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BMC Ophthalmology Jun 2022Structural ophthalmologic findings have been reported in patients with β-thalassemia due to chronic anemia, iron overload, and iron chelation therapy toxicity in few...
BACKGROUND
Structural ophthalmologic findings have been reported in patients with β-thalassemia due to chronic anemia, iron overload, and iron chelation therapy toxicity in few previous studies. We aimed to investigate structural ocular findings and their relationship with hematological parameters in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (TDT).
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, from January 2018 to January 2019, 39 patients with TDT over the age of 18 participated. Multicolor fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and blue light fundus autofluorescence imaging were performed for all patients and 27 age- and sex-matched controls.
RESULTS
The mean age of patients was 28.6 ± 6.2 years. The central macular thickness and macular thicknesses in all quadrants were significantly thinner in patients than controls (P<0.05). None of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements were significantly different between TDT patients and controls. There was a significantly negative correlation between hemoglobin with central macula thickness (r=-0.439, P=0.005). All measurements of macular subfield thickness were insignificantly thinner in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to the non-DM subgroup.
CONCLUSIONS
Macular thickness was significantly thinner in central macula and entire quadrants in TDT patients compared to healthy individuals; however, all RNFL measurement thicknesses were comparable between the two groups. Close monitoring of TDT patients by periodic ophthalmologic examinations with more focus on diabetic patients, patients with severe anemia and iron overload should be warranted.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Iron Overload; Macula Lutea; Middle Aged; Nerve Fibers; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Young Adult; beta-Thalassemia
PubMed: 35751049
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02490-z -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia 2020To evaluate changes in ocular blood flow and subfoveal choroidal thickness in patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis after carotid artery stenting.
PURPOSES
To evaluate changes in ocular blood flow and subfoveal choroidal thickness in patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis after carotid artery stenting.
METHODS
We included 15 men (mean age, 63.6 ± 9.1 years) with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis and 18 healthy volunteers (all men; mean age, 63.7 ± 5.3 years). All participants underwent detailed ophthalmologic examinations including choroidal thickness measurement using enhanced depth-imaging optic coherence tomography. The patients also underwent posterior ciliary artery blood flow measurements using color Doppler ultrasonography before and after carotid artery stenting.
RESULTS
Patients lacked ocular ischemic symptoms. Their peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities increased to 10.1 ± 13.1 (p=0.005) and 3.9 ± 6.3 (p=0.064) cm/s, respectively, after the procedure. Subfoveal choroidal thicknesses were significantly thinner in patients with carotid artery stenosis than those in the healthy controls (p=0.01). But during the first week post-procedure, the subfoveal choroidal thicknesses increased significantly (p=0.04). The peak systolic velocities of the posterior ciliary arteries increased significantly after carotid artery stenting (p=0.005). We found a significant negative correlation between the mean increase in peak systolic velocity values after treatment and the mean preprocedural subfoveal choroidal thickness in the study group (p=0.025, r=-0.617).
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with carotid artery stenosis, the subfoveal choroid is thinner than that in healthy controls. The subfoveal choroidal thickness increases after carotid artery stenting. Carotid artery stenting treatment increases the blood flow to the posterior ciliary artery, and the preprocedural subfoveal choroidal thickness may be a good predictor of the postprocedural peak systolic velocity of the posterior ciliary artery.
Topics: Aged; Blood Flow Velocity; Carotid Arteries; Carotid Stenosis; Choroid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Ophthalmic Artery; Regional Blood Flow; Stents; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 33084820
DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.20200081 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia 2021To comparatively evaluate the subfoveal choroidal thickness and the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with chronic heart failure relative to...
PURPOSE
To comparatively evaluate the subfoveal choroidal thickness and the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in patients with chronic heart failure relative to control subjects.
METHODS
A total of 72 chronic heart failure patients and 40 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this study. The patients were categorized into 2 groups: group 1: patients with 30-50% left ventricle ejection fraction and group 2: patients with the corresponding fraction value of <30%. The subfoveal choroidal thickness and the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were measured by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography.
