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Veterinary and Comparative Oncology Dec 2020Tonsillar metastasis from distant primary tumours has not been described in dogs, and reports are rare in humans. The aims of this study were to determine whether tumour...
Tonsillar metastasis from distant primary tumours has not been described in dogs, and reports are rare in humans. The aims of this study were to determine whether tumour metastasis occurs to the canine palatine tonsils and evaluate whether afferent lymphatics drain to the palatine tonsils via skull indirect computed tomography lymphangiography (ICTL). Retrospective review of the diagnostic laboratory tonsillar histopathology submissions was performed. ICTL studies (n = 53) were retrospectively reviewed by a single radiologist. Of 882 total tonsil histopathology samples, 492 (56%) were considered neoplastic, with 8% of them benign. Of the primary malignant neoplasms of the tonsil, squamous cell carcinoma (55%), lymphoma (17%) and melanoma (12%) were most common. Tonsillar metastasis was confirmed in 41 cases; histopathologic evaluation revealed melanoma (25), carcinoma (10), hemangiosarcoma (2) and one each of fibrosarcoma, malignant histiocytosis, basal cell tumour and undifferentiated sarcoma. A total of 53 tonsillar melanoma cases were identified, of which 25 represented metastasis from a known distant primary tumour and 28 were solely tonsillar, with 9 of these cases having concurrent lymph node metastasis. No ICTL cases had lymphatic contrast drainage to the palatine tonsil. The palatine tonsil is an important site of metastasis for a variety of primary tumour types from many locations. ICTL did not reveal lymphatics draining to the palatine tonsil, which is highly supportive of hematogenous route of metastasis to the tonsil. Tonsillar metastasis may be more common than previously thought. It is recommended to perform a thorough oral examination, including the tonsils, for all oral tumours and melanoma cases.
Topics: Animals; Colorado; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Neoplasms; Palatine Tonsil; Retrospective Studies; Tonsillar Neoplasms
PubMed: 32352191
DOI: 10.1111/vco.12604 -
Haematologica Apr 2020Histiocytic sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that may occur or in the context of a previous hematologic malignancy or mediastinal germ cell tumor. Here, we...
Histiocytic sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that may occur or in the context of a previous hematologic malignancy or mediastinal germ cell tumor. Here, we performed whole exome sequencing and RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) on 21 archival cases of primary histiocytic sarcoma. We identified a high number of genetic alterations within the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway in 21 of 21 cases, with alterations in (6 of 21), (5 of 21), (4 of 21), (4 of 21), (4 of 21), (1 of 21), and (1 of 21), including single cases with homozygous deletion of , high-level amplification of , and a novel fusion. Concurrent and mutations were present in 3 of 21 cases, and 5 of 7 cases with alterations in and/or had disease involving the gastrointestinal tract. Following unsupervised clustering of gene expression data, cases with and/or abnormalities formed a distinct tumor subgroup. A subset of wild-type cases had frequent mutations in B-cell lymphoma associated genes and/or clonal IG gene rearrangements. Our findings expand the current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this rare tumor and suggest the existence of a distinct subtype of primary histiocytic sarcoma characterized by alterations with predilection for the gastrointestinal tract.
Topics: Genomics; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Homozygote; Humans; Mutation; Sequence Deletion
PubMed: 31439678
DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.230375 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Sep 2022A central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) presented with periorbital swelling and exophthalmos. A retrobulbar mass was detected, and enucleation with the mass was...
A central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) presented with periorbital swelling and exophthalmos. A retrobulbar mass was detected, and enucleation with the mass was performed. Histologically, the mass was composed of a dense sheet and interlacing bundles of round to polygonal to short spindle-shaped cells with occasional bizarre mononuclear and multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells had various degrees of membranous and/or cytoplasmic granular reactivity to anti-ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 and anti-CD204 antibodies. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells had irregular nuclei and abundant cytoplasm with membrane-bound electron-dense lysosomes and endoplasmic reticula. These findings were consistent with a histiocytic sarcoma. The present study provided a detailed description of retrobulbar histiocytic sarcoma for the first time in a central bearded dragon.
Topics: Animals; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Lizards
PubMed: 35908859
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0267 -
Anticancer Research 2006In humans, malignant histiocytosis is a tumour-like disease characterised by increasing proliferation of macrophages and reinforced degradation of erythrocytes. High...
In humans, malignant histiocytosis is a tumour-like disease characterised by increasing proliferation of macrophages and reinforced degradation of erythrocytes. High progression of this disease leads to an unfavourable prognosis for the patients, most of them children up to the age of three years. Histological and cytological findings have proposed an important role of aberrant expression of cytokines in histiocytosis. Due to the fact that Bernese Mountain Dogs (BMD) show a predisposition for spontaneously developing malignant histiocytosis, these dogs could possibly be used as a genetic model organism to elucidate the mechanisms of human malignant histiocytosis. Canine cytokine cDNA transcripts of TNFalpha, Interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1alpha) and Interleukin-1-beta (IL-1beta) were screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNP screening in canine cytokine transcripts for malignant histiocytosis has not been carried out before. Total RNA was isolated from tissue samples from lung, spleen, testis and skin of 17 different dogs (fifteen BMDs, one Collie and one West Highland Terrier). The corresponding cytokine cDNAs were amplified, sequenced and then screened for SNPs. The resulting effects on the protein sequence were analysed. Several BMDs and the West Highland Terrier showed SNPs in the coding sequences which led to missense mutations within the protein sequences of TNFalpha, IL1alpha and IL1beta.
