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Stem Cell Research & Therapy Apr 2022FeO magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are biomedical materials that have been approved by the FDA. To date, MNPs have been developed rapidly in nanomedicine and are of great... (Review)
Review
FeO magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are biomedical materials that have been approved by the FDA. To date, MNPs have been developed rapidly in nanomedicine and are of great significance. Stem cells and secretory vesicles can be used for tissue regeneration and repair. In cell therapy, MNPs which interact with external magnetic field are introduced to achieve the purpose of cell directional enrichment, while MRI to monitor cell distribution and drug delivery. This paper reviews the size optimization, response in external magnetic field and biomedical application of MNPs in cell therapy and provides a comprehensive view.
Topics: Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Drug Delivery Systems; Magnetic Fields; Magnetite Nanoparticles; Nanomedicine
PubMed: 35365206
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02808-0 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2023The rate of a chemical reaction can be sensitive to the isotope composition of the reactants, which provides also for the sensitivity of such "spin-sensitive" reactions...
The rate of a chemical reaction can be sensitive to the isotope composition of the reactants, which provides also for the sensitivity of such "spin-sensitive" reactions to the external magnetic field. Here we demonstrate the effect of the external magnetic field on the enzymatic DNA synthesis together with the effect of the spin-bearing magnesium ions ([Formula: see text]Mg). The rate of DNA synthesis monotonously decreased with the external magnetic field induction increasing in presence of zero-spin magnesium ions ([Formula: see text]Mg). On the contrary, in the presence of the spin-bearing magnesium ions, the dependence of the reaction rate on the magnetic field induction was non-monotonous and possess a distinct minimum at 80-100 mT. To describe the observed effect, we suggested a chemical scheme and biophysical mechanism considering a competition between Zeeman and Fermi interactions in the external magnetic field.
Topics: Magnesium; DNA Replication; Biophysics; Magnetic Fields; Protein Biosynthesis
PubMed: 36627313
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26744-4 -
Protein Science : a Publication of the... Jun 2022Pigeon iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly 1 homolog (clISCA1) is a target protein for research into the biomagnetoreception mechanism, as the clCRY4/clISCA1 oligomer, a...
Pigeon iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly 1 homolog (clISCA1) is a target protein for research into the biomagnetoreception mechanism, as the clCRY4/clISCA1 oligomer, a complex composed of the columnar clISCA1 oligomer and the magnetosensor candidate protein cryptochrome-4 (clCRY4) oligomer, tends to orient itself along weak magnetic fields, such as geomagnetic fields, under blue light. To obtain insight into the magnetic orientation mechanism of the clCRY4/clISCA1 oligomer, we inspected magnetic field effects on the structure and molecular behavior of clISCA1 by small angle X-ray scattering analysis. The results indicated that the clISCA1 protomer took the Fe-S cluster-bound globular form and unbound rod-like form. The globular clISCA1 protomer assembled to form columnar oligomers, which allowed for the binding of many Fe-S clusters at the interface between clISCA1 protomers. Moreover, the translational diffusion and the columnar oligomerization of clISCA1 were controlled by the external static magnetic field and Fe-S clusters bound to clISCA1. However, the columnar clISCA1 oligomer was not oriented along the external static magnetic field (~1 T) when clCRY4 was not bound to clISCA1. This result indicated that clCRY4 has a function to enhance the magnetic orientational property of clCRY4/clISCA1 oligomer.
Topics: Animals; Columbidae; Iron-Sulfur Proteins; Magnetic Fields; Protein Subunits; Sulfur
PubMed: 35634769
DOI: 10.1002/pro.4313 -
Drug Discovery Today May 2018Nanomaterials that respond to externally applied physical stimuli such as temperature, light, ultrasound, magnetic field and electric field have shown great potential... (Review)
Review
Nanomaterials that respond to externally applied physical stimuli such as temperature, light, ultrasound, magnetic field and electric field have shown great potential for controlled and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. However, the body of literature on programming these stimuli-responsive nanomaterials to attain the desired level of pharmacologic responses is still fragmented and has not been systematically reviewed. The purpose of this review is to summarize and synthesize the literature on various design strategies for simple and sophisticated programmable physical-stimuli-responsive nanotherapeutics.
Topics: Animals; Drug Design; Hot Temperature; Humans; Magnetic Fields; Nanostructures; Physical Stimulation
PubMed: 29653291
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.04.003 -
Scientific Reports May 2022Numerous organisms use the Earth's magnetic field as a sensory cue for migration, body alignment, or food search. Despite some contradictory reports, yet it is generally...
Numerous organisms use the Earth's magnetic field as a sensory cue for migration, body alignment, or food search. Despite some contradictory reports, yet it is generally accepted that humans do not sense the geomagnetic field. Here, we demonstrate that a magnetic field resonance mechanism mediates light-dependent magnetic orientation in men, using a rotary chair experiment combined with a two-alternative forced choice paradigm. Two groups of subjects were classified with different magnetic orientation tendencies depending on the food context. Magnetic orientation of the subjects was sensitive to the wavelength of incident light and was critically dependent on blue light reaching the eyes. Importantly, it appears that a magnetic field resonance-dependent mechanism mediates these responses, as evidenced by disruption or augmentation of the ability to orient by radiofrequency magnetic fields at the Larmor frequency and the dependence of these effects on the angle between the radiofrequency and geomagnetic fields. Furthermore, inversion of the vertical component of the geomagnetic field revealed a non-canonical inclination compass effect on the magnetic orientation. These results establish the existence of a human magnetic sense and suggest an underlying quantum mechanical magnetoreception mechanism.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Fields; Magnetics; Male; Orientation; Radio Waves; Vibration
PubMed: 35637212
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12460-6 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2021The calibration of three-axis magnetic field sensors is reviewed. Seven representative algorithms for in-situ calibration of magnetic field sensors without requiring any... (Review)
Review
The calibration of three-axis magnetic field sensors is reviewed. Seven representative algorithms for in-situ calibration of magnetic field sensors without requiring any special piece of equipment are reviewed. The algorithms are presented in a user friendly, directly applicable step-by-step form, and are compared in terms of accuracy, computational efficiency and robustness using both real sensors' data and artificial data with known sensor's measurement distortion.
