-
JGH Open : An Open Access Journal of... Feb 2019Acute pancreatitis in its severe form may lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multisystem organ dysfunction. Acute lung injury is an important cause of... (Review)
Review
Acute pancreatitis in its severe form may lead to systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multisystem organ dysfunction. Acute lung injury is an important cause of mortality in the setting of severe acute pancreatitis. Besides lung involvement, acute and chronic pancreatitis may also lead to the involvement of other thoracic compartments, including mediastinum, pleura, and vascular structures. These manifestations are an important cause of morbidity and may pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. These manifestations have not been discussed in detail in the available literature. In this review, we discuss the thoracic complications of pancreatitis, including lung, pleural, mediastinal, and vascular manifestations.
PubMed: 30834344
DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12099 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Mar 2010Not uncommonly, a surgical pathologist will be requested to review excised material, with a clinical diagnosis of cancer, in which no malignancy can be identified.... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Not uncommonly, a surgical pathologist will be requested to review excised material, with a clinical diagnosis of cancer, in which no malignancy can be identified. Often, sampling may be the issue. However, different nonneoplastic processes may mimic cancer clinically and not be recognized histologically. These are commonly referred to as pseudoneoplasms and can involve the lung, pleura, and mediastinum.
OBJECTIVE
To review the most commonly encountered pseudoneoplasms of the thoracic cavity in surgical pathology and discuss the main differential diagnosis.
DATA SOURCES
Literature and personal review of cases with focus on inflammatory pseudotumors of the lung, organizing pneumonia, nodular lymphoid hyperplasia, apical cap, round atelectasis, and sclerosing mediastinitis with its pulmonary counterpart, hyalinizing granuloma.
CONCLUSIONS
When reviewing specimens that appear nondiagnostic for malignancy, it is important to consider one of these pseudoneoplasms in the differential diagnosis as they may explain the clinical and radiologic information.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Granuloma, Plasma Cell; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lung Neoplasms; Male
PubMed: 20196669
DOI: 10.5858/134.3.417 -
The Medical Journal of Malaysia Mar 2021Sarcoidosis is a chronic, multisystem disorder. A 38 years old lady presented at Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu ,Malaysia with cough and breathless for 2...
Sarcoidosis is a chronic, multisystem disorder. A 38 years old lady presented at Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu ,Malaysia with cough and breathless for 2 months and constitutional symptoms of weight loss and loss of appetite. She was initially treated as smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis for 5 months. However, her clinical condition deteriorated with worsening New York Heart Association (NYHA) class 1 to class 3. Subsequently, workout of computed tomography( CT) thorax showed multiple perilymphatic distribution of nodules and multiple mediastinal lymphadenopathy coupled with pleura biopsy showed non caseating granuloma and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with positive late gadolinium enhancement revised the diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis with cardiac involvement. Patient's functional status and cough improved with immunosuppresant was given in tapering dose fashion.
Topics: Adult; Contrast Media; Female; Gadolinium; Humans; Sarcoidosis; Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33742636
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Emergency... Dec 2015A sudden onset of chest pain, which often reflects a life-threatening disease, requires prompt diagnosis in the emergency department.
BACKGROUND
A sudden onset of chest pain, which often reflects a life-threatening disease, requires prompt diagnosis in the emergency department.
FINDINGS
A 12-year-old boy presented with sustained chest pain and dyspnea after diving into a swimming pool and was transferred to our emergency department. A chest examination noted a crunching and rasping sound at the precordium, synchronous with the heartbeat. Chest radiography showed lucent streaks and the mediastinal pleura at the left cardiac outline. Additionally, computed tomography showed massive pneumomediastinum surrounding the heart. Thus, he was diagnosed with spontaneous pneumomediastinum.
CONCLUSIONS
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain. In addition to medical history-taking, careful physical examination, which can identify the characteristic finding of a friction sound synchronous with the heartbeat (Hamman's sound), will help in the immediate diagnosis of spontaneous pneumomediastinum.
