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The Gerontologist May 2018In a number of states, physicians are mandated by state law to report at-risk drivers to licensing authorities. Often these patients are older adult drivers who may...
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
In a number of states, physicians are mandated by state law to report at-risk drivers to licensing authorities. Often these patients are older adult drivers who may exhibit unsafe driving behaviors, have functional/cognitive impairments, or are diagnosed with conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and/or seizure disorders. The hypothesis that mandatory physician reporting laws reduce the rate of crash-related hospitalizations among older adult drivers was tested.
DESIGN AND METHODS
Using retrospective data (2004-2009), this study identified 176,066 older driver crash-related hospitalizations, from the State Inpatient Databases. Three age-specific negative binomial generalized estimating equation models were used to estimate the effect of physician reporting laws on state's incidence rate of crash-related hospitalizations among older drivers.
RESULTS
No evidence was found for an independent association between mandatory physician reporting laws and a lower crash hospitalization rate among any of the age groups examined. The main predictor of interest, mandatory physician reporting, failed to explain any significant variation in crash hospitalization rates, when adjusting for other state-specific laws and characteristics. Vision testing at in-person license renewal was a significant predictor of lower crash hospitalization rate, ranging from incidence rate ratio of 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.62-0.94) among 60- to 64-year olds to 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.67-0.97) among 80- to 84-year olds.
IMPLICATIONS
Physician reporting laws and age-based licensing requirements are often at odds with older driver's need to maintain independence. This study examines this balance and finds no evidence of the benefits of mandatory physician reporting requirements on driver crash hospitalizations, suggesting that physician mandates do not yet yield significant older driver safety benefits, possibly to the detriment of older driver's well-being and independence.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Automobile Driving; Databases, Factual; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Licensure; Male; Mandatory Reporting; Middle Aged; Physicians; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 28069887
DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnw209 -
Clinical Radiology Mar 2017Recognising the skeletal manifestations of inflicted injury (II) in infants and young children is of crucial importance. There are specific fracture patterns which are... (Review)
Review
Imaging and reporting considerations for suspected physical abuse (non-accidental injury) in infants and young children. Part 1: initial considerations and appendicular skeleton.
Recognising the skeletal manifestations of inflicted injury (II) in infants and young children is of crucial importance. There are specific fracture patterns which are highly suspicious of II in addition to common differential diagnoses with which radiologists should be familiar. Our objective is to provide a non-exhaustive review of the important factors relevant to the imaging and reporting of II as a platform for further learning. Part 1 encompasses important initial considerations and fracture patterns of the appendicular skeleton.
Topics: Accidents; Child; Child Abuse; Child, Preschool; Documentation; Female; Fractures, Bone; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mandatory Reporting; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Radiography; United Kingdom
PubMed: 28063602
DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.11.016 -
Clinical Radiology Mar 2017Recognising the skeletal manifestations of inflicted injury (II) in infants and young children is of crucial importance. There are specific fracture patterns which are... (Review)
Review
Imaging and reporting considerations for suspected physical abuse (non-accidental injury) in infants and young children. Part 2: axial skeleton and differential diagnoses.
Recognising the skeletal manifestations of inflicted injury (II) in infants and young children is of crucial importance. There are specific fracture patterns which are highly suspicious of II in addition to common differential diagnoses with which radiologists should be familiar. Our objective is to provide a non-exhaustive review of the important factors relevant to the imaging and reporting of II as a platform for further learning. Part 2 encompasses fracture patterns of the axial skeleton and important differential diagnoses.
