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Clinical Orthopaedics and Related... Feb 2011Patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone (MFH-B) and osteosarcoma reportedly have comparable survival rates, despite the lesser chemosensitivity of patients...
BACKGROUND
Patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone (MFH-B) and osteosarcoma reportedly have comparable survival rates, despite the lesser chemosensitivity of patients with MFH-B compared with those with osteosarcoma.
QUESTIONS/PURPOSES
We therefore asked (1) whether there is a difference in the initial tumor volume, histologic response, and survival between cohorts with MFH-B and osteosarcoma, and (2) whether histologic responses and survival rates differed between two groups even after matching for volume and age.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We retrospectively compared 27 patients with Stage IIB MFH-B with 389 patients with localized osteosarcoma for initial tumor volume, age, histologic response, and survival. We compared histologic response and survival between 27 patients with MFH-B and 54 patients with osteosarcoma matched for tumor volume and age.
RESULTS
MFH-B occurred more frequently in older patients and they presented with a smaller mean tumor volume and more frequent osteolytic pattern when compared with patients with osteosarcoma. The 5-year metastasis-free survival rates of the MFH-B and osteosarcoma groups were similar: 61.2% ± 9.7% and 61.3% ± 2.5%, respectively. We observed similar proportions of good responders to chemotherapy in the two groups, and the 5-year metastasis-free survival rates were 61.2% ± 9.7% and 70.4% ± 6.2%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with MFH-B and osteosarcoma have similar survival rates and histologic responses to chemotherapy. Although MFH-B and osteosarcoma differ in clinical presentation, their response pattern to contemporary therapy is similar.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Level III, prognostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antineoplastic Agents; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Osteosarcoma; Prognosis; Republic of Korea; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Young Adult
PubMed: 20559764
DOI: 10.1007/s11999-010-1428-z -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Aug 2018Chordoma is a rare malignant tumor of the skull base and axial skeleton, with an incidence of less than 0.1/100,000 per year. Patients with advanced chordoma have a poor... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Chordoma is a rare malignant tumor of the skull base and axial skeleton, with an incidence of less than 0.1/100,000 per year. Patients with advanced chordoma have a poor prognosis due to locoregional recurrence with infiltration and destruction of surrounding bone and soft tissue. Cytotoxic chemotherapy or other systemic therapies have not been proven to be effective for these diseases. Therefore, several molecularly targeted therapies have been proposed as potentially beneficial, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib, sorafenib, lapatinib, and others.
CASE PRESENTATION
We present three cases of advanced chordoma treated with molecular targeted therapies: a 52-year-old Caucasian man, a 72-year-old Caucasian woman, and a 38-year-old Caucasian woman.
CONCLUSIONS
Chordoma has few systemic treatment options and they have limited benefit. Randomized trials with large patient numbers are unfeasible in this rare disease. Targeted therapy might be a reasonable alternative treatment for chordoma. Still, new treatment strategies are needed for this rare disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Chordoma; Cranial Fossa, Posterior; Female; Humans; Imatinib Mesylate; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Sacrum; Skull Base Neoplasms; Spinal Neoplasms; Sunitinib
PubMed: 30145982
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1784-y -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Bone is a common organ for solid tumor metastasis. Malignant bone tumor becomes insensitive to systemic therapy after colonization, followed by poor prognosis and high... (Review)
Review
Bone is a common organ for solid tumor metastasis. Malignant bone tumor becomes insensitive to systemic therapy after colonization, followed by poor prognosis and high relapse rate. Immune and bone cells constitute a unique immune microenvironment, which plays a crucial role in the context of bone metastasis. This review firstly focuses on lymphatic cells in bone metastatic cancer, including their function in tumor dissemination, invasion, growth and possible cytotoxicity-induced eradication. Subsequently, we examine myeloid cells, namely macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, dendritic cells, and megakaryocytes, evaluating their interaction with cytotoxic T lymphocytes and contribution to bone metastasis. As important components of skeletal tissue, osteoclasts and osteoblasts derived from bone marrow stromal cells, engaging in 'vicious cycle' accelerate osteolytic bone metastasis. We also explain the concept tumor dormancy and investigate underlying role of immune microenvironment on it. Additionally, a thorough review of emerging treatments for bone metastatic malignancy in clinical research, especially immunotherapy, is presented, indicating current challenges and opportunities in research and development of bone metastasis therapies.
