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PloS One 2024Our objective was to understand how maternal age influences the mitochondrial population and ATP content of in vivo matured bovine oocytes. We hypothesized that in vivo...
Our objective was to understand how maternal age influences the mitochondrial population and ATP content of in vivo matured bovine oocytes. We hypothesized that in vivo matured oocytes from older cows would have altered mitochondrial number and distribution patterns and lower cytoplasmic ATP content compared to the oocytes obtained from younger cows. Follicles ≥5mm were ablated in old cows (13 to 22 yrs, Old Group, n = 7) and their younger daughters (4 to 10 years old, Young Group; n = 7) to induce the emergence of a new follicular wave. Cows were treated twice daily with eight doses of FSH starting 24 hr after ablation (Day 0, day of wave emergence). Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF) was given on Days 3 and 3.5, LH on Day 4.5, and cumulus-oocyte-complexes were collected 18-20 hours post-LH by ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration. Oocytes were either processed for staining with MitoTracker Deep Red FM or for ATP assay. Stained oocytes were imaged with a Zeiss LSM 710 confocal microscope, and mitochondria were segmented in the oocyte volume sets using Imaris Pro 7.4. In vivo matured oocytes obtained from old cows were similar in morphological grades to those from young cows. However, the oocytes of COC from older cows had 23% less intracellular ATP (27.4±1.9 vs 35.7±2.2 pmol per oocyte, P = 0.01) than those of young cows. Furthermore, the average volume of individual mitochondria, indicated by the number of image voxels, was greater (P<0.05) in oocytes from older cows than in those from younger cows. Oocytes from older cows also tended to have a greater number of mitochondrial clusters (P = 0.06) and an increased number of clusters in the central region of the oocytes (P = 0.04) compared to those from younger cows. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that maternal age was associated with a decrease in the cytoplasmic ATP content of in vivo mature oocytes and an altered distribution of mitochondrial structures. These findings suggest that maternal age may negatively influence the developmental competence of oocytes from older cows.
Topics: Female; Cattle; Animals; Maternal Age; In Vitro Oocyte Maturation Techniques; Fertilization in Vitro; Oocytes; Mitochondria; Adenosine Triphosphate
PubMed: 38635580
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302444 -
Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 2022Although maternal-fetal surgery to treat fetal anomalies such as spina bifida continues to grow more common, potential health disparities in the field remain relatively... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Although maternal-fetal surgery to treat fetal anomalies such as spina bifida continues to grow more common, potential health disparities in the field remain relatively unexamined. To address this gap, we identified maternal-fetal surgery studies with the highest level of evidence and analyzed the reporting of participant sociodemographic characteristics and representation of racial and ethnic groups.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review of the scientific literature using biomedical databases. We selected randomized control trials (RCTs) and cohort studies with comparison groups published in English from 1990 to May 5, 2020. We included studies from across the globe that examined the efficacy of fetal surgery for twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), obstructive uropathy, congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), myelomeningocele (MMC), thoracic lesions, cardiac malformations, or sacrococcygeal teratoma. We determined the frequency of reporting of age, gravidity/parity, race, ethnicity, education level, language spoken, insurance, income level, and relationship status. We identified whether sociodemographic factors were used as inclusion or exclusion criteria. We calculated the racial and ethnic group representation for studies in the USA using the participation-to-prevalence ratio (PPR).
RESULTS
We included 112 studies (10 RCTs, 102 cohort) published from 1990-1999 (8%), 2000-2009 (30%), and 2010-2020 (62%). Most studies were conducted in the USA (47%) or Europe (38%). The median sample size was 58. TTTS was the most common disease group (37% of studies), followed by MMC (23%), and CDH (21%). The most frequently reported sociodemographic variables were maternal age (33%) and gravidity/parity (20%). Race and/or ethnicity was only reported in 12% of studies. Less than 10% of studies reported any other sociodemographic variables. Sociodemographic variables were used as exclusion criteria in 13% of studies. Among studies conducted in the USA, White persons were consistently overrepresented relative to their prevalence in the US disease populations (PPR 1.32-2.11), while Black or African-American, Hispanic or Latino, Asian, American-Indian or Alaska-Native, and Native-Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander persons were consistently underrepresented (PPR 0-0.60).
