Both these complementary approaches, which are used for early tumor detection, characterization, and monitoring, can benefit from applying techniques based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). With a detection sensitivity at the single-molecule level, SERS spectroscopy is widely used in cell and molecular biology, and its capability for the in vitro detection of several types of cancer biomarkers is well established. In the last few years, several intriguing SERS applications have emerged, including in vivo imaging for tumor targeting and the monitoring of drug release. In this paper, selected recent developments and trends in SERS applications in the field of liquid biopsy and tumor imaging are critically reviewed, with a special emphasis on results that demonstrate the clinical utility of SERS.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Neoplasms; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Surface Properties
PubMed: 34821665
DOI: 10.3390/bios11110449 -
Cells Jul 2023Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a prevalent and diverse group of malignancies with substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection and monitoring of HNC are... (Review)
Review
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a prevalent and diverse group of malignancies with substantial morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection and monitoring of HNC are crucial for improving patient outcomes. Liquid biopsy, a non-invasive diagnostic approach, has emerged as a promising tool for cancer detection and monitoring. In this article, we review the application of RNA-based liquid biopsy in HNC. Various types of RNA, including messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) and PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), are explored as potential biomarkers in HNC liquid-based diagnostics. The roles of RNAs in HNC diagnosis, metastasis, tumor resistance to radio and chemotherapy, and overall prognosis are discussed. RNA-based liquid biopsy holds great promise for the early detection, prognosis, and personalized treatment of HNC. Further research and validation are necessary to translate these findings into clinical practice and improve patient outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Head and Neck Neoplasms; MicroRNAs; Biomarkers; Liquid Biopsy; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Long Noncoding; RNA, Small Nucleolar
PubMed: 37508579
DOI: 10.3390/cells12141916 -
Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2022Liquid biopsy is a promising tool for a better cancer management and currently opens perspectives for several clinical applications, such as detection of mutations when...
Liquid biopsy is a promising tool for a better cancer management and currently opens perspectives for several clinical applications, such as detection of mutations when the analysis from tissue is not available, monitoring tumor mutational burden and prediction of targeted therapy response. These characteristics validate liquid biopsy analysis as a strong cancer biomarkers source with high potential for improving cancer patient's evolution. Compared to classical biopsy, liquid biopsy is a minimal invasive procedure, and it allows the real-time monitoring of treatment response. Considering that lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-associated death worldwide and that only 15-19% of the lung cancer patients survive five years after diagnosis, there is an important interest in improving its management. Like in other types of solid cancers, lung cancer could benefit from liquid biopsy through a simple peripheral blood sample as tumor-related biomarkers, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free nucleic acids (cfNA) [cell-free ribonucleic acid (cfRNA) and cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (cfDNA)], exosomes and tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) may shed into circulation because of necrosis or in an active manner. More, the detection and analysis of these biomarkers could lead to a better understanding of oncological diseases like lung cancer. The better the tumor profile is established; the better management is possible. However, this approach has currently some limitations, such as low cfNA concentration or low count of CTCs that might be overcome by improving the actual methods and technologies.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell-Free Nucleic Acids; Humans; Liquid Biopsy; Lung Neoplasms; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating
PubMed: 36074665
DOI: 10.47162/RJME.63.1.02