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CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... May 2024
Topics: Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Canada
PubMed: 38802137
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.240415-f -
Vaccine Apr 2023This paper reviews the administration related to vaccination in Japan after the enactment of the Immunization Act in 1948, under which vaccination was implemented... (Review)
Review
This paper reviews the administration related to vaccination in Japan after the enactment of the Immunization Act in 1948, under which vaccination was implemented mandatory for the public. To enhance the effectiveness of vaccination activities, the government implemented group vaccination, which is convenient for vaccinating recipients all at once. In 1976, Japan established the relief system for health damage after vaccination. While some projects, such as the mass administration of live oral polio vaccine in 1961, achieved excellent results, incidents leading to health damage occurred, such as the diphtheria toxoid immunization incident (1948) and frequent occurrence of aseptic meningitis owing to the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (1989). In December 1992, the Tokyo High Court sentenced that the onset of health damage after vaccination could be attributed to the negligence of the national government. In the revision of the Immunization Act in 1994, the "mandatory vaccination" enforced until then was changed to "recommended vaccination." The Act was also changed to recommend "individual vaccination" in principle, which is performed after primary care physicians investigate the physical condition of individual recipients and carefully conduct preliminary examination. For approximately 20 years from the 1990s, a vaccine gap existed between Japan and other countries. From around 2010, efforts have been made to bridge this gap and establish the global standard in vaccination.
Topics: Humans; Japan; Rubella Vaccine; Vaccination; Mumps Vaccine; Measles Vaccine; Measles; Mumps; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Rubella
PubMed: 36933981
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.020 -
Vaccine Jan 20181. Measles eradication is the ultimate goal but it is premature to set a date for its accomplishment. Existing regional elimination goals should be vigorously pursued to... (Review)
Review
1. Measles eradication is the ultimate goal but it is premature to set a date for its accomplishment. Existing regional elimination goals should be vigorously pursued to enable setting a global target by 2020. 2. The basic strategic approaches articulated in the Global Measles and Rubella Strategic Plan 2012-2020 are valid to achieve the goals but have not been fully implemented (or not appropriately adapted to local situations). 3. The report recommends a shift from primary reliance on supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) to assure two doses of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) are delivered to the target population to primary reliance on ongoing services to assure administration of two doses of MCV. Regular high quality SIAs will still be necessary while ongoing services are being strengthened. 4. The report recommends a shift from primary reliance on coverage to measure progress to incorporating disease incidence as a major indicator. 5. The report recommends that the measles/rubella vaccination program be considered an indicator for the quality of the overall immunization program and that measles/rubella incidence and measles and rubella vaccination coverage be considered as primary indicators of immunization program performance. 6. Polio transition presents both risks and opportunities: risks should be minimized and opportunities maximized. 7. A school entry immunization check could contribute significantly to strengthening overall immunization services with assurance that recommended doses of measles and rubella vaccines as well as other vaccines have been delivered and providing those vaccines at that time if the child is un- or under-vaccinated. 8. Program decisions should increasingly be based on good quality data and appropriate analysis. 9. The incorporation of rubella vaccination into the immunization program needs to be accelerated - it should be accorded equivalent emphasis as measles. 10. Outbreak investigation and response are critical but the most important thing is to prevent outbreaks.
Topics: Disease Eradication; Global Health; Health Planning; History, 21st Century; Humans; Immunization Programs; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Prevalence; Rubella; Rubella Vaccine
PubMed: 29307367
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.026 -
Vaccine Dec 2014Tremendous progress has been made globally to reduce the contribution of measles to the burden of childhood deaths and measles cases have dramatically decreased with... (Review)
Review
Tremendous progress has been made globally to reduce the contribution of measles to the burden of childhood deaths and measles cases have dramatically decreased with increased two dose measles-containing vaccine coverage. As a result the Global Vaccine Action Plan, endorsed by the World Health Assembly, has targeted measles elimination in at least five of the six World Health Organisation Regions by 2020. This is an ambitious goal, since measles control requires the highest immunisation coverage of any vaccine preventable disease, which means that the health system must be able to reach every community. Further, while measles remains endemic in any country, importations will result in local transmission and outbreaks in countries and Regions that have interrupted local endemic measles circulation. One of the lines of evidence that countries and Regions must address to confirm measles elimination is a detailed description of measles epidemiology over an extended period. This information is incredibly valuable as predictable epidemiological patterns emerge as measles elimination is approached and achieved. These critical features, including the source, size and duration of outbreaks, the seasonality and age-distribution of cases, genotyping pointers and effective reproduction rate estimates, are discussed with illustrative examples from the Region of the Americas, which eliminated measles in 2002, and the Western Pacific Region, which has established a Regional Verification Commission to review progress towards elimination in all member countries.