CONCLUSIONS
Sociodemographic reporting quality in maternal-fetal surgery studies is poor and inhibits examination of potential health disparities. Participants enrolled in studies in the USA do not adequately represent the racial and ethnic diversity of the population across disease groups.
Topics: Black People; Ethnicity; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Maternal Age; Pregnancy; United States
PubMed: 35272297
DOI: 10.1159/000523867 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Previous studies have investigated the effect of maternal age on assisted reproductive technology success rates. However, little is known about the relationship between...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have investigated the effect of maternal age on assisted reproductive technology success rates. However, little is known about the relationship between maternal age and neonatal birthweight in frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles. Whether maternal age influences singleton birthweight in FET cycles remains to be elucidated.
METHODS
This study was conducted at a tertiary care center, involving singleton live births born to women undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer during the period from January 2010 to December 2017. A total of 12,565 women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled and grouped into four groups according to the maternal age: <30, 30-34, 35-39, and ≥40 years old. A multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between maternal age and neonatal birthweight with controlling for a number of potential confounders.
RESULTS
The highest proportions of low birthweight (LBW, 4.1%), high birthweight (1.2%), preterm birth (PTB, 5.9%), and very PTB (0.9%) were found in the group over 40 years old, but no significant difference was observed among the four groups. Additionally, the 35-39-year-old group had the highest rate of very LBW (0.6%), whereas the 30-34-year-old group had the lowest rate of small for gestational age (SGA, 2.7%). However, multivariate analyses revealed that neonatal outcomes including PTB, LBW, and SGA were similar between the different maternal age groups.
CONCLUSION
Grouping with different maternal age was not associated with mean birthweight and Z-scores of singletons resulting from FET.
Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Embryo Transfer; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Age; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35345469
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.830414 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022Pregnant women of advanced maternal age (AMA) are vulnerable to exposure to the surrounding environment. Assessment of trace elements in pregnant women living in...
Pregnant women of advanced maternal age (AMA) are vulnerable to exposure to the surrounding environment. Assessment of trace elements in pregnant women living in specific areas is important for biomonitoring. However, exposure levels and variation patterns during pregnancy remains controversial and attracts extensive public concern. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate exposure of 18 toxic and/or essential trace elements in maternal plasma and in paired cord plasma during pregnancy at AMA. A total of 48 pregnant women of AMA were recruited in Peking University Third Hospital from 2018 to 2021. Eighteen elements found in maternal plasma during the 1st, 2nd, or 3rd trimester of pregnancy and paired cord plasma were measured by 7700x ICP-MS (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA) and Elan DRC type II ICP-MS (The Perkin-Elmer Corporation, Waltham, MA USA). Concentrations of Pb, Se, Fe, Zn, and Mo all decreased during pregnancy, while Cu increased. Interestingly, concentrations of Rb decreased initially but then increased. Elements as Al, Co, Se, Cu, and Ni showed significantly lower levels in cord than in maternal plasma, while elements as Sr, Fe, Rb, Mn and Zn displayed significantly higher levels in cord than in maternal plasma. Moreover, positively- interacted clusters were found in Ni-Co-Cu-Al-Rb-Zn and Zn-Mn-Al-Pb in maternal blood. Similar positively-interacted clusters were found in Zn-Ni-Co, Zn-Ni-Fe, Mn-Al-Pb, Fe-Pb-Mn, Fe-Ni-Cu, and Rb-Cu-Sb-Fe-Mn in cord plasma. Furthermore, correlations between paired maternal and cord blood samples for As, Sr, and Mo were statistically significant, indicating that the fetus burden may reflect maternal exposure to some extent. Admittedly, levels of toxic and essential elements in our cohort study were comparatively lower than those in the scientific literature.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Trace Elements; Cohort Studies; Lead; Maternal Age; Biological Monitoring
PubMed: 36361359
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114485 -
Contraception Jul 2018The relationship between unintended pregnancy and interpregnancy interval (IPI) across maternal age is not clear.
