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Frontiers in Medicine 2021To evaluate the effect of femtosecond laser-assisted keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) on retinal fovea thickness, volume, and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness....
To evaluate the effect of femtosecond laser-assisted keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) on retinal fovea thickness, volume, and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness. Thirty-seven eyes (37 patients) undergoing FS-LASIK were included in this prospective study. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed 1 day before, 1 h and 1 day after FS-LASIK surgery. Eighteen male and nineteen females were enrolled. Mean patient age was 22.94 ± 4.22 years. One hour postoperatively, macula fovea thicknesses, macula fovea volume, macula parafovea thickness, macula parafovea volume, macula perifovea thickness, macula perifove volume, temporal RNFL thickness, and superior RNFL thickness measures showed significant decrease ( = 6.171, 6.032, and 9.837, 9.700, 2.532, 4.393, 4.926, 2.265; = 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.016, 0.000, 0.000, and 0.011). Day 1 post-operation, macula fovea thicknesses, macula fovea volume, macula parafovea thickness, macula parafovea volume, and inferior RNFL thickness measures showed significant change compared to preoperative measures ( = 3.620, 3.220, 2.901, 2.910, 3.632; = 0.001, 0.003, 0.006, 0.006, and 0.001). Our data suggest there are alterations in retinal foveal and RNFL measurements by OCT 1 h and 1 day after FS-LASIK surgery.
PubMed: 34912833
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.778666 -
Translational Vision Science &... Sep 2023The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of prophylactic ranibizumab (PR) injections given every 3 months in eyes with intermediate nonexudative... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of prophylactic ranibizumab (PR) injections given every 3 months in eyes with intermediate nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) on drusen volume, macular layer thicknesses, and progression of geographic atrophy (GA) area over 24 months in the PREVENT trial.
METHODS
This post hoc analysis of the prospective PREVENT trial compared eyes with intermediate AMD randomized to PR versus sham injections to determine rates of conversion to neovascular AMD over 24 months. Drusen area and volume, macular thickness and volume, and retinal layer thicknesses were measured on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images and analyzed. Masked grading of GA area and subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs) using fundus autofluorescence images was performed.
RESULTS
There were no statistical differences in drusen area and volumes between groups, and similar reductions in central subfield thickness, mean cube thickness, cube volume, and retinal sublayer thickness from baseline to 24 months (P = 0.018 to < 0.001), with no statistical differences between groups in any of these anatomic parameters. These findings were not impacted by the presence or absence of SDD. Among the 9 eyes with GA in this study, mean GA growth rate from baseline to 24 months was 1.34 +/- 0.79 mm2/year after PR and 1.95 +/- 1.73 mm2/year in sham-treated eyes (P = 0.49), and similarly showed no statistical difference with square root transformation (P = 0.61).
CONCLUSIONS
Prophylactic ranibizumab given every 3 months did not appear to affect drusen volume, macular thinning, or GA progression in eyes with intermediate AMD.
TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE
This work investigates the impact of PR on progressive retinal degeneration in a clinical trial.
Topics: Humans; Child, Preschool; Ranibizumab; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Prospective Studies; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Visual Acuity; Wet Macular Degeneration; Retina; Geographic Atrophy
PubMed: 37656449
DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.9.1 -
International Journal of Ophthalmology 2021To develop a classifier for differentiating between healthy and early stage glaucoma eyes based on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses measured...
AIM
To develop a classifier for differentiating between healthy and early stage glaucoma eyes based on peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT), using machine learning algorithms with a high interpretability.
METHODS
Ninety patients with early glaucoma and 85 healthy eyes were included. Early glaucoma eyes showed a visual field (VF) defect with mean deviation >-6.00 dB and characteristic glaucomatous morphology. RNFL thickness in every quadrant, clock-hour and average thickness were used to feed machine learning algorithms. Cluster analysis was conducted to detect and exclude outliers. Tree gradient boosting algorithms were used to calculate the importance of parameters on the classifier and to check the relation between their values and its impact on the classifier. Parameters with the lowest importance were excluded and a weighted decision tree analysis was applied to obtain an interpretable classifier. Area under the ROC curve (AUC), accuracy and generalization ability of the model were estimated using cross validation techniques.
RESULTS
Average and 7 clock-hour RNFL thicknesses were the parameters with the highest importance. Correlation between parameter values and impact on classification displayed a stepped pattern for average thickness. Decision tree model revealed that average thickness lower than 82 µm was a high predictor for early glaucoma. Model scores had AUC of 0.953 (95%CI: 0.903-0998), with an accuracy of 89%.
