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Medical History Apr 1981
Topics: Germany; Greece; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, Ancient; Humans; Philosophy, Medical
PubMed: 7012478
DOI: 10.1017/s0025727300034347 -
Medical History Apr 2012The physician and sexologist Albert Moll, from Berlin, was one of the main protagonists within the German discourse on the opportunities and dangers of social...
The physician and sexologist Albert Moll, from Berlin, was one of the main protagonists within the German discourse on the opportunities and dangers of social engineering, by eugenic interventions into human life in general, as well as into reproductive hygiene and healthcare policy in particular. One of the main sexological topics that were discussed intensively during the late-Wilhelminian German Reich and the Weimar Republic was the question of the legalisation of voluntary and compulsory sterilisations on the basis of medical, social, eugenic, economic or criminological indications. As is clear from Moll's conservative principles of medical ethics, and his conviction that the genetic knowledge required for eugenically indicated sterilisations was not yet sufficiently elaborated, he had doubts and worries about colleagues who were exceedingly zealous about these surgical sterilisations--especially Gustav Boeters from Saxony.
Topics: Dissent and Disputes; Ethics, Medical; Eugenics; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Germany; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Sterilization, Reproductive
PubMed: 23002295
DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2011.35 -
Medical History Jul 1973
Topics: Education, Medical; England; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, Medieval; Schools, Medical
PubMed: 4595541
DOI: 10.1017/s0025727300018706 -
Medical History Jan 1967
Topics: Eponyms; Faculty, Medical; History, 19th Century; Switzerland; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 5341041
DOI: 10.1017/s0025727300011790 -
Medical History Jan 2015Through the biographies of a dynasty of practitioners who were active in some of the mountainous villages of the Venetian Terraferma the article brings to light unknown...
Through the biographies of a dynasty of practitioners who were active in some of the mountainous villages of the Venetian Terraferma the article brings to light unknown aspects of the professional world of surgeons. Their activities were profoundly influenced by the economic and geographic peculiarities of the territory where they lived and worked. Provincial towns and their territories offered professional opportunities both to licensed and to non-university trained practitioners. However, it was generally in small villages, especially those situated in border areas and part of the main commercial networks, that surgeons preferred to establish their practices, thus supplementing the medical services supplied by the town. Normally their knowledge was largely empirical and was transmitted from father to son. The apprenticeship-based training does not appear alternative to the academic education typical of learned practitioners: much evidence points to the existence of 'scientific autodidacts', self-taught practitioners who possessed and read medical texts or had attended academic courses, even if only in part. Practising surgery in this area was a highly mobile activity, stretching from the village to the neighbouring valleys, and even to areas outside the boundaries of the city and across the border of the Venetian state. Surgeons, furthermore, were able to transfer their skills and knowledge across a range of different occupations such as shoemakers, leather workers and tailors, a fact that confirms their close ties with the local artisan milieu.
Topics: Barber Surgeons; Education, Medical; General Surgery; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; Humans; Italy; Licensure, Medical; Surgeons
PubMed: 25498439
DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2014.72 -
Medical History Jul 1994
Topics: Anatomy; Animals; History, 16th Century; Humans; Hyoid Bone; Larynx; Manuscripts, Medical as Topic; Translating
PubMed: 7934320
DOI: 10.1017/s0025727300036619 -
Medical History Apr 2019Prenatal diagnosis (PND) was introduced in France in the 1970s on the initiative of medical researchers and clinicians. For many years the regulation of practices was...
Prenatal diagnosis (PND) was introduced in France in the 1970s on the initiative of medical researchers and clinicians. For many years the regulation of practices was self-imposed, decentralised and idiosyncratic. The advent of 'therapeutic modernity' in the 1990s gave rise to an ethical, legal and scientific framework designed to homogenise PND at a national level, with the creation of multidisciplinary centres (CPDPN) and the Agence de la biomédecine. This article first recovers the history of PND in France. It then compares the activities of two CPDPNs, using ethnographic fieldwork and by analysing national quantitative data compiled by the Agence. It argues that the official policy of nationally homogeneous practices is not born out in practice, at the local level. This lack of homogeneity is most apparent in the number of authorisations for pregnancy termination due to foetal malformation, which varies considerably from one centre to another. Rooted in local culture, this variation relates to organisational methods, decision-making processes and variable levels of tolerance towards the risk of disability. Foetal medicine practitioners, thus, maintain a certain amount of autonomy that is collective rather than individual and that is reflected in the particular 'identity' of a given centre.
Topics: Abortion, Therapeutic; Female; France; Government Regulation; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Legislation, Medical; Pregnancy; Prenatal Diagnosis; Professional Autonomy
PubMed: 30912502
DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2019.7 -
Medical History Jan 2017How death should be measured was a subject of intense debate during the late 1960s, and one in which transplant surgeons had a particular interest. Legislation required...
How death should be measured was a subject of intense debate during the late 1960s, and one in which transplant surgeons had a particular interest. Legislation required a doctor to first pronounce 'extinct' the patients from whom 'spare parts' were sought for grafting. But transplant surgeons increasingly argued the moment of death was less important than was the moment of establishing that a patient was beyond the point of no return in dying, at which time she or he should be passed to the transplant team. This raised concerns that people identified as being a potential source of organs might not be adequately cared for in their own right. In 1968 the World Medical Association issued an international statement on death at its meeting in Sydney, Australia following a debate between delegates about how and by whom death should be assessed prior to organ removal. Soon afterwards Australian surgeons performed two of the one hundred and five heart transplants carried out around the world that year, dubbed by the New York Times to be one during which an 'international epidemic' of such grafts were carried out. This essay examines debates about death and transplanting, then analyses the pioneering Australian heart transplants, in the context of the Declaration of Sydney and continuing international discussions about whether these operations were moral and legal.
Topics: Australia; Brain Death; Death; Ethics, Medical; Heart Transplantation; History, 20th Century; Humans
PubMed: 27998333
DOI: 10.1017/mdh.2016.103 -
Medical History. Supplement 2008
Review
Topics: Animals; Arthropod Vectors; Europe; History, Medieval; Humans; Pandemics; Plague; Siphonaptera; Terminology as Topic; Yersinia pestis
PubMed: 18575083
DOI: No ID Found -
Medical History Jul 1988
Topics: Art; Dwarfism; Egypt, Ancient; Greece, Ancient; History, Ancient; Humans; Medicine in the Arts; Rome; Sculpture
PubMed: 3063904
DOI: 10.1017/s0025727300048237