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European Journal of Radiology Dec 2012Objective is to identify epidemiologic and radiologic criteria allowing specific diagnoses of tumors and tumor-like lesions in the hip region and pelvis, and to optimize... (Review)
Review
Objective is to identify epidemiologic and radiologic criteria allowing specific diagnoses of tumors and tumor-like lesions in the hip region and pelvis, and to optimize pre-operative staging. Patients with pelvic tumors are usually older, and their tumors are larger relative to patients with tumors in extremities. The majority of tumors in the pelvis are malignant (metastases, myeloma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing-, osteo-, and MFH/fibrosarcoma), while those in the proximal femur are in majority benign (fibrous dysplasia, solitary bone cyst, and osteoid osteoma). Soft tissue masses in the thigh in the elderly are typically sarcomas without tumor specific signs. Common tumor-like lesions occurring in the hip and pelvis that can mimic neoplasm are: infections (including tuberculosis), insufficiency/avulsion fractures, cysts, fibrous dysplasia, aneurysmal bone cyst, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and Paget's disease. Local MR staging is based on the compartmental anatomy. The psoas and gluteal muscles are easily invaded by sarcoma originating in the ileum. The pectineus muscle protects the neurovascular bundle at the level of the hip. The thigh is separated into three compartments, some structures (Sartorius muscle) cross borders between compartments. Immobile joints (SI-joints, osteoarthritic hip) are relatively easily crossed by sarcoma and giant cell tumor.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pelvic Neoplasms; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 21524868
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2011.03.101 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2020Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent and malignant cancer types in men, which causes more than three-hundred thousand cancer death each year. At late stage... (Review)
Review
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent and malignant cancer types in men, which causes more than three-hundred thousand cancer death each year. At late stage of PCa progression, bone marrow is the most often metastatic site that constitutes almost 70% of metastatic cases of the PCa population. However, the characteristic for the osteo-philic property of PCa is still puzzling. Recent studies reported that the Wnt and Ras signaling pathways are pivotal in bone metastasis and that take parts in different cytological changes, but their crosstalk is not well studied. In this review, we focused on interactions between the Wnt and Ras signaling pathways during each stage of bone metastasis and present the fate of those interactions. This review contributes insights that can guide other researchers by unveiling more details with regard to bone metastasis and might also help in finding potential therapeutic regimens for preventing PCa bone metastasis.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Disease Progression; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostate; Prostatic Neoplasms; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32443915
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102380 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Jan 2007Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumour of the skeleton characterised by the direct formation of immature bone or osteoid tissue by the tumour cells. The classic... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumour of the skeleton characterised by the direct formation of immature bone or osteoid tissue by the tumour cells. The classic osteosarcoma is a rare (0.2% of all malignant tumours) highly malignant tumour, with an estimated incidence of 3 cases/million population/year. Osteosarcoma arises predominantly in the long bones and rarely in the soft tissues. The age at presentation ranges from 10 to 25 years of age. Plain radiographs, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, angiography and dynamic bone scintigraphy are used for diagnosis, evaluation the extent of tumour involvement and decision of the type of operation and, if necessary, the type of reconstruction. Years ago, all patients with osteosarcoma were treated by amputation but the cure rate was under 10% and almost all patients died within a year from diagnosis. Today, for localised osteosarcoma at onset (80% of cases) treated in specialized bone tumour centres with pre- and postoperative chemotherapy associated with surgery, the percentage of patients cured varies between 60% and 70%. Surgery is conservative (limb salvage) in more than 90% of patients. Prognosis is more severe (cure rate about 30%) for tumours located in the axial skeleton and in patients with metastasis at onset.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Incidence; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms, Bone Tissue; Osteosarcoma; Prognosis; Sex Distribution
PubMed: 17244349
DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-2-6 -
Journal of Orthopaedic Science :... Jan 2014Of the biological reconstruction methods for malignant bone and soft tissue tumors, reconstruction with liquid nitrogen has the advantage of maintaining continuity on...
BACKGROUND
Of the biological reconstruction methods for malignant bone and soft tissue tumors, reconstruction with liquid nitrogen has the advantage of maintaining continuity on the distal side of the tumor bone site (pedicle freezing procedure; PFP). This method is expected to result in early blood flow recovery, with early union and low complication rate. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of the PFP and free freezing procedure (FFP) in the lower extremities.
METHODS
The study included 20 patients (12 men and 8 women) with frozen autografts (FFP, 13 cases; PFP, 7 cases). The mean age of the subjects was 36.3 years (range 11-79 years), and the mean follow-up period was 56.4 months (range 12-142 months).