CONCLUSION
Gradient boosting methods provide accurate and highly interpretable classifiers to discriminate between early glaucoma and healthy eyes. Average and 7-hour RNFL thicknesses have the best discriminant power.
PubMed: 33747815
DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.03.10 -
Journal of Ophthalmology 2021To evaluate the differences in macular choroidal thickness and volume among patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG), patients with primary open-angle glaucoma...
PURPOSE
To evaluate the differences in macular choroidal thickness and volume among patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG), patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and controls.
METHODS
A total of 50 PXG patients (50 eyes) and 56 POAG patients (56 eyes) were selected as the PXG group and the POAG group, respectively, in this case-control study. A total of 54 age-, gender-, IOP-, and axial length-matched healthy individuals (54 eyes) were selected as the control group. Enhanced-depth imaging-optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) was used to measure and analyze the choroidal thicknesses and volumes in 9 macular regions of all subjects.
RESULTS
The choroidal thicknesses in the central subfield (CSM), temporal inner macula (TIM), inferior inner macula (IIM), and temporal outer macula (TOM) and the mean macular choroidal thickness were significantly thinner in the PXG group than in the control group (all < 0.05). The choroidal volumes in the TIM, IIM, and TOM and the mean macular choroidal volume were significantly smaller in the PXG group than in the control group (all < 0.05). The choroidal thicknesses in the CSM and IIM and the mean macular choroidal thickness were significantly thinner in the PXG group than in the POAG group (all < 0.05). The choroidal volumes in the IIM and TOM and the mean macular choroidal volume were significantly smaller in the PXG group than in the POAG group (all < 0.05). Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the mean macular choroidal thickness was significantly thinner in association with older subjects and longer axial length eyes. There was no association between the macular choroidal thickness of various macular regions and visual field mean defect (MD) in groups PXG and POAG (all > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The macular choroidal thicknesses and volumes (inferior and temporal) in PXG patients were thinner and smaller than those in POAG patients and healthy individuals. The role of choroidal thickness changes in the course of PXG remains unclear. A future prospective study is needed to better define these changes in PXG patients.
PubMed: 34824868
DOI: 10.1155/2021/3897952 -
Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology Dec 2022The aim of this study was to determine the normal range of masseter muscle thickness by ultrasonographic measurement in individuals over 15 years of age, and to evaluate...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the normal range of masseter muscle thickness by ultrasonographic measurement in individuals over 15 years of age, and to evaluate its relationship with age, gender, facial morphology, body mass index and parafunctional habits.
METHODS
The study was conducted on 115 volunteers whose lateral cephalometric radiography was performed within the indication in Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. The participants in the study were asked questions about their parafunctional habits, age, height and weight. Individuals were grouped as hypodivergent ( = 28), normdivergent ( = 55), or hyperdivergent ( = 32) according to vertical face morphology by making measurements on lateral cephalometric films. Right and left masseter muscle thicknesses of individuals were measured by ultrasonography while at rest and in contraction.
RESULTS
The mean value of masseter muscle thickness was found to be 13.57 ± 2.57 mm. The rest and contracted muscle thicknesses were significantly higher in males than in females for the right and left masseter muscles ( < 0.05). When the masseter muscle was at rest and contracted, its thickness was higher in individuals with hypodivergent facial morphology, than in the other groups. No statistically significant difference was found in terms of masseter muscle thickness between individuals having parafunctional habits and those who did not have parafunctional habits ( > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Although masseter muscle thickness varied according to vertical facial morphology, this was not the case for parafunctional habits.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Masseter Muscle; Face; Cephalometry; Ultrasonography; Habits
PubMed: 35926082
DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20220166 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Mar 2022To compare the differences in retinal vascular structure and choroidal thickness between the active disease and post-recovery periods in COVID-19 patients and healthy...
PURPOSE
To compare the differences in retinal vascular structure and choroidal thickness between the active disease and post-recovery periods in COVID-19 patients and healthy controls.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This prospective, cross-sectional study included 30 eyes from 30 patients with severe COVID-19 and 30 eyes of 30 sex-matched healthy controls. Central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) and retinal vascular changes of patients were measured after positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (where the patient had COVID-19-related symptoms) and then three months after two negative PCRs. Laboratory parameters, including C-reactive protein and d-dimer levels, were also recorded.
