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International Journal of Molecular... May 2013Mass spectrometry imaging is employed for mapping proteins, lipids and metabolites in biological tissues in a morphological context. Although initially developed as a... (Review)
Review
Mass spectrometry imaging is employed for mapping proteins, lipids and metabolites in biological tissues in a morphological context. Although initially developed as a tool for biomarker discovery by imaging the distribution of protein/peptide in tissue sections, the high sensitivity and molecular specificity of this technique have enabled its application to biomolecules, other than proteins, even in cells, latent finger prints and whole organisms. Relatively simple, with no requirement for labelling, homogenization, extraction or reconstitution, the technique has found a variety of applications in molecular biology, pathology, pharmacology and toxicology. By discriminating the spatial distribution of biomolecules in serial sections of tissues, biomarkers of lesions and the biological responses to stressors or diseases can be better understood in the context of structure and function. In this review, we have discussed the advances in the different aspects of mass spectrometry imaging processes, application towards different disciplines and relevance to the field of toxicology.
Topics: Analytic Sample Preparation Methods; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 23759983
DOI: 10.3390/ijms140611277 -
Journal of the American Society For... Feb 2008Mass spectrometers that use different types of analyzers for the first and second stages of mass analysis in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments are often... (Review)
Review
Mass spectrometers that use different types of analyzers for the first and second stages of mass analysis in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments are often referred to as "hybrid" mass spectrometers. The general goal in the design of a hybrid instrument is to combine different performance characteristics offered by various types of analyzers into one mass spectrometer. These performance characteristics may include mass resolving power, the ion kinetic energy for collision-induced dissociation, and speed of analysis. This paper provides a review of the development of hybrid instruments over the last 30 years for analytical applications.
Topics: Awards and Prizes; Equipment Design; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tetraethylammonium
PubMed: 18187337
DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.11.013 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Jun 2016Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and in-situ single cell mass spectrometry (SCMS) analysis under ambient conditions are two emerging fields with great potential for the...
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and in-situ single cell mass spectrometry (SCMS) analysis under ambient conditions are two emerging fields with great potential for the detailed mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of biomolecules from biological samples. The single-probe, a miniaturized device with integrated sampling and ionization capabilities, is capable of performing both ambient MSI and in-situ SCMS analysis. For ambient MSI, the single-probe uses surface micro-extraction to continually conduct MS analysis of the sample, and this technique allows the creation of MS images with high spatial resolution (8.5 µm) from biological samples such as mouse brain and kidney sections. Ambient MSI has the advantage that little to no sample preparation is needed before the analysis, which reduces the amount of potential artifacts present in data acquisition and allows a more representative analysis of the sample to be acquired. For in-situ SCMS, the single-probe tip can be directly inserted into live eukaryotic cells such as HeLa cells, due to the small sampling tip size (< 10 µm), and this technique is capable of detecting a wide range of metabolites inside individual cells at near real-time. SCMS enables a greater sensitivity and accuracy of chemical information to be acquired at the single cell level, which could improve our understanding of biological processes at a more fundamental level than previously possible. The single-probe device can be potentially coupled with a variety of mass spectrometers for broad ranges of MSI and SCMS studies.
Topics: Animals; Brain; HeLa Cells; Humans; Kidney; Mass Spectrometry; Mice; Single-Cell Analysis
PubMed: 27341402
DOI: 10.3791/53911 -
The Journal of Cell Biology Aug 2010The global analysis of protein composition, modifications, and dynamics are important goals in cell biology. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has matured into an... (Review)
Review
The global analysis of protein composition, modifications, and dynamics are important goals in cell biology. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics has matured into an attractive technology for this purpose. Particularly, high resolution MS methods have been extremely successful for quantitative analysis of cellular and organellar proteomes. Rapid advances in all areas of the proteomic workflow, including sample preparation, MS, and computational analysis, should make the technology more easily available to a broad community and turn it into a staple methodology for cell biologists.
Topics: Cell Biology; Computational Biology; Mass Spectrometry; Organelles; Proteome; Proteomics
PubMed: 20733050
DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201004052 -
Chimia 2012The Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry (LSMS) research unit focuses on the development of novel analytical workflows based on innovative mass spectrometric and software... (Review)
Review
The Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry (LSMS) research unit focuses on the development of novel analytical workflows based on innovative mass spectrometric and software tools for the analysis of low molecular weight compounds, peptides and proteins in complex biological matrices. The present article summarizes some of the recent work of the unit: i) the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) for mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of drug of abuse in hair, ii) the use of high resolution mass spectrometry for simultaneous qualitative/quantitative analysis in drug metabolism and metabolomics, and iii) the absolute quantitation of proteins by mass spectrometry using the selected reaction monitoring mode.