Topics: Accidents; Child; Child Abuse; Child, Preschool; Documentation; Female; Fractures, Bone; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mandatory Reporting; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Radiography; United Kingdom
PubMed: 28027778
DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.11.015 -
Pediatrics in Review Apr 2010After completing this article, readers should: 1. Know the prevalence of intimate partner violence and childhood exposure to intimate partner violence. 2. Identify risk... (Review)
Review
After completing this article, readers should: 1. Know the prevalence of intimate partner violence and childhood exposure to intimate partner violence. 2. Identify risk factors associated with intimate partner violence. 3. Understand that child maltreatment is significantly more likely in the setting of intimate partner violence. 4. Recognize the impact of intimate partner violence exposure on children's social-emotional and physical health, and on their health care use. 5. Understand strategies for screening and responding to intimate partner violence in the pediatric setting. You are seeing a healthy, previously full-term 4 month old for well child care. As a part of your routine social history, you inquire about intimate partner violence (IPV). The infant's mother discloses that her partner frequently yells at her, pushes her and makes her feel afraid. Upon further questioning, you find that she describes the infant as “fussy.” His physical exam is unremarkable, but you note that he missed his two month visit and is behind on his immunizations. How do you proceed?
Topics: Child; Child Abuse; Child Health Services; Child Welfare; Documentation; Domestic Violence; Female; Humans; Mandatory Reporting; Professional-Family Relations
PubMed: 20360408
DOI: 10.1542/pir.31-4-145 -
Nursing Outlook 2016Health care organizations seek to maximize the reporting of medical errors to improve patient safety.
BACKGROUND
Health care organizations seek to maximize the reporting of medical errors to improve patient safety.
PURPOSE
This study explored licensed nurses' decision-making with regard to reporting medical errors.
METHODS
Grounded theory methods guided the study. Thirty nurses from adult intensive care units were interviewed, and qualitative analysis was used to develop a theoretical framework based on their narratives.
DISCUSSION
The theoretical model was titled "Learning Lessons from the Error." The concept of learning lessons was central to the theoretical model. The model included five stages: Being Off-Kilter, Living the Error, Reporting or Telling About the Error, Living the Aftermath, and Lurking in Your Mind.
CONCLUSION
This study illuminates the unique experiences of licensed nurses who have made medical errors. The findings can inform initiatives to improve error reporting and to support nurses who have made errors.
Topics: Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Decision Making; Female; Grounded Theory; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Mandatory Reporting; Medical Errors; Middle Aged; Nursing Staff, Hospital; Patient Safety; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 27380739
DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2016.05.012 -
Indian Journal of Medical Ethics 2018Although there have been numerous studies, especially in the last few decades, on the impact of child sexual abuse (CSA) on adult survivors, there is a dearth of studies... (Review)
Review
Although there have been numerous studies, especially in the last few decades, on the impact of child sexual abuse (CSA) on adult survivors, there is a dearth of studies focusing on the ethical aspects of research in this area. Against this background, we reviewed the literature published between January 2000 and December 2016 on the reporting of ethical guidelines followed in research on adult survivors of CSA. We conducted a PubMed (MEDLINE) and Google Scholar search to find published research, using the keywords: "child sexual abuse", "adult survivors", "research", "guidelines" and "ethics". Our findings suggest that no particular assessment method is superior in terms of disclosure of information or reduction of distress. The use of developmentally appropriate educative materials, sensitisation, and debriefing sessions have shown some benefit in reducing distress. There is a lack of legal or social consensus on mandatory legal reporting of information provided by adult survivors of sexual abuse, with most researchers working on the premise that adults have the freedom of choice. Often, a constraint among researchers is the lack of structured training or supervision in sensitive research, which may negatively impact both the participant and the researcher. Institute ethics boards and institutions currently lack the framework to consider protocols and facilitate research, and this poses serious obstacles to fostering research. In this situation, ongoing research needs to focus on ethical aspects. Together with this, we recommend certain ethical practices drawn from various studies that may be employed for participants, researchers, and institutional ethics boards.
Topics: Adult; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse; Child; Child Abuse, Sexual; Confidentiality; Disclosure; Ethics, Research; Humans; India; Informed Consent; Mandatory Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Subjects; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 29981233
DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2018.046 -
Federal Register Sep 2014OSHA is issuing a final rule to update the appendix to its Injury and Illness Recording and Reporting regulation. The appendix contains a list of industries that are...
