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Pharmacological Reports : PR 2013Magnesium is one of the most essential mineral in the human body, connected with brain biochemistry and the fluidity of neuronal membrane. A variety of neuromuscular and... (Review)
Review
Magnesium is one of the most essential mineral in the human body, connected with brain biochemistry and the fluidity of neuronal membrane. A variety of neuromuscular and psychiatric symptoms, including different types of depression, was observed in magnesium deficiency. Plasma/serum magnesium levels do not seem to be the appropriate indicators of depressive disorders, since ambiguous outcomes, depending on the study, were obtained. The emergence of a new approach to magnesium compounds in medical practice has been seen. Apart from being administered as components of dietary supplements, they are also perceived as the effective agents in treatment of migraine, alcoholism, asthma, heart diseases, arrhythmias, renal calcium stones, premenstrual tension syndrome etc. Magnesium preparations have an essential place in homeopathy as a remedy for a range of mental health problems. Mechanisms of antidepressant action of magnesium are not fully understood yet. Most probably, magnesium influences several systems associated with development of depression. The first information on the beneficial effect of magnesium sulfate given hypodermically to patients with agitated depression was published almost 100 years ago. Numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies confirmed the initial observations as well as demonstrated the beneficial safety profile of magnesium supplementation. Thus, magnesium preparations seem to be a valuable addition to the pharmacological armamentarium for management of depression.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency
PubMed: 23950577
DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71032-6 -
Association between magnesium concentrations and prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific Reports Dec 2021Studies on the association between serum magnesium level and prediabetes yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was designed to examine the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Studies on the association between serum magnesium level and prediabetes yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was designed to examine the association between serum magnesium levels and prediabetes. Online databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched up to October, 2020. A total of 10 studies that reported mean and standard deviation (SD) of magnesium levels in prediabetes and healthy control group were identified. Random effects models were used to pool weighted mean differences (WMDs) of serum magnesium levels. Pooled-analysis showed that subjects with prediabetes had significantly lower serum magnesium levels compared with healthy controls (WMD = - 0.07 mmol/L; 95% CI - 0.09, - 0.05 mmol/L, P < 0.001). A significant heterogeneity observed across included studies (I = 95.6%, P < 0.001). However, different subgroup analysis did not detect the potential source of observed heterogeneity. Withdrawal of each individual study had no effect on the overall results. The present meta-analysis showed that circulating magnesium levels in people with prediabetes were significantly lower than healthy controls, confirming that magnesium deficiency may play a role in development and progression of prediabetes. Further studies with larger sample size and robust design are warranted to confirm present results.
Topics: Humans; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 34937856
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03915-3 -
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory... Jan 2024Magnesium is one of the most abundant cations in the body and acts as a cofactor in more than 600 biochemical reactions. Hypomagnesemia is a highly prevalent condition,... (Review)
Review
Magnesium is one of the most abundant cations in the body and acts as a cofactor in more than 600 biochemical reactions. Hypomagnesemia is a highly prevalent condition, especially in subjects with comorbid conditions, but has received less attention than other electrolyte disturbances. This review will discuss magnesium physiology, absorption, storage, distribution across the body, and kidney excretion. After reviewing the regulation of magnesium homeostasis, we will focus on the etiology and clinical presentation of hypomagnesemia. The role of laboratory medicine in hypomagnesemia will be the main purpose of this review, and we will discuss the laboratory tests and different samples and methods for its measurement. Although free magnesium is physiologically active, total serum magnesium is the most commonly used measurement in laboratory medicine and is apt for clinical purposes; however, it is not appropriately used, and many patients with hypomagnesemia remain undiagnosed and not treated. Using information technologies, laboratory medicine can largely improve the diagnosis and treatment of hypomagnesemia through the design and establishment of automatic demand management and result management interventions by acting in the first and last steps of the laboratory cycle, test requests, and actions taken after test results, to unmask patients with hypomagnesemia and improve the number of patients undergoing treatment.
Topics: Humans; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency; Homeostasis
PubMed: 37503587
DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0537 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Aug 1999Magnesium has an established role in obstetrics and an evolving role in other clinical areas, in particular cardiology. Many of the effects involving magnesium are still... (Review)
Review
Magnesium has an established role in obstetrics and an evolving role in other clinical areas, in particular cardiology. Many of the effects involving magnesium are still a matter of controversy. Over the next decade, it is likely that improvements in the measurement of magnesium, a clearer understanding of the mechanisms of its actions and further results of clinical studies will help to elucidate its role, both in terms of treating deficiency and as a pharmacological agent.
Topics: Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Cations; Eclampsia; Female; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Neuromuscular Blockade; Nutritional Status; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy
PubMed: 10618948
DOI: 10.1093/bja/83.2.302 -
British Medical Journal May 1958
Topics: Humans; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency
PubMed: 13536434
DOI: No ID Found -
Nutrients Jan 2021Reduced magnesium (Mg) intake is a frequent cause of deficiency with age together with reduced absorption, renal wasting, and polypharmacotherapy. Chronic Mg deficiency... (Review)
Review
Reduced magnesium (Mg) intake is a frequent cause of deficiency with age together with reduced absorption, renal wasting, and polypharmacotherapy. Chronic Mg deficiency may result in increased oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation, which may be linked to several age-related diseases, including higher predisposition to infectious diseases. Mg might play a role in the immune response being a cofactor for immunoglobulin synthesis and other processes strictly associated with the function of T and B cells. Mg is necessary for the biosynthesis, transport, and activation of vitamin D, another key factor in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. The regulation of cytosolic free Mg in immune cells involves Mg transport systems, such as the melastatin-like transient receptor potential 7 channel, the solute carrier family, and the magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1). The functional importance of Mg transport in immunity was unknown until the description of the primary immunodeficiency XMEN (X-linked immunodeficiency with Mg defect, Epstein-Barr virus infection, and neoplasia) due to a genetic deficiency of MAGT1 characterized by chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection. This and other research reporting associations of Mg deficit with viral and bacterial infections indicate a possible role of Mg deficit in the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its complications. In this review, we will discuss the importance of Mg for the immune system and for infectious diseases, including the recent pandemic of COVID-19.