Topics: Animals; DNA, Complementary; Dogs; Genotype; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Interleukin-1alpha; Interleukin-1beta; Mass Screening; Mutation, Missense; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; RNA, Messenger; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 17094461
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Jul 2022Canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive cancer with morphologically variable features; therefore, obtaining a definitive diagnosis can be challenging. Two...
BACKGROUND
Canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive cancer with morphologically variable features; therefore, obtaining a definitive diagnosis can be challenging. Two proteins, IBA-1, ionised calcium-binding adapter molecule 1, and CD204, a macrophage scavenger receptor, have been shown to be specific immunohistochemical markers helpful in distinguishing HS from other tumour types with similar morphological features.
OBJECTIVES
This study was performed to demonstrate the use of RNA in situ hybridisation (ISH) technology allowing single-molecule RNA visualisation in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues as a molecular tool for the diagnosis of canine HS.
METHODS
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis for IBA-1 and CD204 were performed to correlate gene expression and protein expression of these two markers in the histiocytic sarcoma DH82 cell line. RNA-ISH for IBA-1 and CD204 was performed on the DH82 cell line to validate the RNA-ISH probes. RNA-ISH and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed in clinical HS FFPE samples to demonstrate mRNA and protein expression of IBA-1 and CD204. FFPE archived samples of canine round cell tumours, melanoma and anaplastic sarcoma were used as negative controls.
RESULTS
RNA-ISH and IHC showed moderate to strong expression for IBA-1 and CD204 in the neoplastic cells in both the canine DH82 cell line and the archived canine HS samples. RNA-ISH and IHC showed scattered positive staining in the control tumours samples, consistent with macrophagic infiltration.
CONCLUSION
RNA-ISH for CD204 and IBA-1 appeared to have a high specificity and sensitivity in our samples and may be an additional valuable diagnostic technique in identifying HS.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Immunohistochemistry; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Neoplasms; RNA
PubMed: 35339118
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.795 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Aug 2020The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the ultrasonographic (US) diffuse honeycomb pattern (HCP) of the spleen and a pathological diagnosis in...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the ultrasonographic (US) diffuse honeycomb pattern (HCP) of the spleen and a pathological diagnosis in cats, and to assess the influence of transducer type on HCP visualisation.
METHODS
Abdominal ultrasounds of cats with an HCP were reviewed and splenic size, shape, margination, other parenchymal alterations and splenic hilar lymphadenopathy were recorded. When applicable, images acquired with high-frequency linear and curvilinear transducers were compared to determine if an HCP was more frequently demonstrated on high-resolution images. A retrospective review of the corresponding splenic cytohistopathological samples was also performed.
RESULTS
Thirty-three cats met the inclusion criteria. Five cases were diagnosed by histology and 28 by cytology, confirmed by PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements (PARR) in uncertain cases. There were 15 cases of lymphoid hyperplasia, eight cases of lymphoma (four B cell, three T cell and one large granular lymphocytes), six cats with splenitis, three with extramedullary haematopoiesis and one with histiocytic sarcoma. The prevalence of lymphoma in cats with an HCP of the spleen was 24%. Splenomegaly was the most frequent US feature associated with an HCP and was observed in all lymphoma cases. In the images obtained from both high-frequency linear and micro-convex transducers the visualisation of an HCP was enabled in all cases (24/24) and in 62.5% (15/24), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Based on our findings, a US HCP of the spleen in cats can be associated with benign and malignant disorders and is infrequently associated with lymphoma in comparison with dogs. Cytological or histological examination, possibly supplemented by PARR, should always be performed for diagnostic support. Use of high-frequency linear transducers is recommended to properly recognise an HCP or subtle changes in splenic parenchyma.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Female; Italy; Lymphoma; Male; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Splenic Diseases; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 31537164
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X19873197 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Jul 2021A 4-year-old English setter presented with a 1-week history of anorexia, lethargy and occasional vomiting. Blood analysis revealed moderate regenerative anaemia, mild...