BACKGROUND
The relationship between unintended pregnancy and interpregnancy interval (IPI) across maternal age is not clear.
METHODS
Using data from the National Survey of Family Growth, we estimated the percentages of pregnancies that were unintended among IPI groups (<6, 6-11, 12-17, 18-23, 24+ months) by maternal age at last live birth (15-19, 20-24, 25-29, 30-44 years).
RESULTS
Approximately 40% of pregnancies were unintended and 36% followed an IPI<18 months. Within each maternal age group, the percentage of pregnancies that were unintended decreased as IPI increased.
CONCLUSION
Unintended pregnancies are associated with shorter IPI across the reproductive age spectrum.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Birth Intervals; Female; Humans; Maternal Age; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Unplanned; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 29501647
DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2018.02.013 -
Journal of Human Hypertension May 2018Interpregnancy interval and maternal age are associated with birth outcomes. However, it is unknown regarding their long-term effects on child health. We aim to assess...
Interpregnancy interval and maternal age are associated with birth outcomes. However, it is unknown regarding their long-term effects on child health. We aim to assess the associations between interpregnancy interval and offspring's body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) at age of 7 years and to examine the role of maternal age in the associations. A secondary analysis was performed among 2604 mother-infant pairs in the prospective National Collaborative Perinatal Project, in which the children were followed up until 7 yrs of age. Interpregnancy interval was positively associated with offspring's diastolic BP at 7 yrs (β = 0.053, 95% CI: 0.004-0.102) after adjusting for maternal and perinatal characteristics, feeding pattern, rapid weight gain in the first year of life, and current BMI z score and height z score. The inclusion of maternal age in the model did not change the effect size. Maternal age was independently associated with offspring's BMI z score at 7 yrs (β = 0.014, 95% CI: 0.001-0.027). An interaction between interpregnancy interval and maternal age was present in the association with diastolic BP (P = 0.019), and the increasing maternal age aggravated the effects of long interpregnancy interval. Our finding suggests long interpregnancy interval is a risk factor for higher diastolic BP of the offspring. Increasing maternal age could amplify the impact. Our study challenges the current WHO recommendation for ideal interpregnancy interval, and we would suggest lowering the recommendation to <24 months and even shorter for women of advanced age.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Birth Intervals; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Child; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Maternal Age; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Young Adult
PubMed: 29476124
DOI: 10.1038/s41371-018-0035-4 -
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica... Sep 2020
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Age; Maternal Health; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth
PubMed: 32609893
DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13945 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022Advanced maternal age (≥35 years) is associated with pregnancy complications. Aging impairs vascular reactivity and increases vascular stiffness. We hypothesized that...
Advanced maternal age (≥35 years) is associated with pregnancy complications. Aging impairs vascular reactivity and increases vascular stiffness. We hypothesized that uterine artery adaptations to pregnancy are impaired with advanced age. Uterine arteries of nonpregnant and pregnant (gestational day 20) young (4 months) and aged (9 months; ~35 years in humans) Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated. Functional (myogenic tone, n = 6−10/group) and mechanical (circumferential stress-strain, n = 10−24/group) properties were assessed using pressure myography and further assessment of elastin and collagen (histology, n = 4−6/group), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2, zymography, n = 6/group). Aged dams had worse pregnancy outcomes, including smaller litters and fetal weights (both p < 0.0001). Only in arteries of pregnant young dams did higher pressures (>100 mmHg) cause forced vasodilation. Across the whole pressure range (4−160 mmHg), myogenic behavior was enhanced in aged vs. young pregnant dams (p = 0.0010). Circumferential stress and strain increased with pregnancy in young and aged dams (p < 0.0001), but strain remained lower in aged vs. young dams (p < 0.05). Arteries from young nonpregnant rats had greater collagen:elastin ratios than the other groups (p < 0.05). In aged rats only, pregnancy increased MMP-2 active capacity. Altered functional and structural vascular adaptations to pregnancy may impair fetal growth and development with advanced maternal age.