PubMed: 26620306
DOI: 10.1186/s12245-015-0089-9 -
Journal of Thoracic Disease Dec 2020The appropriate therapy and prognosis of patients with thymic malignancies is decisively influenced by the local extent and dissemination of the tumor. For this reason,... (Review)
Review
The appropriate therapy and prognosis of patients with thymic malignancies is decisively influenced by the local extent and dissemination of the tumor. For this reason, a staging system that reflects these factors is essential. Mainly the Masaoka-Koga classification, which was introduced in 1994, has been applied for this purpose. The rarity of thymic malignancies makes it difficult not only to establish internationally standardized diagnostics and treatment, but also to progress staging. Besides, efforts were made to adapt the classification into a tumor-node-metastasis-based (TNM) system for standardization with the staging of other tumor entities. The 2017 published 8th edition of the TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors introduced several adjustments based on a proposal of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) and the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group (ITMIG). Compared to the Masaoka-Koga classification, surgically good resectable tumor involvements like pericardium, mediastinal fat or mediastinal pleura have been shifted to lower stages. Thus, even more than in Masaoka-Koga classification, tumors are basically divided into completely resectable and thus surgically treatable tumors (stage I, II, IIIA) and advanced stages (stage IIIB, IVA and IVB) that require multimodal therapy.
PubMed: 33447451
DOI: 10.21037/jtd-2019-thym-01 -
Nagoya Journal of Medical Science May 2020Thoracic surgery has evolved drastically in recent years. Although thoracic surgeons mainly deal with tumorous lesion in the lungs, mediastinum, and pleura, they also... (Review)
Review
Thoracic surgery has evolved drastically in recent years. Although thoracic surgeons mainly deal with tumorous lesion in the lungs, mediastinum, and pleura, they also perform lung transplantation surgery in patients with end-stage lung disease. Herein, we introduce various major current topics in thoracic surgery. Minimally invasive surgical procedures include robot-assisted thoracic surgery and uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery. Novel techniques for sublobar resection include virtual-assisted lung mapping, image-guided video-assisted thoracic surgery, and segmentectomy using indocyanine green. Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) simulation consists of surgeon-friendly 3D-CT image analysis systems and new-generation, dynamic 3D-CT imaging systems. Updates in cadaveric lung transplantation include use of marginal donors, including donation after circulatory death, and lung perfusion for such donors. Topics in living donor lobar lung transplantation include size matching, donor issues, and new surgical techniques. During routine clinical practice, thoracic surgeons encounter various pivotal topics related to thoracic surgery, which are described in this report.
Topics: Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Living Donors; Lung Neoplasms; Lung Transplantation; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Organ Preservation; Pleural Neoplasms; Pneumonectomy; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Surgery, Computer-Assisted; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; Thoracic Surgical Procedures; Tissue and Organ Procurement; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32581397
DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.82.2.161 -
Turk Gogus Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Dergisi Jan 2024Pneumothorax is a condition that describes the presence of air between the visceral and parietal pleura sheets and the consequent collapse of the lungs. The collapse of... (Review)
Review
Pneumothorax is a condition that describes the presence of air between the visceral and parietal pleura sheets and the consequent collapse of the lungs. The collapse of the lungs can be partial or total and can present in different clinical stages, such as a high-pressure pneumothorax that can cause a mediastinal shift. Pneumomediastinum is the presence of free air between the mediastinal tissues due to various causes. It can manifest spontaneously and be minimally symptomatic but can also develop due to severe complications. Its etiology includes numerous iatrogenic and traumatic factors. Although spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum that develop in childhood are similar to adult patients, it is important to determine the appropriate treatment strategy in addition to the age group, the effectiveness of the treatment, the role of the applied treatment in reducing recurrence, and the etiologyoriented treatments if there is an underlying pathology.
PubMed: 38584791
DOI: 10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2024.25755