RESULTS
The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 250.24 ± 68.34 µm in group 1 and 216.72 ± 71.24 µm in group 2, while it was 273.64 ± 77.68 µm in the control group. The differences among the 3 groups were statistically significant. The average peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses were 100.34 ± 8.24, 95.44 ± 6.67, and 102.34 ± 8.24 µm, respectively. No significant differences were noted in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses between group 1 and control group, but it was significantly lower in group 2.
CONCLUSION
Our study thus revealed that the subfoveal choroidal thickness was lower in patients belonging to both the chronic heart failure groups in comparison to those in the control group. However, the alteration in the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was noted in only patients with <30% left ventricle ejection fraction. In the clinical practice, reductions in these values are correlated with decreased left ventricle ejection fraction, which may be important for the follow-up of chorioretinal diseases and the evaluation of glaucoma risks in patients with chronic heart failures.
Topics: Choroid; Heart Failure; Humans; Nerve Fibers; Optic Disk; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 34320107
DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.20210077 -
Brazilian Oral Research Jun 2020This study evaluated the interference of enamel and coronal dentin thickness and ambient light in pulse oximetry interpretation, using SaO2the human finger as a...
This study evaluated the interference of enamel and coronal dentin thickness and ambient light in pulse oximetry interpretation, using SaO2the human finger as a reference. Forty-two intact human permanent mandibular molars were sectioned mesiodistally in the central portion. Buccal and lingual dentin surfaces were drilled, and 4 mm, 3 mm and 2 mm enamel/dentin thicknesses were interposed between finger and device, after which SaO2 levels were measured by finger pulse oximetry. A reference device was designed to align pulse oximeter light-emitting diode, buccal surface of tooth, little finger, lingual surface of tooth and photodiode. Variables were described as means and standard deviation, and the confidence interval was reported. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the groups, followed by Bonferroni correction. Student t test for paired samples was used to determine presence of ambient light (α = 0.05). Mean SaO2 level was lower at 4.0 ± 0.2 mm thickness, regardless of presence or absence of ambient light (92.7% and 89.3%). The other thicknesses yielded values of 95.5% and 94.5% at 3.0 ± 0.2 mm, and 96.4% and 96.0% at 2.0 ± 0.2 mm (p < 0.001). There were significant differences between SaO2 values at 4.0 ± 0.2 mm, 3.0 ± 0.2 mm and 2.0 ± 0.2 mm thicknesses, in the presence of ambient light. Mean SaO2 level in positive control was 96.3%, and mean pulse rate was 69.5 bpm in presence of ambient light; in the absence of light, these values were 96% and 70.5 bpm. Enamel and dentin thickness interfere with SaO2, regardless of presence or absence of ambient light. The lowest SaO2 levels were found for the thickest tooth samples.
Topics: Dental Enamel; Dentin; Humans; Molar; Oximetry; Oxygen
PubMed: 32609233
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0064 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Dec 2022To investigate the impact of different-thickness scleral lenses (SLs) on corneal thickness, curvature, and fluid reservoir thickness in keratoconic eyes.
PURPOSE
To investigate the impact of different-thickness scleral lenses (SLs) on corneal thickness, curvature, and fluid reservoir thickness in keratoconic eyes.
METHODS
Schiempflug imaging and AS-OCT was captured before and immediately following 6 h of SL wear. Different-thickness lenses were used while keeping the other parameters the same. The timing of the measurement for day 1 and day 2 was matched to allow for the control of the confounding influence of diurnal variation.
RESULTS
Immediately after 6 h of lens wear, no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) was noted in corneal edema in any region and quadrants between thin- and thick-lens wearers. The calculated percentage of corneal edema was also within the range of overnight closed eye physiological swelling. Pentacam measured higher central corneal thickness compared to AS-OCT in both baselines and after 6 h of lens wear. The current investigation reported minimal but not statistically significant (P > 0.05) flattening in anterior and steepening in posterior curvature parameters in both thin and thick SLs. The mean reduction in the fluid reservoir thickness was 80.00 ± 3.99 and 79.36 ± 3.84 microns after 6 h of thin- and thick-lens wear, respectively, which was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). A statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.67, P = 0.02) was found between lens thickness and change in anterior steep k with thick-lens wear.
CONCLUSION
Central lens thickness of 200-400 μm did not cause any significant change in corneal curvature and fluid reservoir thickness and did not induce clinically significant corneal edema after short-term SL wear.