Topics: Algorithms; Calibration; Magnetic Fields
PubMed: 34450730
DOI: 10.3390/s21165288 -
Journal of the Royal Society, Interface Aug 2022Hundreds of studies have found that weak magnetic fields can significantly influence various biological systems. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these... (Review)
Review
Hundreds of studies have found that weak magnetic fields can significantly influence various biological systems. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these phenomena remain elusive. Remarkably, the magnetic energies implicated in these effects are much smaller than thermal energies. Here, we review these observations, and we suggest an explanation based on the radical pair mechanism, which involves the quantum dynamics of the electron and nuclear spins of transient radical molecules. While the radical pair mechanism has been studied in detail in the context of avian magnetoreception, the studies reviewed here show that magnetosensitivity is widespread throughout biology. We review magnetic field effects on various physiological functions, discussing static, hypomagnetic and oscillating magnetic fields, as well as isotope effects. We then review the radical pair mechanism as a potential unifying model for the described magnetic field effects, and we discuss plausible candidate molecules for the radical pairs. We review recent studies proposing that the radical pair mechanism provides explanations for isotope effects in xenon anaesthesia and lithium treatment of hyperactivity, magnetic field effects on the circadian clock, and hypomagnetic field effects on neurogenesis and microtubule assembly. We conclude by discussing future lines of investigation in this exciting new area of quantum biology.
Topics: Animals; Biology; Birds; Magnetic Fields
PubMed: 35919980
DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0325 -
NMR in Biomedicine May 2023In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), inhomogeneity in the main magnetic field used for imaging, referred to as off-resonance, can lead to image artifacts ranging from... (Review)
Review
In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), inhomogeneity in the main magnetic field used for imaging, referred to as off-resonance, can lead to image artifacts ranging from mild to severe depending on the application. Off-resonance artifacts, such as signal loss, geometric distortions, and blurring, can compromise the clinical and scientific utility of MR images. In this review, we describe sources of off-resonance in MRI, how off-resonance affects images, and strategies to prevent and correct for off-resonance. Given recent advances and the great potential of low-field and/or portable MRI, we also highlight the advantages and challenges of imaging at low field with respect to off-resonance.
Topics: Artifacts; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Fields; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Phantoms, Imaging
PubMed: 36326709
DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4867 -
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Aug 2021Ultrasound has the potential to be broadly applied in the field of agricultural food processing due to advantages such as environmental friendliness, low energy costs,... (Review)
Review
Ultrasound has the potential to be broadly applied in the field of agricultural food processing due to advantages such as environmental friendliness, low energy costs, no need for exogenous additives and ease of operation. High-frequency ultrasound is mainly used in medical diagnosis and in the food industry for the identification of ingredients and production line quality testing, while low-frequency ultrasounds is mainly used for extraction and separation, accelerating chemical reactions, auxiliary microbial fermentation and quality enhancement in food industry. Magnetic fields have many advantages of convenient use, such as non-toxic, nonpolluting and safe. High-intensity pulsed magnetic fields are widely used as a physical non-thermal sterilization technology in food processing, while weak magnetic fields are better at activating microorganisms and promoting their growth. Ultrasound and magnetic fields, due to their positive biological effects, have a wide range of applications in the food processing industry. This paper provides an overview of the research progress and applications of ultrasound and magnetic fields in food processing from the perspectives of their biological effects and mechanisms of action. Additionally, with the development and application of physical field technology, physical fields can now be used to provide significant technical advantages for assisting fermentation. Suitable physical fields can promote the growth of microbial cells, improve mycelial production and increase metabolic activity. Furthermore, the current status of research into the use of ultrasound and magnetic field technologies for assisting the fermentation of rare edible fungi, is discussed.
Topics: Fermentation; Food Handling; Food Industry; Fungi; Magnetic Fields; Ultrasonic Waves
PubMed: 34119905
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105613 -
Cells Mar 2022The importance of magnetic micro- and nanoparticles for applications in biomedical technology is widely recognised. Many of these applications, including tissue... (Review)
Review
The importance of magnetic micro- and nanoparticles for applications in biomedical technology is widely recognised. Many of these applications, including tissue engineering, cell sorting, biosensors, drug delivery, and lab-on-chip devices, require remote manipulation of magnetic objects. High-gradient magnetic fields generated by micromagnets in the range of 10-10 T/m are sufficient for magnetic forces to overcome other forces caused by viscosity, gravity, and thermal fluctuations. In this paper, various magnetic systems capable of generating magnetic fields with required spatial gradients are analysed. Starting from simple systems of individual magnets and methods of field computation, more advanced magnetic microarrays obtained by lithography patterning of permanent magnets are introduced. More flexible field configurations can be formed with the use of soft magnetic materials magnetised by an external field, which allows control over both temporal and spatial field distributions. As an example, soft magnetic microwires are considered. A very attractive method of field generation is utilising tuneable domain configurations. In this review, we discuss the force requirements and constraints for different areas of application, emphasising the current challenges and how to overcome them.
Topics: Cell Separation; Magnetic Fields; Magnetics; Magnets; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 35326401
DOI: 10.3390/cells11060950