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Cells Jan 2022This review contains information on the development of magnetic biology, one of the multidisciplinary areas of biophysics. The main historical facts are presented and... (Review)
Review
This review contains information on the development of magnetic biology, one of the multidisciplinary areas of biophysics. The main historical facts are presented and the general observed properties of magnetobiological phenomena are listed. The unavoidable presence of nonspecific magnetobiological effects in the everyday life of a person and society is shown. Particular attention is paid to the formation of theoretical concepts in magnetobiology and the state of the art in this area of research. Some details are provided on the molecular mechanisms of the nonspecific action of a magnetic field on organisms. The prospects of magnetobiology for the near and distant future are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Biology; Humans; Magnetic Fields; Magnetics; Reproducibility of Results; Research
PubMed: 35053390
DOI: 10.3390/cells11020274 -
Cells Feb 2022Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in diagnostic medicine. MRI uses the static magnetic field to polarize nuclei spins, fast-switching magnetic field...
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in diagnostic medicine. MRI uses the static magnetic field to polarize nuclei spins, fast-switching magnetic field gradients to generate temporal and spatial resolution, and radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic waves to control the spin orientation. All these forms of magnetic static and electromagnetic RF fields interact with human tissue and cells. However, reports on the MRI technique's effects on the cells and human body are often inconsistent or contradictory. In both research and clinical MRI, recent progress in improving sensitivity and resolution is associated with the increased magnetic field strength of MRI magnets. Additionally, to improve the contrast of the images, the MRI technique often employs contrast agents, such as gadolinium-based Dotarem, with effects on cells and organs that are still disputable and not fully understood. Application of higher magnetic fields requires revisiting previously observed or potentially possible bio-effects. This article focuses on the influence of a static magnetic field gradient with and without a gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent (Dotarem) and the cellular and molecular effects of Dotarem on macrophages.
Topics: Animals; Contrast Media; Gadolinium; Macrophages; Magnetic Fields; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Meglumine; Mice; Organometallic Compounds
PubMed: 35269379
DOI: 10.3390/cells11050757 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022An unusual residual dipolar coupling of methylene protons was recorded in NMR spectra because aromatic zephycandidine has preferential orientation at the external...
An unusual residual dipolar coupling of methylene protons was recorded in NMR spectra because aromatic zephycandidine has preferential orientation at the external magnetic field. The observed splitting contains contribution from the dipole-dipole -coupling and the anisotropic component of -coupling. Absolute values of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility |Δ| are larger for protic solvents because of the hydrogen-bonding compared to aprotic solvents for which polar and dispersion forces are more important. The energy barrier for the reorientation due to hydrogen-bonding is 1.22 kJ/mol in methanol- 0.85 kJ/mol in ethanol- and 0.87 kJ/mol in acetic acid-. In dimethyl sulfoxide-, 1.08 kJ/mol corresponds to the interaction of solvent lone pair electrons with π-electrons of zephycandidine. This energy barrier decreases for acetone- which has smaller electric dipole moment. In acetonitrile-, there is no energy barrier which suggests solvent ordering around the solute due to the solvent-solvent interactions. The largest absolute values of the magnetic anisotropy are observed for aromatic benezene- and tolune- which have their own preferential orientation and enhance the order in the solution. The magnetic anisotropy of "isolated" zephycandidine, not hindered by intermolecular interaction could be estimated from the correlation between Δ and cohesion energy density.
Topics: Hydrogen Bonding; Solvents; Solutions; Protons; Magnetic Fields
PubMed: 36499439
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315118 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2021Electromagnetic tracking is a safe, reliable, and cost-effective method to track medical instruments in image-guided surgical navigation. However, patient motion and...
Electromagnetic tracking is a safe, reliable, and cost-effective method to track medical instruments in image-guided surgical navigation. However, patient motion and magnetic field distortions heavily impact the accuracy of tracked position and orientation. The use of redundant magnetic sensors can help to map and mitigate for patient movements and magnetic field distortions within the tracking region. We propose a planar inductive sensor design, printed on PCB and embedded into medical patches. The main advantage is the high repeatability and the cost benefit of using mass PCB manufacturing processes. The article presents new operative formulas for electromagnetic tracking of planar coils on the centimetre scale. The full magnetic analytical model is based on the mutual inductance between coils which can be approximated as being composed by straight conductive filaments. The full model is used to perform accurate system simulations and to assess the accuracy of faster simplified magnetic models, which are necessary to achieve real-time tracking in medical applications.
Topics: Electromagnetic Phenomena; Humans; Magnetic Fields; Surgery, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 33923811
DOI: 10.3390/s21082822 -
Nature Communications Nov 2022Rolling is a ubiquitous transport mode utilized by living organisms and engineered systems. However, rolling at the microscale has been constrained by the requirement of...
Rolling is a ubiquitous transport mode utilized by living organisms and engineered systems. However, rolling at the microscale has been constrained by the requirement of a physical boundary to break the spatial homogeneity of surrounding mediums, which limits its prospects for navigation to locations with no boundaries. Here, in the absence of real boundaries, we show that microswarms can execute rolling along virtual walls in liquids, impelled by a combination of magnetic and acoustic fields. A rotational magnetic field causes individual particles to self-assemble and rotate, while the pressure nodes of an acoustic standing wave field serve as virtual walls. The acoustic radiation force pushes the microswarms towards a virtual wall and provides the reaction force needed to break their fore-aft motion symmetry and induce rolling along arbitrary trajectories. The concept of reconfigurable virtual walls overcomes the fundamental limitation of a physical boundary being required for universal rolling movements.
