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Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Oct 2015Among modern humans, nasal cavity size and shape reflect its vital role in air conditioning processes. The ability for the nasal cavity to augment its shape,...
Among modern humans, nasal cavity size and shape reflect its vital role in air conditioning processes. The ability for the nasal cavity to augment its shape, particularly in inferior breadth, likely relates to the surrounding maxillary sinuses acting as zones of accommodation. However, much is still unknown regarding how nasal and sinus morphology relate to each other and to overall craniofacial form, particularly across diverse populations with varying respiratory demands. As such, this study uses computed tomographic (CT) scans of modern human crania (N = 171) from nine different localities to investigate ecogeographic differences in (1) the interaction between maxillary sinus volume (MSV) and nasal cavity breadth (NCB) and (2) scaling patterns of MSV and NCB in relation to craniofacial size. Reduced major axis (RMA) regression reveals that all samples exhibit an inverse relationship between MSV and NCB, but statistical significance and the strength of that relationship is sample dependent. Individuals from cold-dry climates have larger MSVs with narrower NCBs, while smaller MSVs are associated with wider NCBs in hot-humid climates. MSV and NCB each scale with positive allometry relative to overall craniofacial size. However, sample differences are evident in the both the interaction between MSV and NCB, as well as their correlation with craniofacial size. While these results provide further support that the maxillary sinus and nasal cavity are integrated among populations from opposite ends of the climatic spectrum, additional epigenetic factors are needed to explain variation of these structures among populations from more intermediate climates.
Topics: Climate; Female; Geography; Humans; Male; Maxillary Sinus; Nasal Cavity; Organ Size
PubMed: 26058686
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23182 -
Medicine Jul 2018Most cases of lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) occur in the nasopharynx, and LEC in the sinonasal tract is extremely rare; thus, the clinical characteristics of... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
Most cases of lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) occur in the nasopharynx, and LEC in the sinonasal tract is extremely rare; thus, the clinical characteristics of sinonasal LEC are not well known.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 63-year-old Japanese man presented with a three-week history of left cheek pain, nasal obstruction and cheek swelling.
DIAGNOSES
Enhanced CT and MRI revealed a tumor of the left maxillary sinus that invaded the left orbit and hard palate, with multiple swollen left cervical lymph nodes. Open biopsy was performed, and the specimen was diagnosed as LEC.
INTERVENTIONS
Alternating chemoradiotherapy (ALCRT) followed by salvage surgery was performed.
OUTCOMES
Our patient has been disease free for 5 years.
LESSONS
A literature review of the epidemiology, etiology, clinical course and management of sinonasal LEC is highlighted. We believe ALCRT followed by salvage surgery to be a highly optimal treatment for sinonasal LEC from the viewpoint of a balance between quality of life and a high curative effect.
Topics: Chemoradiotherapy; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Maxillary Sinus; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasms, Squamous Cell; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms; Salvage Therapy; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 29995775
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011371 -
Folia Morphologica 2019The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of maxillary sinus pathologies and anatomic variations in elderly and edentulous patients by using cone-beam computed...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of maxillary sinus pathologies and anatomic variations in elderly and edentulous patients by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study included elderly and young patient groups. The elderly group involved posterior edentulous and dentate patients. CBCT images were assessed, and the presence of any pathological findings, septa, accessory maxillary ostium, and Haller cell in each maxillary sinus were recorded according to the groups. Chi-square test was used to analyse the intergroup differences (p < 0.05).
RESULTS
There was no statistically difference between the young and elderly groups regarding the presence of a pathology (p = 0.077) and septa (p = 0.37), whereas accessory ostium (p = 0.009) was more common and Haller cell (p = 0.000) was less common in the elderly group when compared to the young group. There was no significant difference between the edentulous and dentate group regarding the presence of a pathology (p = 0.39), septation (p = 0.69) and Haller cell (p = 0.75); accessory ostium rate was found to be increased (p = 0,015) in edentulous patients.