OSHA is issuing a final rule to update the appendix to its Injury and Illness Recording and Reporting regulation. The appendix contains a list of industries that are partially exempt from requirements to keep records of work-related injuries and illnesses due to relatively low occupational injury and illness rates. The updated appendix is based on more recent injury and illness data and lists industry groups classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The current appendix lists industries classified by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC). The final rule also revises the requirements for reporting work-related fatality, injury, and illness information to OSHA. The current regulation requires employers to report work-related fatalities and in-patient hospitalizations of three or more employees within eight hours of the event. The final rule retains the requirement for employers to report work-related fatalities to OSHA within eight hours of the event but amends the regulation to require employers to report all work-related in-patient hospitalizations, as well as amputations and losses of an eye, to OSHA within 24 hours of the event.
Topics: Forms and Records Control; Humans; Mandatory Reporting; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Health; Occupational Injuries; United States; United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PubMed: 25233537
DOI: No ID Found -
The British Journal of General Practice... Jun 2015
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Circumcision, Female; Female; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Mandatory Reporting; Primary Health Care; Secondary Care; Transients and Migrants; United Kingdom; Women's Health
PubMed: 26009507
DOI: 10.3399/bjgp15X685141 -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Jan 2021The Israel National Cancer Registry (INCR) was established in 1960. Reporting has been mandatory since 1982. All neoplasms of uncertain/unknown behavior, in situ and...
BACKGROUND
The Israel National Cancer Registry (INCR) was established in 1960. Reporting has been mandatory since 1982. All neoplasms of uncertain/unknown behavior, in situ and invasive malignancies (excluding basal and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin), and benign neoplasms of the brain and central nervous system (CNS) are reportable.
OBJECTIVES
To assess completeness and timeliness of the INCR for cases diagnosed or treated in 2005.
METHODS
Abstractors identified cases of in situ and invasive malignancies and tumors of benign and uncertain behavior of the brain and CNS diagnosed or treated in 2005 in the files of medical records departments, pathology and cytology laboratories, and oncology and hematology institutes in 39 Israeli medical facilities. Cases were linked to the INCR database by national identity number. Duplicate cases, and those found to be non-reportable were excluded from analysis. Completeness was calculated as the percent of reportable cases identified by the survey that were present in the registry. Timeliness was calculated as the percent of reportable cases diagnosed in 2005, which were incorporated into the registry prior to 31 December 2007.
RESULTS
The INCR's completeness is estimated at 93.7% for all reportable diseases, 96.8% for invasive solid tumors, and 88.0% for hematopoietic tumors. Incident cases for the calendar year 2005 were less likely to be present in the registry database than those diagnosed prior to 2005.
CONCLUSIONS
Completeness and timeliness of the INCR are high and meet international guidelines. Fully automated reporting will likely improve the quality and timeliness of INCR data.
Topics: Databases, Factual; Humans; Israel; Mandatory Reporting; Neoplasms; Quality Improvement; Registries; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33443338
DOI: No ID Found -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Apr 2015Wild birds play a major role in the evolution, maintenance, and spread of avian influenza viruses. However, surveillance for these viruses in wild birds is sporadic,... (Review)
Review
Wild birds play a major role in the evolution, maintenance, and spread of avian influenza viruses. However, surveillance for these viruses in wild birds is sporadic, geographically biased, and often limited to the last outbreak virus. To identify opportunities to optimize wild bird surveillance for understanding viral diversity, we reviewed responses to a World Organisation for Animal Health-administered survey, government reports to this organization, articles on Web of Knowledge, and the Influenza Research Database. At least 119 countries conducted avian influenza virus surveillance in wild birds during 2008-2013, but coordination and standardization was lacking among surveillance efforts, and most focused on limited subsets of influenza viruses. Given high financial and public health burdens of recent avian influenza outbreaks, we call for sustained, cost-effective investments in locations with high avian influenza diversity in wild birds and efforts to promote standardized sampling, testing, and reporting methods, including full-genome sequencing and sharing of isolates with the scientific community.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Birds; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Databases, Factual; Genetic Variation; Global Health; Humans; Influenza in Birds; Mandatory Reporting; Orthomyxoviridae; Population Surveillance; Web Browser
PubMed: 25811221
DOI: 10.3201/eid2104.141415