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The Analyst Feb 2019Direct sampling mass spectrometry (MS) has been advancing aggressively, showing immense potential in translating MS into the clinical field. Unlike traditional MS... (Review)
Review
Direct sampling mass spectrometry (MS) has been advancing aggressively, showing immense potential in translating MS into the clinical field. Unlike traditional MS analysis involving extensive sample preparation and chromatographic separation, quick and simple procedures with minimal sample pretreatment or purification became available with direct sampling. An overview of the development in this field is provided, including some representative ambient ionization and fast extraction methods. Quantitative applications of these methods are emphasized and their efficacy are highlighted from a clinical aspect; non-quantitative applications in clinical analysis are also discussed. This review also discusses the integration of direct sampling MS with miniature mass spectrometers and its future outlook as an emerging clinical tool for point-of-care analysis.
Topics: Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Point-of-Care Systems; Specimen Handling
PubMed: 30520890
DOI: 10.1039/c8an01722k -
Philosophical Transactions. Series A,... Oct 2016Quantitative pharmaceutical analysis is nowadays frequently executed using mass spectrometry. Electrospray ionization coupled to a (hybrid) triple quadrupole mass... (Review)
Review
Quantitative pharmaceutical analysis is nowadays frequently executed using mass spectrometry. Electrospray ionization coupled to a (hybrid) triple quadrupole mass spectrometer is generally used in combination with solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography. Furthermore, isotopically labelled standards are often used to correct for ion suppression. The challenges in producing sensitive but reliable quantitative data depend on the instrumentation, sample preparation and hyphenated techniques. In this contribution, different approaches to enhance the ionization efficiencies using modified source geometries and improved ion guidance are provided. Furthermore, possibilities to minimize, assess and correct for matrix interferences caused by co-eluting substances are described. With the focus on pharmaceuticals in the environment and bioanalysis, different separation techniques, trends in liquid chromatography and sample preparation methods to minimize matrix effects and increase sensitivity are discussed. Although highly sensitive methods are generally aimed for to provide automated multi-residue analysis, (less sensitive) miniaturized set-ups have a great potential due to their ability for in-field usage.This article is part of the themed issue 'Quantitative mass spectrometry'.
Topics: Humans; Isotope Labeling; Mass Spectrometry; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Reference Standards
PubMed: 27644982
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0366 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2016The advent of native mass spectrometry (MS) in 1990 led to the development of new mass spectrometry instrumentation and methodologies for the analysis of noncovalent... (Review)
Review
The advent of native mass spectrometry (MS) in 1990 led to the development of new mass spectrometry instrumentation and methodologies for the analysis of noncovalent protein-ligand complexes. Native MS has matured to become a fast, simple, highly sensitive and automatable technique with well-established utility for fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD). Native MS has the capability to directly detect weak ligand binding to proteins, to determine stoichiometry, relative or absolute binding affinities and specificities. Native MS can be used to delineate ligand-binding sites, to elucidate mechanisms of cooperativity and to study the thermodynamics of binding. This review highlights key attributes of native MS for FBDD campaigns.
Topics: Binding Sites; Drug Discovery; Ligands; Mass Spectrometry; Models, Molecular; Protein Binding; Proteins; Small Molecule Libraries; Thermodynamics
PubMed: 27483215
DOI: 10.3390/molecules21080984 -
Nature Reviews. Microbiology Aug 2011Imaging mass spectrometry tools allow the two-dimensional visualization of the distribution of trace metals, metabolites, surface lipids, peptides and proteins directly... (Review)
Review
Imaging mass spectrometry tools allow the two-dimensional visualization of the distribution of trace metals, metabolites, surface lipids, peptides and proteins directly from biological samples without the need for chemical tagging or antibodies, and are becoming increasingly useful for microbiology applications. These tools, comprising different imaging mass spectrometry techniques, are ushering in an exciting new era of discovery by enabling the generation of chemical hypotheses based on the spatial mapping of atoms and molecules that can correlate to or transcend observed phenotypes. In this Innovation article, we explore the wide range of imaging mass spectrometry techniques that is available to microbiologists and describe the unique applications of these tools to microbiology with respect to the types of samples to be investigated.
Topics: Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Mass Spectrometry; Microbiology
PubMed: 21822293
DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro2634 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2016Mass spectrometry-based metabolome profiling became the method of choice in systems biology approaches and aims to enhance biological understanding of complex biological... (Review)
Review
Mass spectrometry-based metabolome profiling became the method of choice in systems biology approaches and aims to enhance biological understanding of complex biological systems. Genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics are well established technologies and are commonly used by many scientists. In comparison, metabolomics is an emerging field and has not reached such high-throughput, routine and coverage than other omics technologies. Nevertheless, substantial improvements were achieved during the last years. Integrated data derived from multi-omics approaches will provide a deeper understanding of entire biological systems. Metabolome profiling is mainly hampered by its diversity, variation of metabolite concentration by several orders of magnitude and biological data interpretation. Thus, multiple approaches are required to cover most of the metabolites. No software tool is capable of comprehensively translating all the data into a biologically meaningful context yet. In this review, we discuss the advantages of metabolome profiling and main obstacles limiting progress in systems biology.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Databases, Factual; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Systems Biology
PubMed: 27128910
DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050632 -
Insights of ion mobility spectrometry and its application on food safety and authenticity: A review.Analytica Chimica Acta Aug 2022Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is gaining importance in the field of food safety and authenticity in recent years due to its main potential to overcome the challenges... (Review)
Review
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is gaining importance in the field of food safety and authenticity in recent years due to its main potential to overcome the challenges that arise from the complexity of food matrices. For many years, IMS has been used as a stand-alone analytical detector due to its quick response, high sensitivity, and portability, and stand-alone applications in food analysis have been explored in recent years. At the same time, IMS hyphenation to mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, usually combined with liquid or gas chromatography (LC/GC), provides an additional dimension to separate isobaric compounds and thus improves method selectivity. Besides, with such ion mobility - mass spectrometry (IM-MS) methods, background noise decreases, increasing method sensitivity, and it provides complementary information to mass spectra and retention time with the collision cross section (CCS). The development of CCS databases within the food safety field would even permit the identification of compounds in non-targeted approaches. Furthermore, it would increase the confidence of control laboratories when determining a sample as non-compliant. Therefore, the number of applications by IMS on food safety and authenticity has increased remarkably in recent years. This review provides the general insights of IMS with the current state and recent approaches for its performance improvement and a general outlook of its applicability in food safety and authenticity.