Topics: Humans; Tumor Microenvironment; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Bone and Bones; Bone Neoplasms; Macrophages
PubMed: 38464516
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1335366 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2015Osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that accounts for the majority of primary bone tumors in dogs and shares biological and clinical similarities with... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm that accounts for the majority of primary bone tumors in dogs and shares biological and clinical similarities with osteosarcoma in humans. Despite dose intensification with conventional cytotoxic therapies, survival times for dogs and humans diagnosed with high-grade osteosarcoma have not changed in the past 20 years, with the principal cause of mortality being the development of pulmonary metastases. Given the therapeutic plateau reached for delaying metastatic progression with cytotoxic agents, exploration of alterative adjuvant therapies for improving management of osteosarcoma micrometastases is clinically justified. Evidence suggests that osteosarcoma is an immunogenic tumor, and development of immunotherapies for the treatment of microscopic lung metastases might improve long-term outcomes. In this review, the history and foundational knowledge of immune interactions to canine osteosarcoma are highlighted. In parallel, immunotherapeutic strategies that have been explored for the treatment of canine osteosarcoma are summarized. With a greater understanding and awareness for how the immune system might be redirected toward combating osteosarcoma metastases, the rational development of diverse immune strategies for managing osteosarcoma holds substantial promise for transforming the therapeutic landscape and improving disease management in both dogs and human beings.
Topics: Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Humoral; Immunotherapy; Osteosarcoma
PubMed: 25929293
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12603 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2018Unlike other malignant bone tumors including osteosarcomas and Ewing sarcomas with a peak incidence in adolescents and young adults, conventional and dedifferentiated... (Review)
Review
Unlike other malignant bone tumors including osteosarcomas and Ewing sarcomas with a peak incidence in adolescents and young adults, conventional and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas mainly affect people in the 4th to 7th decade of life. To date, the cell type of chondrosarcoma origin is not clearly defined. However, it seems that mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSPC) in the bone marrow facing a pro-proliferative as well as predominantly chondrogenic differentiation milieu, as is implicated in early stage osteoarthritis (OA) at that age, are the source of chondrosarcoma genesis. But how can MSPC become malignant? Indeed, only one person in 1,000,000 will develop a chondrosarcoma, whereas the incidence of OA is a thousandfold higher. This means a rare coincidence of factors allowing escape from senescence and apoptosis together with induction of angiogenesis and migration is needed to generate a chondrosarcoma. At early stages, chondrosarcomas are still assumed to be an intermediate type of tumor which rarely metastasizes. Unfortunately, advanced stages show a pronounced resistance both against chemo- and radiation-therapy and frequently metastasize. In this review, we elucidate signaling pathways involved in the genesis and therapeutic resistance of chondrosarcomas with a focus on MSPC compared to signaling in articular cartilage (AC).
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Bone Neoplasms; Cell Proliferation; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cellular Microenvironment; Chondrogenesis; Chondrosarcoma; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Hyaline Cartilage; Hypoxia; Incidence; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Stem Cells
PubMed: 29361725
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010311 -
Skeletal Radiology Sep 2020Giant cell tumours of bone (GCTB) are benign giant cell-rich tumours typically occurring in the epi-metaphysis of skeletally mature patients. Despite their benign... (Review)
Review
Giant cell tumours of bone (GCTB) are benign giant cell-rich tumours typically occurring in the epi-metaphysis of skeletally mature patients. Despite their benign classification, GCTB may be locally aggressive with local recurrence as a challenging issue. Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits osteolysis via the RANK-RANK ligand pathway. There is currently no consensus on optimal treatment duration or imaging modality for monitoring patients on denosumab therapy. This review illustrates the radiological findings of GCTB on denosumab treatment seen on plain radiographs, CT, MRI, PET-CT and DEXA, with reference to the current literature. Recognizing imaging features indicative of a positive response to denosumab is important for therapeutic decision-making. Imaging findings with respect to duration of denosumab treatment, tumour upregulation during treatment, tumour recurrence and malignant transformation are discussed. The development of a sclerotic neocortex and varying degrees of matrix osteosclerosis are seen on plain radiographs. Reconstitution of subarticular bone and articular surface irregularity are optimally evaluated on CT which can also quantify tumour density. MRI demonstrates heterogeneous low signal matrix and is useful to assess decrease in size of cystic and/or soft tissue components of GCTB. A fat-suppressed fluid-sensitive MR sequence is important to detect tumour reactivation. Reduction in F-FDG-PET avidity represents an early sensitive sign of response to denosumab treatment. Regardless of imaging modality, close follow-up in a specialist centre and careful evaluation of nonresponders is necessary as local recurrence after cessation of denosumab treatment and malignant transformation of GCTB have been described.