Topics: Aged; Aging; COVID-19; Cation Transport Proteins; Communicable Diseases; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Female; Humans; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency; Male; SARS-CoV-2; X-Linked Combined Immunodeficiency Diseases
PubMed: 33435521
DOI: 10.3390/nu13010180 -
Magnesium Research Sep 2011A complex relationship links magnesium and cancer. The aim of this review is to revisit current knowledge concerning the contribution of magnesium to tumorigenesis, from... (Review)
Review
A complex relationship links magnesium and cancer. The aim of this review is to revisit current knowledge concerning the contribution of magnesium to tumorigenesis, from transformed cells to animal models, and ending with data from human studies. Cultured neoplastic cells tend to accumulate magnesium. High intracellular levels of the cation seem to confer a metabolic advantage to the cells, contribute to alterations of the genome, and promote the acquisition of an immortal phenotype. In magnesium-deficient mice, low magnesium both limits and fosters tumorigenesis, since inhibition of tumor growth at its primary site is observed in the face of increased metastatic colonization. Epidemiological studies identify magnesium deficiency as a risk factor for some types of human cancers. In addition, impaired magnesium homeostasis is reported in cancer patients, and frequently complicates therapy with some anti-cancer drugs. More studies should be undertaken in order to disclose whether a simple and inexpensive intervention to optimize magnesium intake might be helpful in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Topics: Animals; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cells, Cultured; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency; Neoplasms
PubMed: 21933757
DOI: 10.1684/mrh.2011.0285 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2018Arterial hypertension is a disease with a complex pathogenesis. Despite considerable knowledge about this socially significant disease, the role of magnesium deficiency... (Review)
Review
Arterial hypertension is a disease with a complex pathogenesis. Despite considerable knowledge about this socially significant disease, the role of magnesium deficiency (MgD) as a risk factor is not fully understood. Magnesium is a natural calcium antagonist. It potentiates the production of local vasodilator mediators (prostacyclin and nitric oxide) and alters vascular responses to a variety of vasoactive substances (endothelin-1, angiotensin II, and catecholamines). MgD stimulates the production of aldosterone and potentiates vascular inflammatory response, while expression/activity of various antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and the levels of important antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium) are decreased. Magnesium balances the effects of catecholamines in acute and chronic stress. MgD may be associated with the development of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and changes in lipid metabolism, which enhance atherosclerotic changes and arterial stiffness. Magnesium regulates collagen and elastin turnover in the vascular wall and matrix metalloproteinase activity. Magnesium helps to protect the elastic fibers from calcium deposition and maintains the elasticity of the vessels. Considering the numerous positive effects on a number of mechanisms related to arterial hypertension, consuming a healthy diet that provides the recommended amount of magnesium can be an appropriate strategy for helping control blood pressure.
Topics: Animals; Arteries; Atherosclerosis; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Hypertension; Magnesium Deficiency; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29891771
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061724 -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Oct 1982Clinically suspected hypomagnesaemia was confirmed in 21 patients over 12 months; all patients had been exposed to either short-term vigorous diuretic treatment or...
Clinically suspected hypomagnesaemia was confirmed in 21 patients over 12 months; all patients had been exposed to either short-term vigorous diuretic treatment or moderate-dosage long-term treatment. Magnesium depletion was compounded by a hospital diet surprisingly low in magnesium, a local soft water supply, and, in some patients, high alcohol intake. Common presenting symptoms included depression, muscle weakness, refractory hypokalaemia, and atrial fibrillation refractory to digoxin treatment. The administration of magnesium supplements resulted in prompt improvement of all symptoms particularly in the case of refractory atrial fibrillation. Chronic low-grade magnesium deficiency from diuretic treatment is more common than published reports suggest. Older patients are at risk, particularly those who have excessive alcohol intake, a diet low in magnesium, or a soft water supply.
Topics: Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Atrial Fibrillation; Diet; Diuretics; Female; Humans; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency; Male; Middle Aged; Water Supply
PubMed: 6812785
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.285.6349.1157 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Jan 1975Prolonged nasogastric suction and the administration of magnesium-free parenteral fluids produced magnesium deficiency in a patient in the postoperative period. The...
Prolonged nasogastric suction and the administration of magnesium-free parenteral fluids produced magnesium deficiency in a patient in the postoperative period. The symptoms of magnesium deficiency are usually overshadowed by those of the primary disease and diagnosis usually rests on the demonstration of low blood concentrations of the ion. Magnesium replacement must be kept in mind when treating patients with intravenous fluids for prolonged periods.
Topics: Colectomy; Colostomy; Drainage; Humans; Ileostomy; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency; Male; Middle Aged; Pancuronium; Parenteral Nutrition; Postoperative Complications; Solutions; Succinylcholine; Thiopental; Water-Electrolyte Balance
PubMed: 807227
DOI: 10.1093/bja/47.1.85