Topics: Animals; Biological Science Disciplines; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolism; Metabolomics; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Research; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 22867547
DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2012.335 -
Current Opinion in Biotechnology Feb 1999Mass spectrometry has suddenly expanded out of research and assay laboratories into biology, medicine and therapeutics. Electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser... (Review)
Review
Mass spectrometry has suddenly expanded out of research and assay laboratories into biology, medicine and therapeutics. Electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization yield increased mass-range and sensitivity, leading to novel applications and sparking new analyzer designs, software, and robotics.
Topics: Carbohydrate Sequence; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Glycoconjugates; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotides; Oligosaccharides; Proteins
PubMed: 10047505
DOI: 10.1016/s0958-1669(99)80005-6 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2015The parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assay has emerged as an alternative method of targeted quantification. The PRM assay is performed in a high resolution and high... (Review)
Review
The parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assay has emerged as an alternative method of targeted quantification. The PRM assay is performed in a high resolution and high mass accuracy mode on a mass spectrometer. This review presents the features that make PRM a highly specific and selective method for targeted quantification using quadrupole-Orbitrap hybrid instruments. In addition, this review discusses the label-based and label-free methods of quantification that can be performed with the targeted approach.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Peptides; Proteins; Proteomics
PubMed: 26633379
DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226120 -
Philosophical Transactions. Series A,... Oct 2016Accurate determination of elements in various kinds of samples is essential for many areas, including environmental science, medicine, as well as industry. Inductively... (Review)
Review
Accurate determination of elements in various kinds of samples is essential for many areas, including environmental science, medicine, as well as industry. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a powerful tool enabling multi-elemental analysis of numerous matrices with high sensitivity and good precision. Various calibration approaches can be used to perform accurate quantitative measurements by ICP-MS. They include the use of pure standards, matrix-matched standards, or relevant certified reference materials, assuring traceability of the reported results. This review critically evaluates the advantages and limitations of different calibration approaches, which are used in quantitative analyses by ICP-MS. Examples of such analyses are provided.This article is part of the themed issue 'Quantitative mass spectrometry'.
Topics: Calibration; Isotopes; Mass Spectrometry; Reference Standards; Uncertainty
PubMed: 27644971
DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0369 -
Biochemistry Jun 2013Metabolomics is a rapidly growing field of research used in the identification and quantification of the small molecule metabolites within an organism, thereby providing... (Review)
Review
Metabolomics is a rapidly growing field of research used in the identification and quantification of the small molecule metabolites within an organism, thereby providing insights into cell metabolism and bioenergetics as well as processes important in clinical medicine, such as disposition of pharmaceutical compounds. It offers comprehensive information about thousands of low-molecular mass compounds (<1500 Da) that represent a wide range of pathways and intermediary metabolism. Because of its vast expansion in the past two decades, mass spectrometry has become an indispensable tool in "omic" analyses. The use of different ionization techniques such as the more traditional electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption, as well as recently popular desorption electrospray ionization, has allowed the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules (e.g., peptides, proteins, lipids, and sugars), and their imaging and analysis in the original sample environment in a workup free fashion. An overview of the current state of the methodology is given, as well as examples of application.
Topics: Carbon Isotopes; Chromatography, Liquid; Citric Acid Cycle; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glycolysis; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolomics; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 23442130
DOI: 10.1021/bi400060e -
International Journal of Molecular... 2010Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is a powerful tool that enables the simultaneous detection and identification of biomolecules in... (Review)
Review
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is a powerful tool that enables the simultaneous detection and identification of biomolecules in analytes. MALDI-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) is a two-dimensional MALDI-mass spectrometric technique used to visualize the spatial distribution of biomolecules without extraction, purification, separation, or labeling of biological samples. MALDI-IMS has revealed the characteristic distribution of several biomolecules, including proteins, peptides, amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides, in various tissues. The versatility of MALDI-IMS has opened a new frontier in several fields such as medicine, agriculture, biology, pharmacology, and pathology. MALDI-IMS has a great potential for discovery of unknown biomarkers. In this review, we describe the methodology and applications of MALDI-IMS for biological samples.
Topics: Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 21614190
DOI: 10.3390/ijms11125040