A 4-year-old English setter presented with a 1-week history of anorexia, lethargy and occasional vomiting. Blood analysis revealed moderate regenerative anaemia, mild monocytosis, thrombocytopaenia, hypoproteinaemia, hypoglobulinaemia, hypocholesterolaemia and increased C-reactive protein. On ultrasonography, the spleen had multifocal hypoechoic lesions. Fine needle aspirates from the spleen and liver showed marked extramedullary haematopoiesis, an increased number of histiocytes, haemosiderin deposits and erythrophagocytosis. A tentative diagnosis of haemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma (HHS) was made, and the owners elected euthanasia. On autopsy, the liver and spleen were enlarged. The spleen had an uneven surface and a yellow-tan spotted appearance. Histologically, the red pulp was highly cellular and dominated by erythroid cells, as well as a population of larger polygonal cells and aggregates of histiocytes. HHS was confirmed by CD11d immunolabelling. This represents the first documented case of HHS in an English setter.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Male
PubMed: 33750030
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.480 -
PloS One 2013Canine histiocytic sarcoma (CHS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm that originates from histiocytic lineage cells, including dendritic cells and macrophages, and is...
Canine histiocytic sarcoma (CHS) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm that originates from histiocytic lineage cells, including dendritic cells and macrophages, and is characterized by progressive local infiltration and a very high metastatic potential. Survivin is as an apoptotic inhibitory factor that has major functions in cell proliferation, including inhibition of apoptosis and regulation of cell division, and is expressed in most types of human and canine malignant neoplasms, including melanoma and osteosarcoma. To investigate whether survivin was expressed at high levels in CHS and whether its expression was correlated with the aggressive biological behavior of CHS, we assessed relation between survivin expression and CHS progression, as well as the effects of survivin inhibition on the biological activities of CHS cells. We comparatively analyzed the expression of 6 selected anti-apoptotic genes, including survivin, in specimens from 30 dogs with histiocytic sarcoma and performed annexin V staining to evaluate apoptosis, methylthiazole tetrazolium assays to assess cell viability and chemosensitivity, and latex bead assays to measure changes in phagocytic activities in 4 CHS cell lines and normal canine fibroblasts transfected with survivin siRNA. Survivin gene expression levels in 30 specimens were significantly higher than those of the other 6 genes. After transfection with survivin siRNA, apoptosis, cell growth inhibition, enhanced chemosensitivity, and weakened phagocytic activities were observed in all CHS cell lines. In contrast, normal canine fibroblasts were not significantly affected by survivin knockdown. These results suggested that survivin expression may mediate the aggressive biological activities of CHS and that survivin may be an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of CHS.
Topics: ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Dogs; Female; Fibroblasts; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Humans; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; Male; Mice; Mice, SCID; Neoplasm Proteins; Phagocytosis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
PubMed: 24260303
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079810 -
Topics in Companion Animal Medicine 2023This paper describes the clinical and pathological features of 4 different tumors, located in the integumentary, digestive, and endocrine systems, presenting in a North...
This paper describes the clinical and pathological features of 4 different tumors, located in the integumentary, digestive, and endocrine systems, presenting in a North African hedgehog (Atelerix algirus). A 3.5-year-old female hedgehog was presented with a cutaneous mass on the right flank. The lesion consisted of a well-differentiated dermal mast cell tumor with no recurrence and metastasis after complete surgical excision. Six months later, the hedgehog developed a mass in the left lower jaw, lethargy, anorexia, and progressive weight loss. Clinical and radiographic evaluations revealed swelling, ulceration, displacement, and destruction of subjacent bone tissue, and the animal died 1 month after the onset of clinical signs. At necropsy, 2 neoplasms in the oral cavity (squamous cell carcinoma and histiocytic sarcoma) and multiple myelolipomas in the adrenal glands were detected. Metastasis of the oral squamous cell carcinoma was observed in the lungs. Although neoplasms are frequent in this species, and more than 1 type of tumor in a single individual has been occasionally reported, this is the first description of both myelolipoma and multiple concurrent neoplasms involving various organs and different cellular origins in a hedgehog.
Topics: Animals; Female; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Hedgehogs; Mouth Neoplasms
PubMed: 36587869
DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2022.100758 -
Polish Journal of Pathology : Official... 2011An elderly woman presented with anaemia, thrombocytopenia and multifocal lytic and sclerotic bone lesions. Trephine bone marrow biopsy demonstrated widespread...
An elderly woman presented with anaemia, thrombocytopenia and multifocal lytic and sclerotic bone lesions. Trephine bone marrow biopsy demonstrated widespread involvement by systemic mastocytosis (SM). The neoplastic mast cells expressed mast cell tryptase, CD117, CD25 and CD9, and were accompanied by compact sheets of atypical large histiocytic cells, expressing CD68, CD4, S-100 protein and CD14, in keeping with a concomitant histiocytosis (SM-AHNMD). Mutation analysis revealed the activating point mutation D816V of the c-kit proto-oncogene in microdissected pooled bone marrow mast cells. Partial remission was achieved using interferon alpha. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of SM-AHNMD with histiocytosis as the non-mast cell component.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Bone Marrow Neoplasms; DNA Mutational Analysis; Female; Histiocytic Sarcoma; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Immunologic Factors; Interferon-alpha; Mastocytosis, Systemic; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Point Mutation; Proto-Oncogene Mas; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit
PubMed: 21866466
DOI: No ID Found