CONCLUSIONS
It was observed that the frequency of accessory maxillary ostium was increased in elderly, especially in edentulism. And the frequency of Haller cell was found to be decreased in elderly patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Female; Humans; Male; Maxillary Sinus; Middle Aged; Mouth, Edentulous; Young Adult
PubMed: 30761514
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2019.0013 -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2022Anatomical variations in the sinonasal region are remarkably common and these variations may have an impact on maxillary sinus development due to their close anatomical...
INTRODUCTION
Anatomical variations in the sinonasal region are remarkably common and these variations may have an impact on maxillary sinus development due to their close anatomical adjacency.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of anatomical variations of the sinonasal region on the width, height, length, and volume of the maxillary sinus.
METHODS
Cone beam computed tomography records of 120 patients were evaluated. Nasal septum deviation angle was measured for each patient and patients were divided into three groups as mild, moderate, and severe. Sinonasal variations such as nasal septum deviation direction, septal spur, concha bullosa, uncinate process pneumatization, middle concha hypertrophy, inferior concha hypertrophy, paradoxical middle concha and presence of septa in the maxillary sinus were registered. Cone beam computed tomography images were transferred to the SimPlant software thus right and left maxillary sinus volumes and dimensions were measured separately.
RESULTS
There was a negative and statistically significant relationship between age and left maxillary sinus width (p = 0.015). The relationships between gender and maxillary sinus volumes and dimensions were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Although there were significant relationships between the nasal septum deviation severity, middle concha hypertrophy, inferior concha hypertrophy, paradoxical middle concha, and presence of septa and maxillary sinus dimensions; there was no significant relationship between septal spur, nasal septum deviation direction, concha bullosa, uncinate process pneumatization, and maxillary sinus dimensions. No statistically significant relationship could be determined between maxillary sinus volume and anatomical variations of the sinonasal region.
CONCLUSION
According to our findings, while certain the variations were found to affect the sinus dimensions; none of the variations was found to be related to the maxillary sinus volume.
Topics: Humans; Maxillary Sinus
PubMed: 34053909
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.05.001 -
PloS One 2020The aim of this study is 1) to obtain the area and volumes of the maxillary sinuses in patients affected by clinically unilateral sinus pathology by comparing the... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is 1) to obtain the area and volumes of the maxillary sinuses in patients affected by clinically unilateral sinus pathology by comparing the results to the contralateral sinus and 2) to determine the importance of the volumetric measures when diagnosing the percentage of sinus obliteration.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A single-centre observational retrospective clinical study was conducted in 214 patients with clinically unilateral sinus pathologies. Linear (mm), area (mm2) and volume (mm3) measurements were taken from Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of the affected sinus as well as from the contralateral ones. Histopathological study was performed using haematoxylin/eosin and PAS or Groccot stains. The lesions were classified into non-specific sinusitis, polyps, inverted papilloma, fungal sinusitis, cysts, mucocele and other lesions. Chi-squared test, ANOVA for independent samples and Pearson test were used for the statistical analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 100 sinuses were measured in 50 patients (28 men and 22 women, with an age of 43.6 years (SD = 18.3), 50 pathological and 50 healthy contralateral sinuses. The three-dimensional occupation volume of the affected sinuses was 97.1 mm3 (62.5%) vs. 40.6 mm3 (22.8%) in the healthy ones (p<0.0001). The medial-lateral width of the sinus in the frontal plane was significantly higher in the cysts group (32.4 mm, CI: 23-41.8 mm).
CONCLUSION
In medical terms, the global percentage of occupation determined using the classic manual determination method does not differ from the three-dimensional percentage calculated using specific complex software.
Topics: Adult; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Female; Humans; Male; Maxillary Sinus; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32555640
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234915 -
International Journal of Implant... Sep 2023Dental implants may become displaced into the maxillary sinus due to insufficient primary stability, changes in nasal air pressure, or surrounding bone resorption and...
PURPOSE
Dental implants may become displaced into the maxillary sinus due to insufficient primary stability, changes in nasal air pressure, or surrounding bone resorption and should be removed as soon as possible. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the modified endoscopic sinus surgery (MESS) approach for removal of displaced dental implants.
METHODS
From September 2010 to November 2021, we studied 15 cases with displaced implants in the maxillary sinus. The patient characteristics, medical history, clinical and imaging results, and post-removal outcomes were retrospectively assessed.
