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Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2022Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common, chronic, and relapsing skin disease. The roles of spp. in the pathogenesis of SD are still not clear due to the lack of direct...
Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common, chronic, and relapsing skin disease. The roles of spp. in the pathogenesis of SD are still not clear due to the lack of direct evidence for the existence of hyphae within affected skin tissues. We set out to elucidate if mycelium contributes to the onset and development of SD and if mycelium is correlated with the clinical severity of SD patients. We detected hyphae in patients with SD using potassium hydroxide (KOH) and calcofluor white (CFW) staining. Fluorescent microscopy was performed for the analysis of fungal cell wall and morphological characteristics of under CFW staining. Culture growth in modified Dixon agar was used for DNA extraction and sequencing, and species were confirmed by a sequencing data BLAST search against the NCBI database. We demonstrated that hyphae were positively correlated with the clinical severity of SD patients (= 3.1738 × 10). All the patients responded well to antifungal treatment. There is no significant difference for species dominance across the variant groups. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of how spp. affect SD need to be further explored. The results show that spp. in the hyphal stage are restricted to SD patients compared with healthy controls, suggesting that the presence of hyphae contributes to the pathogenesis of SD. The results highlight the importance of the antifungal therapy for the future treatment of SD patients. Our results support the proposal that the hyphal form of could be one of the pathogenic factors that contribute to SD, which has been previously less well studied. This clinical observation paves the way for further investigations of the molecular mechanisms of hyphal pathogenicity in SD.
Topics: Adult; Antifungal Agents; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Dermatomycoses; Female; Humans; Hyphae; Malassezia; Male; Middle Aged; Skin
PubMed: 35019692
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01169-21 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2023Several studies have reported the pathogenic role of in atopic dermatitis (AD); the significance of 's influence on AD needs to be further investigated. Dupilumab, a...
Several studies have reported the pathogenic role of in atopic dermatitis (AD); the significance of 's influence on AD needs to be further investigated. Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody to anti-Interleukin (IL) 4Rα, and ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK)1/2 inhibitor, are the first approved biologics and inhibitors widely used for AD treatment. In this study, we aimed to investigate how () affects the skin barrier and inflammation in AD and interacts with the AD therapeutic agents ruxolitinib and anti-IL4Rα. To induce an in vitro AD model, a reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) was treated with IL-4 and IL-13. was inoculated on the surface of RHE, and anti-IL4Rα or ruxolitinib was supplemented to model treated AD lesions. Histological and molecular analyses were performed. Skin barrier and ceramide-related molecules were downregulated by and reverted by anti-IL4Rα and ruxolitinib. Antimicrobial peptides, VEGF, Th2-related, and JAK/STAT pathway molecules were upregulated by and suppressed by anti-IL4Rα and ruxolitinib. These findings show that aggravated skin barrier function and Th2 inflammation and decreased the efficacy of anti-IL4Rα and ruxolitinib.
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Atopic; Malassezia; Janus Kinases; STAT Transcription Factors; Signal Transduction; Epidermis; Inflammation
PubMed: 37047166
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076171 -
The Journal of Investigative... Dec 2007Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis (D/SD) share an etiology dependent upon three factors: sebum, microbial metabolism (specifically, Malassezia yeasts), and individual... (Review)
Review
Dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis (D/SD) share an etiology dependent upon three factors: sebum, microbial metabolism (specifically, Malassezia yeasts), and individual susceptibility. Advances in microbiological and analytical techniques permit a more detailed understanding of these etiologic factors, especially the role of Malassezia. Malassezia are lipid-dependent and demonstrate adaptation allowing them to exploit a narrow niche on sebum-rich skin. Work in our and our collaborators' laboratories has focused on understanding these adaptations by detailed analysis of biochemistry and gene expression. We have shown that Malassezia globosa and M. restricta predominate on dandruff scalp, that oleic acid alone can initiate dandruff-like desquamation, that M. globosa is the most likely initiating organism by virtue of its high lipase activity, and that an M. globosa lipase is expressed on human scalp. Considering the importance of M. globosa in D/SD (and the overall importance of commensal fungi), we have sequenced the M. globosa and M. restricta genomes. Genomic analysis indicates key adaptations to the skin environment, several of which yield important clues to the role Malassezia play in human disease. This work offers the promise of defining new treatments to D/SD that are targeted at changing the level or activities of Malassezia genes.