Topics: Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Neoplasms; Denosumab; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 32335707
DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03449-1 -
Texas Heart Institute Journal Oct 2016Ewing sarcoma is the second most prevalent malignant primary bone tumor but constitutes only a small proportion of cardiac metastases. We present a case of asymptomatic... (Review)
Review
Ewing sarcoma is the second most prevalent malignant primary bone tumor but constitutes only a small proportion of cardiac metastases. We present a case of asymptomatic Ewing sarcoma metastatic to the right ventricle. A 36-year-old man presented for evaluation and resection of a pedunculated right ventricular cardiac tumor. Three years before, he had been diagnosed with translocation-negative Ewing sarcoma, for which he had undergone chemotherapy and amputation of the left leg below the knee. We resected the right ventricular tumor. Analysis of the resected mass supported the diagnosis of metastatic Ewing sarcoma. Postoperative transthoracic echocardiograms showed normal biventricular size and function. One year later, the patient had no recurrence of the sarcoma. In addition to discussing this case, we review the relevant medical literature.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Bone Neoplasms; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Heart Neoplasms; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Sarcoma, Ewing; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27777536
DOI: 10.14503/THIJ-15-5330 -
Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2017Bone determinations are usually the first sign of disseminated cancers, whether is a hematological malignancy or other type of neoplasia. The aim of this paper is the...
Bone determinations are usually the first sign of disseminated cancers, whether is a hematological malignancy or other type of neoplasia. The aim of this paper is the possibility of differentiating the bone lesions from hematological malignancies by other malignancies that give bone metastases for the purpose to guide the clinician concerning causality of bone lesions. The research involved a retrospective study, which included 309 cases that were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at a segment of the spine, between 2010 and 2014, from which 137 were diagnosed with a form of hematological neoplasia, and the remaining had another form of cancer. Imaging aspect differs in these two study groups. Bone determinations due to malignant hemopathies (MH) were in general hypointense on T1-weighted sequences, iso- or hyperintense on T2-weighted sequences. On the other hand, bone metastases were hypo- or isointense on T1-weighted sequences, and had no specific signal intensity on T2-weighted sequences. In post-contrast images, all lesions showed contrast enhancement, with some differences. In terms of imagistic aspect, there are certain characteristics that can make a clear differentiation between bone determinations due to MH from the bone metastases, and some are found in the majority of the cases studied.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 29556610
DOI: No ID Found -
The Oncologist Oct 2009Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of >50 subtypes of neoplasm. It is imperative to obtain appropriate imaging of these tumors in order to adequately assess,...
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of >50 subtypes of neoplasm. It is imperative to obtain appropriate imaging of these tumors in order to adequately assess, characterize, and stage bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Anatomic imaging such as radiographs, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remain the foundation for both biopsy planning and postoperative evaluation of these neoplasms. However, anatomic imaging may not be entirely accurate in the evaluation of treatment response. Newer techniques, such (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, are being used to evaluate distant metastases. Newer radiopharmaceuticals, such as (18)F-fluorodeoxythymidine, are being developed to assist in the differentiation between benign and low-grade malignant neoplasms. Newer functional imaging techniques, such as dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging, among others, are being developed to evaluate treatment response.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Staging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Sarcoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 19789392
DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2009-0194 -
Cellular Signalling Jul 2021Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as essential regulators in osteosarcoma (OS), the most malignant bone tumor usually observed in children and...
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported as essential regulators in osteosarcoma (OS), the most malignant bone tumor usually observed in children and adolescents. In the present study, we detected differentially expressed lncRNAs among OS tissues through RNA-sequencing. Then through bioinformatics analysis, we constructed the aberrant lncRNAs regulatory networks, and detected the key-lncRNAs. We identified LINC01614 was most significantly up-regulated among OS tissues, which was positively correlated with the worse prognosis. Through related in vitro experiments, we confirmed that knockdown of LINC01614 could inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis activities of OS cells. Furthermore, we identified LINC01614 may promote the proliferation and invasion activities of OS cells, via binding miR-520a-3p and increase the expression of SNX3. In conclusion, we identified lncRNAs participate in various malignant behaviors in OS. We also proved that LINC01614 could function as competing endogenous RNAs and promote the proliferation, and invasion of OS cells through miR-520a-3p/SNX3 axis, and thus acts as a novel prognostic marker for OS in clinic.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Female; Humans; Male; MicroRNAs; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Proteins; Osteosarcoma; RNA, Long Noncoding; RNA, Neoplasm; Sorting Nexins
PubMed: 33753211
DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109985