Topics: Acoustics; Sound; Culture Media; Magnetic Fields; Motion
PubMed: 36446799
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35078-8 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022Magneto-mechano-electric (MME) composite devices have been used in energy harvesting and magnetic field sensing applications due to their advantages including their... (Review)
Review
Magneto-mechano-electric (MME) composite devices have been used in energy harvesting and magnetic field sensing applications due to their advantages including their high-performance, simple structure, and stable properties. Recently developed MME devices can convert stray magnetic fields into electric signals, thus generating an output power of over 50 mW and detecting ultra-tiny magnetic fields below pT. These inherent outstanding properties of MME devices can enable the development of not only self-powered energy harvesters for internet of thing (IoT) systems but also ultra-sensitive magnetic field sensors for diagnosis of human bio-magnetism or others. This manuscript provides a brief overview of recently reported high-performance MME devices for energy harvesting and magnetic sensing applications.
Topics: Electricity; Endrin; Humans; Magnetic Fields; Physical Phenomena
PubMed: 35957283
DOI: 10.3390/s22155723 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022The magneto-mechanical approach is a powerful technique used in many different applications in biomedicine, including remote control enzyme activity, cell receptors,... (Review)
Review
The magneto-mechanical approach is a powerful technique used in many different applications in biomedicine, including remote control enzyme activity, cell receptors, cancer-selective treatments, mechanically-activated drug releases, etc. This approach is based on the use of a combination of magnetic nanoparticles and external magnetic fields that have led to the movement of such nanoparticles with torques and forces (enough to change the conformation of biomolecules or even break weak chemical bonds). However, despite many theoretical and experimental works on this topic, it is difficult to predict the magneto-mechanical effects in each particular case, while the important results are scattered and often cannot be translated to other experiments. The main reason is that the magneto-mechanical effect is extremely sensitive to changes in any parameter of magnetic nanoparticles and the environment and changes in the parameters of the applied magnetic field. Thus, in this review, we (1) summarize and propose a simplified theoretical explanation of the main factors affecting the efficiency of the magneto-mechanical approach; (2) discuss the nature of the MNP-mediated mechanical forces and their order of magnitude; (3) show some of the main applications of the magneto-mechanical approach in the control over the properties of biological systems.
Topics: Magnetic Fields; Magnetics; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 36232435
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911134 -
PloS One 2022Elucidation of the static states and dynamic behavior of oxygen and nitrogen dissolved in water is one of the most important issues in the life sciences. In the present...
Elucidation of the static states and dynamic behavior of oxygen and nitrogen dissolved in water is one of the most important issues in the life sciences. In the present study, experimental trials and theoretical calculations were performed based on the hypothesis that the dissolution of gas molecules in water is related to excitation by the Earth's magnetic field. Using quantum theories such as those used to describe electro magnetic resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance, this study investigated the states of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen dissolved in water. The results indicate that the Earth's magnetic field is involved in the bonding and dissociation of molecules at the gas-liquid interface. These calculations assessed the effect of a field strength of 1.0 x 10-4 T and reproduced the influences of temperature changes on dissolved gas concentrations. Molecular interactions caused by electromagnetic properties and the external geomagnetic field were found to affect intermolar bonding associated with water cluster structures. It is concluded that the binding between molecules typically attributed to Coulomb coupling by magnetic charge and van der Waals forces results from excitation in the Earth's magnetic field.
Topics: Gases; Magnetic Fields; Nitrogen; Oxygen; Water
PubMed: 35552552
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267391 -
Magnetic Susceptibility Difference-Induced Nucleus Positioning in Gradient Ultrahigh Magnetic Field.Biophysical Journal Feb 2020Despite the importance of magnetic properties of biological samples for biomagnetism and related fields, the exact magnetic susceptibilities of most biological samples...
Despite the importance of magnetic properties of biological samples for biomagnetism and related fields, the exact magnetic susceptibilities of most biological samples in their physiological conditions are still unknown. Here we used superconducting quantum interferometer device to detect the magnetic properties of nonfixed, nondehydrated live cell and cellular fractions at a physiological temperature of 37°C (310 K). It is obvious that there are paramagnetic components within human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells. More importantly, the magnetic properties of the cytoplasm and nucleus are different. Although within a single cell, the magnetic susceptibility difference between cellular fractions (nucleus and cytoplasm) could only cause ∼41-130 pN forces to the nucleus by gradient ultrahigh magnetic fields of 13.1-23.5 T (92-160 T/m), these forces are enough to cause a relative position shift of the nucleus within the cell. This not only demonstrates the importance of magnetic susceptibility in the biological effects of magnetic field but also illustrates the potential application of high magnetic fields in biomedicine.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Fields; Magnetics; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 31952800
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.12.020 -
Investigative Radiology Nov 2021Ultrahigh magnetic fields offer significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio, and several magnetic resonance applications additionally benefit from a higher... (Review)
Review
Ultrahigh magnetic fields offer significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio, and several magnetic resonance applications additionally benefit from a higher contrast-to-noise ratio, with static magnetic field strengths of B0 ≥ 7 T currently being referred to as ultrahigh fields (UHFs). The advantages of UHF can be used to resolve structures more precisely or to visualize physiological/pathophysiological effects that would be difficult or even impossible to detect at lower field strengths. However, with these advantages also come challenges, such as inhomogeneities applying standard radiofrequency excitation techniques, higher energy deposition in the human body, and enhanced B0 field inhomogeneities. The advantages but also the challenges of UHF as well as promising advanced methodological developments and clinical applications that particularly benefit from UHF are discussed in this review article.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Fields; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Signal-To-Noise Ratio
PubMed: 34510098
DOI: 10.1097/RLI.0000000000000820