RESULTS
The mean age of the patients was 47.90 ± 9.06 years in patients group, 49.07 ± 8.41 years in control goups (p = 0.467). In terms of choroidal thicknesses subfoveal, nasal and temporal region were significantly higher in the active disease period than control group (p = 0.019, p = 0.036, p = 0.003, respectively). When the after recovery period was compared with the control group in terms of choroidal thickness, although the choroidal thickness was higher in all regions, this difference was not found statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference in CMT between groups (p = 0.506).The mean venous and arterial wall thicknesses were significantly higher in the active period than after recovery (p = 0.023, p = 0.013, respectively) but there were no differences between after recovery and control groups in the pairwise comparison (p = 0.851, p = 0.715, respectively).
CONCLUSION
In patients with severe COVID-19, there are changes in thickness of the choroid and retinal vessel walls. While vascular wall thickness increases due to inflammation, the absence of lumen changes may be associated with hemodynamic variables.
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Choroid; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Photochemotherapy; Prospective Studies; Retinal Vessels; SARS-CoV-2; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 34879296
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102674 -
Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine Dec 2021Several cadaveric imaging studies have demonstrated that the articular cartilage thickness on the tibial plateau varies depending on coverage by native meniscal tissue....
BACKGROUND
Several cadaveric imaging studies have demonstrated that the articular cartilage thickness on the tibial plateau varies depending on coverage by native meniscal tissue. These differences are thought to partially contribute to the rates of cartilage degeneration and development of osteoarthritis after meniscectomy. Because there is greater tibial plateau coverage with meniscal tissue in the setting of a discoid meniscus, these findings may also have implications for the long-term health of the knee after saucerization of a torn discoid meniscus.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the relationship between lateral compartment articular cartilage thickness and the presence or absence of a discoid meniscus.
STUDY DESIGN
Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.
METHODS
Included in the study were 25 patients younger than 40 years of age who had undergone a 1.5-T or 3-T knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between 2010 and 2016 at a single institution and had an intact, lateral discoid meniscus. Only patients with an otherwise asymptomatic lateral compartment were included. The authors then identified 35 age-matched controls with a nondiscoid, intact lateral meniscus who underwent knee MRI at the same institution and during the same period. The articular cartilage thicknesses in 6 zones of the lateral femoral condyle (LFC) and lateral tibial plateau (LTP) were measured for each patient by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists, and the mean thicknesses were compared between the study and control groups.
RESULTS
The average age at MRI was 22.63 years (range, 8.30-35.90 years) for the discoid group and 20.93 years (range, 8.43-34.99 years) for the nondiscoid group. The nondiscoid group had significantly greater mean articular cartilage thickness in all 6 zones of the LTP ( < .05 for all). When comparing the zones of the LFC, there was no significant difference in the mean thickness in any zone between the 2 groups.
CONCLUSION
Patients with discoid menisci had thinner baseline articular cartilage thickness in the LTP compared with those patients without discoid menisci.
PubMed: 34988233
DOI: 10.1177/23259671211062258 -
Clinical Oral Implants Research Jun 2022In systematically healthy patients with an implant-supported fixed restoration (P), what is the influence of thin (E) as compared to thick (C) peri-implant soft tissues... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
In systematically healthy patients with an implant-supported fixed restoration (P), what is the influence of thin (E) as compared to thick (C) peri-implant soft tissues on aesthetic outcomes (O)?
METHODS
Following an a priori protocol, a literature search of six databases was conducted up to August 2020 to identify prospective/retrospective clinical studies on healthy patients with an implant-supported fixed reconstruction. Measurement of the buccal soft tissue thickness and an aesthetic outcome was a prerequisite, and sites presenting with a buccal soft tissue thickness of <2 mm or shimmering of a periodontal probe were categorized as a thin phenotype. After study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment, random-effects meta-analysis of Mean Differences (MD) or Odds Ratios (OR) with their corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were conducted, followed by sensitivity analyses and assessment of the quality of evidence.
RESULTS
Thirty-four unique studies reporting on 1508 patients with 1606 sites were included (9 randomized controlled trials, one controlled trial, 10 prospective cohort studies, 8 cross-sectional studies, and 6 retrospective cohort studies). The mean difference of the pink aesthetic score (PES) after the follow-up was not significantly different between thin (<2.0 mm) or thick soft tissues (≥2.0 mm) or phenotypes (12 studies; MD = 0.15; [95% CI = -0.24, 0.53]; p = .46). PES changes during the follow-up, however, were significantly in favour of thick soft tissues (≥2.0 mm) or phenotypes (p = .05). An increased mean mucosal thickness was associated with an increased papilla index (5 studies; MD = 0.5; [95% CI = 0.1, 0.3]; p = .002) and an increase in papilla presence (5 studies; OR = 1.6; [95% CI = 1.0, 2.3]; p = .03). Thin soft tissues were associated with more recession, -0.62 mm (4 studies; [95% CI = -1.06, -0.18]; p = .006). Patient-reported outcome measures (patient satisfaction) were in favour of thick soft tissues -2.33 (6 studies; [95% CI = -4.70, 0.04]; p = .05). However, the quality of evidence was very low in all instances due to the inclusion of non-randomized studies, high risk of bias and residual confounding.