Topics: Humans; Keratoconus; Corneal Edema; Cornea; Lens, Crystalline; Sclera
PubMed: 36453326
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1309_22 -
Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society 2022The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of ceramic material, ceramic thickness, and implant abutment background to the final color of restorations.
AIM
The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of ceramic material, ceramic thickness, and implant abutment background to the final color of restorations.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
This was a comparative in vitro study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three different types of monolithic and porcelain-veneered zirconia disc-shaped specimens (Prettau Anterior, VITA YZ ST, and VITA YZ HT) were prepared in A3 shade with two different thicknesses (1 mm and 1.5 mm) (n = 10). Each zirconia material was made of 4-mm thickness as a control specimen of each monolithic zirconia type, and 4-mm thick veneering ceramic (VITA VM9 Base Dentine) was made as a control for veneered zirconia groups. Three simulated implant abutments were fabricated from titanium, white-shaded and yellow-shaded zirconia. The zirconia specimens were placed on different abutment backgrounds, and the color difference (ΔE) between experimental and control specimens was measured.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
The three-way ANOVA and the Scheffé test were used for data analysis (α = 0.05).
RESULTS
The mean ΔE values between two thicknesses were significantly different in every background for all zirconia materials. The ΔE values of zirconia specimens on yellow zirconia were lower than those of other abutments. The clinically acceptable ΔE value (ΔE <3) was found in some monolithic zirconia specimens on white-shaded and yellow-shaded abutments, while the ΔE value is approximately 3 or less in all 1.5-mm thick porcelain-veneered zirconia groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Different zirconia materials on implant abutments affected the final color of restorations. To achieve satisfactory color, the minimum thickness of zirconia restorations should be at least 1.5 mm on yellow zirconia abutment.
Topics: Dental Porcelain; Materials Testing; Color; Dental Implants; Dental Materials
PubMed: 36511058
DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_179_22 -
Beyoglu Eye Journal 2020This study was an analysis of the retinal layer thickness in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
OBJECTIVES
This study was an analysis of the retinal layer thickness in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).
METHODS
A total of 42 patients diagnosed in the neurology clinic with MS according to the McDonald Criteria and 21 healthy individuals were included in the study and 4 groups were created. The first group comprised 21 eyes of 21 MS patients without eye involvement, the second group was made up of 21 eyes of 21 MS patients with a history of optic neuritis, the third group included the other eye of patients in the second group without a history of optic neuritis, and the fourth group was a control group of 21 eyes of 21 healthy individuals. SD-OCT was used to visualize and measure the retinal layers and the thickness was analyzed using the device software.
RESULTS
The mean age of the patient groups was 35.39±7.52 years, while it was 32.86±2.60 years in the control group. The mean duration of the disease was 9.81±6.65 years with a mean of 4.84±2.38 attacks. The ganglion cell layer (GCL) and the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of all of the patients were thinner compared with the control group in the parafoveal and perifoveal areas. All regions of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) of patients in the second group were thinner than those of the control group. The RNFL, GCL, and IPL in the central, parafoveal and perifoveal macular rings in group 3 were thinner than the group 1 measurements; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Although the RNFL, GCL, and IPL layer thicknesses were lower in group 2 than group 3, only the difference in the parafoveal GCL thickness was statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated that MS affects retinal layer thickness, and particularly the inner retinal layers.
PubMed: 35098070
DOI: 10.14744/bej.2020.65982 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology May 2024To evaluate the association between scleral thickness and a newly developed multimodal imaging-based classification of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).
PURPOSE
To evaluate the association between scleral thickness and a newly developed multimodal imaging-based classification of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).
DESIGN
Retrospective, cross-sectional study.
METHODS
This study included 217 eyes of 217 patients classified as simple or complex CSC based on the established protocols. Clinical and anatomical factors were compared between the 2 types. The scleral thickness was measured at 4 locations using anterior-segment optical coherence tomography.