RESULTS
Final bone union occurred in 11 patients in the FFP group (84.6%) and in 7 patients in the PFP group (100%). The mean union period in patients who did not need additional surgery was 9.8 months (range 4-21 months) in the FFP group and 4.8 months (range 2-7 months) in the PFP group. Postoperative complications occurred in 8 cases: infection in 3 cases, fracture in 3 cases, and joint destruction in 2 cases. Six FFP patients, and 2 PFP patients (two cases of fracture), developed postoperative complications.
CONCLUSIONS
The union period was shorter and the rate of postoperative complications was lower with the PFP than with the FFP. We considered that early blood flow recovery might have led to the above results in the PFP.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Autografts; Bone Neoplasms; Bone Transplantation; Child; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Freezing; Humans; Limb Salvage; Lower Extremity; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Specimen Handling; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 24158433
DOI: 10.1007/s00776-013-0487-x -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Mar 2010The clinical presentation of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas is varied. Constitutional symptoms are rare, and although bone sarcomas tend to be painful while soft-tissue... (Review)
Review
The clinical presentation of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas is varied. Constitutional symptoms are rare, and although bone sarcomas tend to be painful while soft-tissue sarcomas usually are not, there are exceptions to this general rule. A high index of suspicion is required for any unexplained mass with indeterminate imaging findings. Choosing the right imaging modality is critical to the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected sarcoma, and referring clinicians have a multitude of imaging options. After discovery of a malignant-appearing bone lesion by radiography, further imaging is obtained for better characterization of the lesion (typically with magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and for staging (typically with computed tomography of the chest). In contrast, radiographs are rarely helpful for evaluation of soft-tissue lesions, which almost always require MRI assessment.
Topics: Biopsy; Bone Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Osteosarcoma; Positron-Emission Tomography; Sarcoma; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 20179183
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.77.s1.01 -
Matrix Biology : Journal of the... 2016Metastasis is the major cause of death in cancer patients, and a frequent site of metastasis for many cancers is the bone marrow. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms... (Review)
Review
Metastasis is the major cause of death in cancer patients, and a frequent site of metastasis for many cancers is the bone marrow. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the metastatic process is necessary for future prevention and treatment. The tumor microenvironment is now known to play a role in the metastatic cascade, both at the primary tumor and in metastatic sites, and includes both cellular and non-cellular components. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support and signaling cues to cells. One particular group of molecules associated with the ECM, known as matricellular proteins, modulate multiple aspects of tumor biology, including growth, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. These proteins are also important for normal function in the bone by regulating bone formation and bone resorption. Recent studies have described a link between some of these proteins and metastasis of various tumors to the bone. The aim of this review is to summarize what is currently known about matricellular protein influence on bone metastasis. Particular attention to the contribution of both tumor cells and non-malignant cells in the bone has been given.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Extracellular Matrix Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 26807761
DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.01.006 -
Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2021To evaluate the clinical utility of quantitative values obtained with bone single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for primary bone...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the clinical utility of quantitative values obtained with bone single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for primary bone neoplasms.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Bone SPECT/CT scans of 23 patients with 19 benign bone neoplasms (5 osteoid osteomas, 4 bone giant cell tumor, 4 osteofibrous dysplasia, 3 intraosseous ganglion, 2 aneurysmal bone cyst, 1 intraosseous hemangioma) and 5 malignant bone neoplasms (2 osteosarcoma, 1 periosteal osteosarcoma, 1 malignancy in bone giant cell tumor, 1 Ewing sarcoma) were retrospectively analyzed with maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), peak SUV (SUVpeak), mean SUV (SUVmean), metabolic bone volume (MBV), and total bone uptake (TBU) of primary lesions.
RESULTS
Mean SUVmax of 19 benign and 5 malignant primary bone neoplasms were 6.89±3.26 (range 3.9-15.13) and 10.31±3.19 (5.0-13.45) respectively, with statistically significant difference (P=0.048). Mean SUVpeak of those were 5.87±2.83 (range 3.5-13.63) and 9.18±3.05 (4.09-12.03) respectively, with statistically significant difference (P=0.032). Mean SUVmean of those were 4.43±2.11 (range 2.59-9.37) and 7.13±2.90 (3.3-10.42) respectively, with statistically significant difference (P=0.027). Mean MBV of those were 22.0±30.0 (range 2.47-110.61) and 27.8±39.94 (8.59-99.24) respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P=0.72). Mean TBU of those were 80.64±94.57 (range 10.50-373.57) and 166.60±203.97 (28.68-528.13) respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P=0.17).