Topics: Communicable Disease Control; Disease Eradication; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine
PubMed: 25444814
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.10.061 -
The Lancet. Public Health May 2024
Topics: Humans; Measles; Prisons; Jails; Measles Vaccine; Prisoners
PubMed: 38614107
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(24)00074-4 -
EMBO Molecular Medicine May 2018This year is the 50 anniversary of the reduction in measles in the USA, following introduction of general vaccination, but also the 20 anniversary of a now retracted...
This year is the 50 anniversary of the reduction in measles in the USA, following introduction of general vaccination, but also the 20 anniversary of a now retracted research paper that suggested a link between the measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccination and autism, which contributed to falling vaccination rates and re‐emergence of measles cases globally.
Topics: Anniversaries and Special Events; Autistic Disorder; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; United States; Vaccination
PubMed: 29685959
DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809176 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2017Measles, a highly infectious viral disease is the next target for eradication following poliovirus. Decades of experience with highly effective vaccination has... (Review)
Review
Measles, a highly infectious viral disease is the next target for eradication following poliovirus. Decades of experience with highly effective vaccination has invigorated us to take on this virus. The task is not only Titanic but is laced with intricate issues. Recently, an outbreak of fever with rash occurred on a tertiary care teaching hospital campus and was confirmed serologically as measles outbreak by IgMELISA. Therefore, we searched the literature related to outbreaks, transmission of the measles virus, age groups involved, vaccination strategies, vaccination failure and epidemiological features of the disease and reviewed the possible reasons for such outbreaks and problems in the global eradication of the virus.
Topics: Age Distribution; Disease Eradication; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Global Health; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28303812
DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_16_233 -
Expert Review of Vaccines Jan 2019Repeated measles outbreaks in countries with relatively high vaccine coverage are mainly due to failure to vaccinate and importation; however, cases in immunized... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Repeated measles outbreaks in countries with relatively high vaccine coverage are mainly due to failure to vaccinate and importation; however, cases in immunized individuals exist raising questions about suboptimal measles vaccine-induced humoral immunity and/or waning immunity in a low measles-exposure environment.
AREAS COVERED
The plaque reduction neutralization measurement of functional measles-specific antibodies correlates with protection is the gold standard in measles serology, but it does not assess cellular-immune or other parameters that may be associated with durable and/or protective immunity after vaccination. Additional correlates of protection and long-term immunity and new determinants/signatures of vaccine responsiveness such as specific CD46 and IFI44L genetic variants associated with neutralizing antibody titers after measles vaccination are under investigation. Current and future systems biology studies, coupled with new technology/assays and analytical approaches, will lead to an increasingly sophisticated understanding of measles vaccine-induced humoral immunity and will identify 'signatures' of protective and durable immune responses.
EXPERT OPINION
This will translate into the development of highly predictive assays of measles vaccine efficacy, effectiveness, and durability for prospective identification of potential low/non-responders and susceptible individuals who require additional vaccine doses. Such new advances may drive insights into the development of new/improved vaccine formulations and delivery systems.
Topics: Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Immunity, Humoral; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Vaccination; Vaccination Coverage
PubMed: 30585753
DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1559063 -
Trends in Molecular Medicine Dec 2015Despite the existence of an effective measles vaccine, resurgence in measles cases in the USA and across Europe has occurred, including in individuals vaccinated with... (Review)
Review
Despite the existence of an effective measles vaccine, resurgence in measles cases in the USA and across Europe has occurred, including in individuals vaccinated with two doses of the vaccine. Host genetic factors result in inter-individual variation in measles vaccine-induced antibodies, and play a role in vaccine failure. Studies have identified HLA (human leukocyte antigen) and non-HLA genetic influences that individually or jointly contribute to the observed variability in the humoral response to vaccination among healthy individuals. In this exciting era, new high-dimensional approaches and techniques including vaccinomics, systems biology, GWAS, epitope prediction and sophisticated bioinformatics/statistical algorithms provide powerful tools to investigate immune response mechanisms to the measles vaccine. These might predict, on an individual basis, outcomes of acquired immunity post measles vaccination.
Topics: Developed Countries; Genetic Association Studies; HLA Antigens; Humans; Immunity, Humoral; Measles Vaccine; Vaccination
PubMed: 26602762
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.10.005 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Dec 1968
Clinical Trial
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Measles Vaccine; Species Specificity
PubMed: 4883147
DOI: 10.1136/adc.43.232.745-a