CONCLUSION
Within the limitations of the present study (weak study designs and various soft tissue measurements or time-points), it can be concluded that increased soft tissue thickness at implant sites was associated with more favourable aesthetic outcomes.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Implants; Esthetics; Humans; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35763024
DOI: 10.1111/clr.13789 -
Turk Gogus Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Dergisi Jul 2020This study aims to establish a cut-off value for increases in the esophageal wall thickness measured using computed tomography to differentiate between benign and...
BACKGROUND
This study aims to establish a cut-off value for increases in the esophageal wall thickness measured using computed tomography to differentiate between benign and malignant pathologies.
METHODS
A total of 144 patients (61 males, 83 females; mean age 57.2±12.4 years; range, 24 to 86 years) who underwent thoracic and/or abdominal computed tomography in the radiology clinic between January 2015 and June 2018 for any reason and who were found to have a thickening of the esophageal wall or gastroesophageal junction were retrospectively analyzed. Tomography images were examined by two radiologists who reached consensus on the wall morphology and thickness, anatomic localization, and any accompanying findings regardless of the endoscopy results. Benign and malignant patients were identified from the endoscopy and/or biopsy results. The receiver operating characteristic analysis was carried out to establish a cut-off value for the lesion wall thickness to differentiate between benign and malignant pathologies and to determine a cut-off value for the lesionlevel thickness-normal segment thickness ratio.
RESULTS
A statistically significant difference was found in the wall thicknesses of patients with esophageal cancer and those with benign lesions. According to a cut-off value for wall thickness of 13.5 mm, sensitivity and specificity were found to be 94.3% and 100%, respectively. The lesion-level thickness-normal segment thickness ratio was found to be statistically significant in malignant-benign differentiation, and a significant correlation was found between the asymmetric thickening and malignancy.
CONCLUSION
Increases in the esophageal wall thickness and asymmetry detected on computed tomography can contribute to the early diagnosis of esophageal cancers, particularly in regions endemic to esophageal cancer as in Van province in eastern anatolia region of Turkey. Asymmetric wall thicknesses over 13.5 mm would be highly significant in terms of malignancy in tomographic examinations.
PubMed: 32953212
DOI: 10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2020.19072 -
Translational Vision Science &... Aug 2022The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy, repeatability, and performance limits of in vivo Mirau ultrahigh axial resolution (UHR) line field spectral domain...
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy, repeatability, and performance limits of in vivo Mirau ultrahigh axial resolution (UHR) line field spectral domain (LF-SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the measurement of Bowman's and epithelial thickness, and to provide a reference range of these values for healthy corneas.
METHODS
Volunteers with no history and evidence of corneal disease were included in this study. An in vivo graph search image segmentation of the central cornea was obtained at the normal interface vector orientation. The Mirau-UHR-LF-SD-OCT system used has an axial resolution down to 2.4 µm in air (1.7 µm in tissue), with an A-scan speed of 204.8 kHz and a signal to noise ratio (sensitivity) of 69 (83) dB.
RESULTS
Nine volunteers were included, one of whom wore contact lenses. The repeatability of mean Bowman's and epithelial thicknesses were 0.3 and 1.0 µm, respectively. The measured 95% population range for healthy in vivo thickness was 13.7 to 19.6 µm for the Bowman's layer, and 41.9 to 61.8 µm for the epithelial layer.
CONCLUSIONS
The measured thicknesses of Bowman's layer and the corneal epithelium using the Mirau-UHR-LF-SD-OCT were both accurate, with the range for healthy in vivo thicknesses matching prior confocal and OCT systems of varying axial resolutions, and repeatable, equaling the best value prior reported.
TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE
T1. Development of a commercially viable clinical UHR OCT technology, enabling accurate measurement and interpretation of Bowman's and epithelial layer thickness in clinical practice.
Topics: Bowman Membrane; Contact Lenses; Cornea; Epithelium, Corneal; Humans; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 35930278
DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.8.6