CONCLUSION
Quantitative values obtained with bone SPECT/CT may serve as osteoblastic biomarkers for primary bone neoplasm.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 33866337
DOI: 10.1967/s002449912304 -
Acta Biomaterialia Nov 2019Malignant bone tumors are aggressive neoplasms which arise from bone tissue or as a result of metastasis. The most prevalent types of cancer, such as breast, prostate,... (Review)
Review
Malignant bone tumors are aggressive neoplasms which arise from bone tissue or as a result of metastasis. The most prevalent types of cancer, such as breast, prostate, and lung cancer, all preferentially metastasize to bone, yet the role of the bone niche in promoting cancer progression remains poorly understood. Tissue engineering has the potential to bridge this knowledge gap by providing 3D in vitro systems that can be specifically designed to mimic key properties of the bone niche in a more physiologically relevant context than standard 2D culture. Elucidating the crucial components of the bone niche that recruit metastatic cells, support tumor growth, and promote cancer-induced destruction of bone tissue would support efforts for preventing and treating these devastating malignancies. In this review, we summarize recent efforts focused on developing in vitro 3D models of primary bone cancer and bone metastasis using tissue engineering approaches. Such 3D in vitro models can enable the identification of effective therapeutic targets and facilitate high-throughput drug screening to effectively treat bone cancers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomaterials-based 3D culture have been traditionally used for tissue regeneration. Recent research harnessed biomaterials to create 3D in vitro cancer models, with demonstrated advantages over conventional 2D culture in recapitulating tumor progression and drug response in vivo. However, previous work has been largely limited to modeling soft tissue cancer, such as breast cancer and brain cancer. Unlike soft tissues, bone is characterized with high stiffness and mineral content. Primary bone cancer affects mostly children with poor treatment outcomes, and bone is the most common site of cancer metastasis. Here we summarize emerging efforts on engineering 3D bone cancer models using tissue engineering approaches, and future directions needed to further advance this relatively new research area.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Biomimetics; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Hydrogels; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Spheroids, Cellular; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 31419564
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.08.020 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022Osteosarcoma represents a rare cause of cancer in the general population, accounting for <1% of malignant neoplasms globally. Nonetheless, it represents the main cause... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma represents a rare cause of cancer in the general population, accounting for <1% of malignant neoplasms globally. Nonetheless, it represents the main cause of malignant bone neoplasm in children, adolescents and young adults under 20 years of age. It also presents another peak of incidence in people over 50 years of age and is associated with rheumatic diseases. Numerous environmental risk factors, such as bone diseases, genetics and a history of previous neoplasms, have been widely described in the literature, which allows monitoring a certain group of patients. Diagnosis requires numerous imaging tests that make it possible to stratify both the local involvement of the disease and its distant spread, which ominously determines the prognosis. Thanks to various clinical trials, the usefulness of different chemotherapy regimens, radiotherapy and surgical techniques with radical intent has now been demonstrated; these represent improvements in both prognosis and therapeutic approaches. Osteosarcoma patients should be evaluated in reference centres by multidisciplinary committees with extensive experience in proper management. Although numerous genetic and rheumatological diseases and risk factors have been described, the use of serological, genetic or other biomarkers has been limited in clinical practice compared to other neoplasms. This limits both the initial follow-up of these patients and screening in populations at risk. In addition, we cannot forget that the diagnosis is mainly based on the direct biopsy of the lesion and imaging tests, which illustrates the need to study new diagnostic alternatives. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review the natural history of the disease and describe the main biomarkers, explaining their clinical uses, prognosis and limitations.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Young Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Osteosarcoma; Bone Neoplasms; Incidence
PubMed: 36499267
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314939 -
PloS One 2020Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the bone (MFH-B) is an extremely rare and aggressive malignancy. The clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with...
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the bone (MFH-B) is an extremely rare and aggressive malignancy. The clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with MFH-B have not been defined. We conducted a retrospective study using the data of all MFH-B patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database between 1975 and 2016. Initially, the clinicopathological characteristics were described. The difference in prognosis between patients with MFH-B and those with osteosarcoma was compared using propensity score matching analysis. Then, the features affecting the prognosis of patients with MFH-B were further determined using Cox regression analysis. A total of 318 patients with MFH-B were identified. The median overall survival (mOS) of all 318 patients with MFH-B was 29.0 months. The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10- year survival rates were 67.4%, 53.6%, 38.7%, and 28.7%, respectively. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that older age, distant metastases, and flat bone lesion were independent factors for worse prognosis, whereas surgery was an independent factor for favorable survival, and this intervention could decrease risk of death by 61% (HR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.28-0.54). Apart from this, the prognosis of patients with MFH-B was significantly worse than that of patients with osteosarcoma in both unmatched and matched cohorts. In conclusion, MFH-B is a rare malignant bone cancer, with relatively worse prognosis than osteosarcoma. Older age, distant metastases, flat bone lesion, and surgery were independently associated with prognosis. In order to understand this disease more thoroughly and accurately, more cases with adequate information are required in the future.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Databases, Factual; Female; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Osteosarcoma; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate
PubMed: 32492019
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232466