Topics: Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Disease Susceptibility; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Genome, Fungal; Humans; Lipase; Malassezia; Scalp Dermatoses; Sebaceous Glands; Sebum
PubMed: 18004291
DOI: 10.1038/sj.jidsymp.5650049 -
The New Microbiologica Apr 2022We explore the association of Malassezia and IL-23/IL-17 axis in the skin lesions of patients with Psoriasis. From October 2018 to October 2020, 202 psoriasis patients...
We explore the association of Malassezia and IL-23/IL-17 axis in the skin lesions of patients with Psoriasis. From October 2018 to October 2020, 202 psoriasis patients were hospitalized in the dermatology department of Yantaishan hospital. The patients' skin lesions were collected, and Malassezia-specific mRNA in the skin lesions was determined. The patients were subdivided into Malassezia high and low distribution groups as per the Malassezia-specific mRNA results. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores between the two groups were performed. LL-37, IL-23, IL-17A, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) expression in the skin lesions of the two groups were determined. Malassezia mRNA and the correlation of LL-37 with inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-23, and IL-17A were determined. The relevance of inflammatory factors, Malassezia infection, and LL-37 content with PASI score were studied. The Malassezia high distribution group was treated with etoconazole, and the effects of treatment on the PASI score, IL-23, TNF-α, and IL-17A were determined. The PASI score, neutrophil, eosinophil, and peripheral blood white blood cell counts, and lgG in the Malassezia high distribution group were significantly higher than in the low distribution group (P<0.05). IL-23, LL-37, TNF-α, and IL-17A levels in the Malassezia high distribution group were significantly higher than in the low distribution group (P<0.05). Malassezia and LL-37 levels had a moderate positive correlation (R=0.5009, P<0.0001). Malassezia and LL-37, IL-17A, TNF-a, and IL- 23 correlated positively. Malassezia, IL-17A, LL37, TNF-a, and IL-23 correlated positively with the PASI score of Psoriasis. Ketoconazole therapy inhibited the PASI score, IL-23, TNF-a, and IL-17A expressions in patients. Malassezia enhances the progression of Psoriasis through the aberrant activation of the IL-23/IL-17 axis.
Topics: Humans; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-23; Malassezia; Psoriasis; RNA, Messenger; Severity of Illness Index; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 35699562
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020is the most abundant eukaryotic microbial genus on human skin. Similar to many human-residing fungi, has high metabolic potential and secretes a plethora of hydrolytic...
is the most abundant eukaryotic microbial genus on human skin. Similar to many human-residing fungi, has high metabolic potential and secretes a plethora of hydrolytic enzymes that can potentially modify and structure the external skin environment. Here we show that the dominant secreted protease isolated from cultured is an aspartyl protease that is secreted and active at all phases of culture growth. We observed that this protease, herein named as MfSAP1 ( secreted aspartyl protease 1) has a broader substrate cleavage profile and higher catalytic efficiency than the previously reported protease homolog in . We demonstrate that MfSAP1 is capable of degrading a wide range of human skin associated extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and ECM isolated directly from keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Using a 3-D wound model with primary keratinocytes grown on human de-epidermized dermis, we show that MfSAP1 protease can potentially interfere with wound re-epithelization in an acute wound model. Taken together, our work demonstrates that proteases have host-associated substrates and play important roles in cutaneous wound healing.
Topics: Aspartic Acid Proteases; Extracellular Matrix; Humans; Malassezia; Peptide Hydrolases; Skin
PubMed: 32328468
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00148 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020is the most prevalent fungus identified in the human skin microbiota; originally described at the end of the nineteenth century, this genus is composed of at least 14... (Review)
Review
is the most prevalent fungus identified in the human skin microbiota; originally described at the end of the nineteenth century, this genus is composed of at least 14 species. The role of on the skin remains controversial because this genus has been associated with both healthy skin and pathologies (dermatitis, eczema, etc.). However, with the recent development of next-generation sequencing methods, allowing the description of the fungal diversity of various microbiota, has also been identified as a resident fungus of diverse niches such as the gut or breast milk. A potential role for in gut inflammation and cancer has also been suggested by recent studies. The aim of this review is to describe the findings on in these unusual niches, to investigate what is known of the adaptation of to the gut environment and to speculate on the role of this yeast in the host physiology specifically related to the gastrointestinal tract.
Topics: Female; Fungi; Humans; Malassezia; Microbiota; Milk, Human; Skin
PubMed: 32528901
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00201 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Infectious dermatological diseases caused by are often chronic, recurrent, and recalcitrant. Current therapeutic options are usually tedious, repetitive, and associated...