RESULTS
Of the 217 eyes, 167 were classified as simple CSC and 50 as complex CSC. The complex CSC group showed older age (P = .011), higher male ratio (P = .001), more bilateral involvement (P < .001), poorer visual acuity (P < .001), greater subfoveal choroidal thickness (P = .025), and higher frequency of loculation of fluid (P < .001) and ciliochoroidal effusion (P < .001) than the simple CSC group. The complex CSC group had significantly greater scleral thicknesses in the superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal directions (all P < .001) than the simple CSC group. Multivariable analysis revealed that older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.054, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.013-1.097, P < .001), male sex (OR 10.445, 95% CI 1.151-94.778, P < .001), bilateral involvement (OR 7.641, 95% CI 3.316-17.607, P < .001), and the mean value of scleral thicknesses in 4 directions (OR 1.022, 95% CI 1.012-1.032, P < .001) were significantly associated with the complex CSC.
CONCLUSIONS
Older age, male sex, bilateral involvement, and thick sclera were associated with the complex CSC. Scleral thickness seemed to determine the clinical manifestations of CSC.
Topics: Humans; Male; Retrospective Studies; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy; Sclera; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fluorescein Angiography; Visual Acuity; Choroid; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 38281567
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.01.025 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Mar 2022To elucidate clinical factors related to the presence of loculation of fluid (LOF) in the posterior choroid in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).
PURPOSE
To elucidate clinical factors related to the presence of loculation of fluid (LOF) in the posterior choroid in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).
DESIGN
Retrospective, cross-sectional study.
METHODS
This single-center study included 158 eyes from 158 patients with CSC who were classified into LOF and non-LOF groups. The groups were compared for age, sex, spherical equivalent, axial length, subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT), and scleral thickness. Using swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT), we determined the presence of LOF based on B-scan and en face images. Scleral thickness was measured 6 mm posterior to the scleral spur in 4 directions using anterior-segment OCT.
RESULTS
The 158 eyes were classified into 98 eyes in the LOF group and 60 eyes in the non-LOF group. In univariable analyses, the LOF group was younger (P = .01) and had a higher male ratio (P = .03) and greater SCT (P < .001) than the non-LOF group. All scleral thicknesses at the superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal points were greater in the LOF group than in the non-LOF group (426.2 vs 395.1 μm, 445.7 vs 414.9 μm, 459.2 vs 428.8 μm, 445.4 vs 414.3 μm, all P < .05). Multivariable analyses found that SCT (odds ratio [OR] 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.02, P < .001) and mean scleral thickness (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.02-1.03, P = .002) were significantly associated with the presence of LOF.
CONCLUSION
A thick choroid and thick sclera appeared to be related to the presence of LOF in CSC.
Topics: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy; Choroid; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Male; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 34547278
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.09.009 -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Jan 2023Due to a recent development of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) systems, it is easier to realize high-resolution in vivo imaging of the biological tissues. The object of...
OBJECTIVES
Due to a recent development of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) systems, it is easier to realize high-resolution in vivo imaging of the biological tissues. The object of this study was to map the thickness and echo density of skin layers in healthy Chinese people and assess the influence of gender, age, and region on it.
METHODS
A total of 189 volunteers (85 male, 104 female) with age range of 22-75-year old (mean age of 41.2-year old) were enrolled. The thickness and density of the epidermis and dermis layer were detected by high-frequency (22 or 75 MHz) ultrasonography at 13 different anatomical sites, including the forehead, cheeks, flexor and extensor forearms, flexor and extensor upper arms, inner and outer legs, inner and outer thighs, back, and abdomen.
RESULTS
The thickness and density of epidermis/dermis between different anatomical sites were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The epidermis thickness of the face and trunk were less than that of the limbs, whereas the thicknesses of the dermis were on the contrary. The density of the epidermis/dermis of the face and trunk were less than that of the limbs. The thickness of dermis in most of the sites were higher in male than in female, and the density of epidermis and dermis in most of the sites were less in men than in women. The thicknesses/densities of dermis were lower in older age group in almost all sites, whereas only several sites reached statistical. The difference between the north and south regions showed the environment also influenced the thickness and density of the skin.
CONCLUSION
HFUS provides a simple noninvasive method for evaluating the skin thickness and echo-density, which, reflecting intradermal structure, exhibit systematic regional variation. With the establishment of Chinese phenotypic database of skin thickness and density, it will be helpful for the skin disease assessment, skin surgery, and cosmetology technology.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Aged; Adult; Young Adult; Middle Aged; East Asian People; Skin; Epidermis; Ultrasonography; Epidermal Cells
PubMed: 36331142
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13219