Topics: Food Analysis; Food Safety; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Ion Mobility Spectrometry; Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 35934427
DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340039 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are of interest in many different fields. Among them are food and fragrance analysis, environmental and atmospheric research,... (Review)
Review
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are of interest in many different fields. Among them are food and fragrance analysis, environmental and atmospheric research, industrial applications, security or medical and life science. In the past, the characterization of these compounds was mostly performed via sample collection and off-site analysis with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as the gold standard. While powerful, this method also has several drawbacks such as being slow, expensive, and demanding on the user. For decades, intense research has been dedicated to find methods for fast VOC analysis on-site with time and spatial resolution. We present the working principles of the most important, utilized, and researched technologies for this purpose and highlight important publications from the last five years. In this overview, non-selective gas sensors, electronic noses, spectroscopic methods, miniaturized gas chromatography, ion mobility spectrometry and direct injection mass spectrometry are covered. The advantages and limitations of the different methods are compared. Finally, we give our outlook into the future progression of this field of research.
Topics: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Volatile Organic Compounds; Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 36838585
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041598 -
Mass Spectrometry Reviews Mar 2020Biological mass spectrometry has evolved as a core analytical technology in the last decade mainly because of its unparalleled ability to perform qualitative as well as... (Review)
Review
Biological mass spectrometry has evolved as a core analytical technology in the last decade mainly because of its unparalleled ability to perform qualitative as well as quantitative profiling of enormously complex biological samples with high mass accuracy, sensitivity, selectivity and specificity. Mass spectrometry-based techniques are also routinely used to assess glycosylation and other post-translational modifications, disulfide bond linkage, and scrambling as well as for the detection of host cell protein contaminants in the field of biopharmaceuticals. The role of mass spectrometry in vaccine development has been very limited but is now expanding as the landscape of global vaccine development is shifting towards the development of recombinant vaccines. In this review, the role of mass spectrometry in vaccine development is presented, some of the ongoing efforts to develop vaccines for diseases with global unmet medical need are discussed and the regulatory challenges of implementing mass spectrometry techniques in a quality control laboratory setting are highlighted.
Topics: Animals; Glycopeptides; Glycoproteins; Glycosylation; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Proteins; Vaccines
PubMed: 29852530
DOI: 10.1002/mas.21571 -
Current Opinion in Biotechnology Feb 2015Since the development of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), many other ionization methods for ambient and atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry have been... (Review)
Review
Since the development of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), many other ionization methods for ambient and atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry have been developed. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry has now been used for a wide variety of biological applications, including plant science, microbiology, neuroscience, and cancer pathology. Multimodal integration of atmospheric ionization sources with the other biotechnologies, as well as high performance computational methods for mass spectrometry data processing is one of the major emerging area's for ambient mass spectrometry. In this opinion article, we will highlight some of the most influential technological advances of ambient mass spectrometry in recent years and their applications to the life sciences.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Nanostructures
PubMed: 25146170
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.07.005 -
Biochemical Pharmacology Jul 2022Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is emerging as a powerful analytical tool for detection, quantification, and simultaneous spatial molecular imaging of endogenous and... (Review)
Review
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is emerging as a powerful analytical tool for detection, quantification, and simultaneous spatial molecular imaging of endogenous and exogenous molecules via in situ mass spectrometry analysis of thin tissue sections without the requirement of chemical labeling. The MSI generates chemically specific and spatially resolved ion distribution information for administered drugs and metabolites, which allows numerous applications for studies involving various stages of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET). MSI-based pharmacokinetic imaging analysis provides a histological context and cellular environment regarding dynamic drug distribution and metabolism processes, and facilitates the understanding of the spatial pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs. Herein, we discuss the MSI's current technological developments that offer qualitative, quantitative, and spatial location information of small molecule drugs, antibody, and oligonucleotides macromolecule drugs, and their metabolites in preclinical and clinical tissue specimens. We highlight the macro and micro drug-distribution in the whole-body, brain, lung, liver, kidney, stomach, intestine tissue sections, organoids, and the latest applications of MSI in pharmaceutical ADMET studies.
Topics: Kidney; Liver; Lung; Mass Spectrometry; Spatial Analysis; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 35561842
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115080