RESULTS
The symptoms included sinusitis (100%), pain (26.6%), postnasal drip (6.6%), nasal obstruction (26.6%), and oroantral communication (26.6%). Two cases were managed through the crestal approach (13.3%), while two cases were treated with the Caldwell-Luc procedure (13.3%). One case was addressed using functional endoscopic sinus surgery (6.7%), while 10 cases were managed with the MESS approach (66.7%). MESS allows functional rehabilitation of mucociliary clearance by the cilia in the sinus membrane. Implant displacement into the maxillary sinus can be classified as early, late, or delayed displacement.
CONCLUSIONS
MESS is a reliable treatment option that can identify migrated dental implants in any part of the sinus with endoscopic assistance for functional rehabilitation of the maxillary sinus without postoperative sequelae.
Topics: Humans; Maxillary Sinus; Dental Implants; Retrospective Studies; Oroantral Fistula; Physical Therapy Modalities
PubMed: 37667114
DOI: 10.1186/s40729-023-00490-2 -
Otolaryngologia Polska = the Polish... Jun 2020<b>Background:</b> Restoration of the masticatory function in patients with edentulous posterior maxilla is often challenging due to the severe atrophy of...
<b>Background:</b> Restoration of the masticatory function in patients with edentulous posterior maxilla is often challenging due to the severe atrophy of the alveolar ridges and proximity of the maxillary sinus, resulting in insufficient bone quantity for implant-supported dentures. <br><b>Aim:</b> The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in Schneiderian membrane thickness after lateral sinus floor augmentation (LSFA) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). <br><b>Material and methods:</b> WLSFA procedures using different bone grafting materials were performed in 87 patients, operated on in two clinical institutions from 2016 to 2018. CBCT examination was performed in all patients before the LSFA procedure, at 1 month after surgery, and after 6 months, before implant placement or loading. <br><b>Results: </b>Minor r adiological changes in mucous membrane morphology were observed preoperatively in 17.1% of patients. Postoperative CBCT in the early postsurgical period demonstrated that the number of intact non-specific sinuses decreased significantly, i.e. from 86.7% to 26.7%. The number of cases with local hypertrophia of the mucous membrane increased from 20.3% to 26.7%. Mucosal thickening was observed in 41.7% vs 7.5%. The number of intact sinuses increased to 57.8%. The number of cases with local membrane hypertrophia also increased - to 37.4%. The number of cases with mucosal thickening or fluid accumulation decreased significantly to 11.8 and 5.3% respectively. In 2 cases the development of chronic sinusitis required secondary surgeries. <br><b>Conclusion:</b> The present retrospective study revealed that minor radiological changes in the morphology of the maxillary sinus mucosa were observed preoperatively in 17.1% of patients who underwent LSFA procedures. In the early and late postoperative period their frequency increased to 68.5% and 47.1%, respectively. However, the clinical signs of sinusitis developed only in 19.26% of patients. No significant correlations were found between the frequency and severity of postoperative radiological changes and residual bone height, sinus anatomy, initial state of the mucous membrane and type of the grafting material.
Topics: Adult; Bone Resorption; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Female; Humans; Male; Maxillary Sinus; Middle Aged; Nasal Mucosa; Retrospective Studies; Sinus Floor Augmentation
PubMed: 32831187
DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.1679 -
BMC Oral Health Jul 2021The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the maxillary sinus and the canine root apices in cone beam computed tomographic images...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the maxillary sinus and the canine root apices in cone beam computed tomographic images (CBCT) and to assess the amount of extension of the maxillary sinus to the anterior region of the jaw in different sexes and age groups.
METHODS
CBCT of 300 individuals (154 males and 146 females) over 20 years (with a mean age of 35.12 ± 8.40 years) were evaluated. The subjects were categorized into three age groups (20-30, 30-40, and 40-50 years). When the maxillary sinus extended to the canine area, the vertical distance between them was measured, and their relationship was classified into three types: I (more than 2 mm distance), II (less than 2 mm distance or in-contact), and III (interlock).