Infectious dermatological diseases caused by are often chronic, recurrent, and recalcitrant. Current therapeutic options are usually tedious, repetitive, and associated with adverse effects. Alternatives that broaden the treatment options and reduce side effects for patients are needed. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an emerging approach that is quite suitable for superficial infections. The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy and effect of aPDT mediated by haematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) and aloe emodin (AE) on clinical isolates of . The photodynamic antimicrobial efficacy of HMME and AE against was assessed by colony forming unit (CFU) assay. The uptake of HMME and AE by cells was investigated by fluorescence microscopy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) probe and flow cytometry were employed to evaluate the intracellular ROS level. The effect of HMME and AE-mediated aPDT on secreted protease and lipase activity of was also investigated. The results showed that HMME and AE in the presence of light effectively inactivated cells in a photosensitizer (PS) concentration and light energy dose-dependent manner. AE exhibited higher antimicrobial efficacy against than HMME under the same irradiation condition. HMME and AE-mediated aPDT disturbed the fungal cell envelop, significantly increased the intracellular ROS level, and effectively inhibited the activity of secreted protease and lipase of cells. The results suggest that HMME and AE have potential to serve as PSs in the photodynamic treatment of dermatological diseases caused by , but further or experiments are needed to verify that they can meet the requirements for clinical practice.
PubMed: 34867868
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.749106 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Accumulating evidence indicates that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a significantly higher risk of developing different cancers, while the exact...
Accumulating evidence indicates that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a significantly higher risk of developing different cancers, while the exact mechanism involved is not yet fully understood. is a lipid-dependent opportunistic yeast, which colonizes on mammalian skin and internal organs. Also, dysbiosis in fungal communities accompanied by high level of are fairly common in inflammatory diseases such as IBD and various cancers. In cancer patients, higher levels of are associated with worse prognosis. Once it is ablated in tumor-bearing mice, their prognostic conditions will be improved. Moreover, manifests multiple proinflammatory biological properties, such as destruction of epithelial barrier, enrichment of inflammatory factors, and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), all of which have been reported to contribute to tumor initiation and malignant progression. Based on these facts, we hypothesize that high levels of together with mycobiome dysbiosis in patients with IBD, would aggravate the microecological imbalance, worsen the inflammatory response, and further promote tumorigenesis and deterioration. Herein, we will discuss the detrimental properties of and explore the key role of this fungus in the correlation between IBD and cancer, in order to take early surveillance and intervention to minimize the cancer risk in individuals with IBD.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chronic Disease; Dysbiosis; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Malassezia; Mammals; Mice; Mycobiome
PubMed: 35309351
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846469 -
Mycoses Jul 2022Lipophilic basidiomycetous yeasts of the Malassezia genus can cause various skin diseases, such as seborrheic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor, folliculitis and atopic...
BACKGROUND
Lipophilic basidiomycetous yeasts of the Malassezia genus can cause various skin diseases, such as seborrheic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor, folliculitis and atopic dermatitis, and even life-threatening fungemia in newborns and immunocompromised individuals. Routine mycological media used in clinical practice do not contain sufficient lipid ingredients required for the growth of Malassezia species. A recently developed medium, FastFung agar, is promising for culturing fastidious fungal species.
METHODS
In this study, we compared FastFung agar and mDixon agar for culturing Malassezia species from nasolabial fold and retroauricular specimens of 83 healthy individuals and 187 and 57 patients with acne vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis, respectively.
RESULTS
Malassezia species were identified using conventional tests and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry. In total, 96 of 654 samples (14.6%) contained Malassezia species. The total isolation rate was significantly higher in patients with seborrheic dermatitis (40.4%) than in healthy volunteers (21.7%; p < .05), and the rate of M. furfur isolation was significantly higher for patients with acne vulgaris (13.9%) and seborrheic dermatitis (24.6%) than for healthy individuals (1.5%; p < .05). FastFung agar was superior to mDixon agar in M. furfur isolation (p = .004) but showed similar performance in the case of non-M. furfur species (p > .05). Among cultured Malassezia species, perfect agreement between mDixon agar and FastFung agar was found only for M. globosa (κ = 0.90).
CONCLUSION
Our results indicate that FastFung agar favours the growth of Malassezia species and should be useful in clinical mycology laboratories.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Agar; Dermatitis, Seborrheic; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Malassezia; Skin; Tinea Versicolor
PubMed: 35506984
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13450