Topics: Animals; Collagen; Elastin; Female; Humans; Maternal Age; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Uterine Artery
PubMed: 36012456
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169191 -
Global Health, Science and Practice Jun 2018Pregnancy among women of advanced maternal age (those 35 years or older) or among women of high parity (those having had 5 or more births) is linked to maternal and...
Pregnancy among women of advanced maternal age (those 35 years or older) or among women of high parity (those having had 5 or more births) is linked to maternal and infant mortality. Yet little is known about the drivers of these pregnancies as they are often neglected in existing family planning and reproductive health programs. To better understand the context in which advanced maternal age and high parity pregnancies occur and the acceptability of discussing associated pregnancy risks, the Health Communication Capacity Collaborative (HC3) conducted formative qualitative research between January and March 2015 on the perception and determinants of such pregnancies in rural and urban areas of Niger and Togo. We supplemented this research with secondary analyses of data from Demographic and Health Surveys and a 2014 Niger survey. Our formative research showed that urban Togolese participants demonstrated more knowledge about advanced maternal age and high parity pregnancy risks than did participants in Niger as a whole. We found that such pregnancies were generally seen as part of reproductive norms in situations where fertility rates remain exceptionally high, especially in Niger. Social, gender, and religious norms, including competition between co-wives, also drove women into high parity and advanced maternal age situations, particularly in Niger, highlighting the need to bring men and community and religious leaders into family planning conversations to increase acceptance. The study also provided important insights needed to address these high-risk pregnancies through culturally appropriate health communication interventions. A main insight was that providers often had incomplete information about advanced maternal age and high parity pregnancies and lacked communication skills, protocols, and tools to appropriately discuss such pregnancy risks with clients. HC3 used these and additional findings to create an Implementation Kit (I-Kit) for family planning and maternal and child health program managers with guidance and tangible tools to address advanced maternal age and high parity pregnancy through social and behavior change communication. The I-Kit includes health communication materials to engage women, men, decision makers, communities, health care providers, journalists, and others. In 2016 and 2017, one organization each in Niger and Togo piloted the I-Kit, integrated selected I-Kit tools into their unique programs, and documented their experiences. Both organizations credited the I-Kit with expanding the scope of their programs to now address advanced maternal age and high parity pregnancy and provided concrete suggestions for adapting the materials according to activity and intended audience.
Topics: Adult; Female; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Maternal Age; Maternal Health Services; Middle Aged; Niger; Parity; Pregnancy; Qualitative Research; Risk Factors; Togo
PubMed: 29959276
DOI: 10.9745/GHSP-D-17-00417 -
The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... Aug 2018We sought to investigate the potential association between maternal age and the need for active obstetrical intervention intrapartum in primiparas. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
We sought to investigate the potential association between maternal age and the need for active obstetrical intervention intrapartum in primiparas.
STUDY DESIGN
Observational study over 14 years (2001-2014) of all consecutive primiparous singleton births having delivered at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hospitalier Sud Reunion's maternity (French overseas department, Indian Ocean).
RESULTS
Of the 21,235 singleton primiparous births, there were three significant linear associations between maternal age from 12 years of age to 42 + (all χ for linear trend, p < .0001) (a) vaginal deliveries without any medical intervention, (b) rate of cesarean sections, and (c) rate of operative vaginal procedures. These three linear associations persisted when controlling for maternal obesity (±30 kg/m), "heavy babies" (>3.5 kg), and ethnicity. Using maternal age remained significantly an independent risk factor (p < .0001), after controlling for the major confounders: maternal BMI, maternal height, birthweight ≥3500 g, p < .0001.
CONCLUSIONS
Increasing maternal age has a linear association with vaginal deliveries without any medical intervention, rate of cesarean sections, and rate of operative vaginal procedures. These associations are independent of maternal BMI and maternal height. We currently do not have a specific explanation why younger women appear to be protected from requiring intrapartum obstetric intervention. Nevertheless, these strong facts deserve acknowledgement and further research.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Cohort Studies; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Humans; Maternal Age; Middle Aged; Parity; Pregnancy; Young Adult
PubMed: 28532289
DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1334049