RESULTS
413 out of 600 maxillary sinuses (68.8%) were extended into the canine area or beyond. Among them, 15 maxillary sinuses pneumatized into the incisor area (2.5%). The prevalence of the maxillary sinuses extended to the anterior region of the jaw was not significantly different between genders. However, it was significantly less frequent in the older age group and more frequent on the left side. In addition, the mean amount of anterior extension of the maxillary sinus (mm) was significantly lower in the older age group. Type I was the most frequent vertical relationship between the maxillary sinuses and canine apices with no significant difference in gender, side, and age groups.
CONCLUSIONS
In most cases, the maxillary sinus extended to the canine area and sometimes reached the incisor region. This necessitates paying more attention to the maxillary anterior sextant during surgical procedures.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Female; Humans; Incisor; Male; Maxilla; Maxillary Sinus; Meristem; Young Adult
PubMed: 34246270
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01700-2 -
PloS One 2022This study aims to develop artificial intelligence (AI) system to automatically classify patients with maxillary sinus fungal ball (MFB), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS),...
BACKGROUND
This study aims to develop artificial intelligence (AI) system to automatically classify patients with maxillary sinus fungal ball (MFB), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and healthy controls (HCs).
METHODS
We collected 512 coronal image sets from ostiomeatal unit computed tomography (OMU CT) performed on subjects who visited a single tertiary hospital. These data included 254 MFB, 128 CRS, and 130 HC subjects and were used for training the proposed AI system. The AI system takes these 1024 sets of half CT images as input and classifies these as MFB, CRS, or HC. To optimize the classification performance, we adopted a 3-D convolutional neural network of ResNet 18. We also collected 64 coronal OMU CT image sets for external validation, including 26 MFB, 18 CRS, and 20 HCs from subjects from another referral hospital. Finally, the performance of the developed AI system was compared with that of the otolaryngology resident physicians.
RESULTS
Classification performance was evaluated using internal 5-fold cross-validation (818 training and 206 internal validation data) and external validation (128 data). The area under the receiver operating characteristic over the internal 5-fold cross-validation and the external validation was 0.96 ±0.006 and 0.97 ±0.006, respectively. The accuracy of the internal 5-fold cross-validation and the external validation was 87.5 ±2.3% and 88.4 ±3.1%, respectively. As a result of performing a classification test on external validation data from six otolaryngology resident physicians, the accuracy was obtained as 84.6 ±11.3%.
CONCLUSIONS
This AI system is the first study to classify MFB, CRS, and HC using deep neural networks to the best of our knowledge. The proposed system is fully automatic but performs similarly to or better than otolaryngology resident physicians. Therefore, we believe that in regions where otolaryngology specialists are scarce, the proposed AI will perform sufficiently effective diagnosis on behalf of doctors.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Deep Learning; Humans; Maxillary Sinus; Neural Networks, Computer; ROC Curve; Sinusitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35213545
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263125 -
Medical Principles and Practice :... 2019Sinus floor elevation and augmentation surgery is widely used as a reliable procedure to increase insufficient bone height in the posterior maxillary area. The purpose...
OBJECTIVES
Sinus floor elevation and augmentation surgery is widely used as a reliable procedure to increase insufficient bone height in the posterior maxillary area. The purpose of the present clinical study was to determine the associations between periodontal bone loss (PBL), maxillary sinus lateral bone wall thickness, age, and gender using cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The current retrospective study consists of 716 maxillary sinus CBCT images of 358 patients. The CBCT scans were assessed to detect the relationship between lateral wall thickness and PBL. ANOVA and Student t test analysis were used to determine the influence of PBL on sinus lateral wall thickness.
RESULTS
Sinus lateral wall thickness was significantly associated with PBL (p < 0.05) at 3, 13, and 15 mm height. There was no significant association between lateral wall thickness and gender (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant association between lateral wall thickness at 3 and 13 mm and age (p < 0.05). There were significant associations between PBL and age (p < 0.001), and PBL and gender (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
PBL might have an association with maxillary sinus lateral bone wall thickness. Further studies are needed to confirm this possible relationship.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alveolar Bone Loss; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Maxillary Sinus; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Sex Factors; Sinus Floor Augmentation; Young Adult
PubMed: 30296784
DOI: 10.1159/000494325