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PLoS Medicine Jun 2020
Topics: Betacoronavirus; Biomedical Research; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32603323
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003266 -
Forensic Science International Sep 2022Counterfeit, fake, adulterated or falsified drugs and pharmaceuticals, could be branded or generic drugs, excipients and active substances (in drugs and vaccines),... (Review)
Review
Counterfeit, fake, adulterated or falsified drugs and pharmaceuticals, could be branded or generic drugs, excipients and active substances (in drugs and vaccines), medical supplies and devices, etc, intended to pass as the original. Counterfeits are always inferior in terms of quality, safety and efficacy compared to the original pharmaceuticals, and subsequently, they pose an unpredictable risk to public health and lead to loss of confidence in medicines, healthcare providers, and health systems. In the decades before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, a constant trend of increased trafficking was reported. However, the pandemic created a combination of public health emergency, economic distress, and misinformation-driven panic that made problematic the access and supply of high quality essential medicines and health products, and pushed consumers and vendors even more towards counterfeit pharmaceuticals. This contribution aims to review the trends in counterfeit drugs and pharmaceuticals trafficking, the health impact of their use, as well as, measures and actions implemented to restrict their proliferation, before and during COVID-19 pandemic; the relative recommendations, the expressed perspectives and the existing limitations are thoroughly discussed.
Topics: COVID-19; Counterfeit Drugs; Humans; Pandemics; Public Health
PubMed: 35882074
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111382 -
Cancer Treatment and Research 2019The development of high-throughput, data-intensive biomedical research assays and technologies has created a need for researchers to develop strategies for analyzing,...
The development of high-throughput, data-intensive biomedical research assays and technologies has created a need for researchers to develop strategies for analyzing, integrating, and interpreting the massive amounts of data they generate. Although a wide variety of statistical methods have been designed to accommodate 'big data,' experiences with the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques suggest that they might be particularly appropriate. In addition, the results of the application of these assays reveal a great heterogeneity in the pathophysiologic factors and processes that contribute to disease, suggesting that there is a need to tailor, or 'personalize,' medicines to the nuanced and often unique features possessed by individual patients. Given how important data-intensive assays are to revealing appropriate intervention targets and strategies for treating an individual with a disease, AI can play an important role in the development of personalized medicines. We describe many areas where AI can play such a role and argue that AI's ability to advance personalized medicine will depend critically on not only the refinement of relevant assays, but also on ways of storing, aggregating, accessing, and ultimately integrating, the data they produce. We also point out the limitations of many AI techniques in developing personalized medicines as well as consider areas for further research.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Humans; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 31209850
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16391-4_11 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Nov 1994
Topics: Humans; Medicine; Physician-Patient Relations; Professional Practice; Social Values
PubMed: 7888834
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.309.6964.1247 -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... Mar 2019
Topics: Brazil; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Phytotherapy; Plants, Medicinal; Public Health
PubMed: 30994823
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.3.292 -
British Journal of Hospital Medicine... Nov 2022Medicine research and development has been instrumental in improving outcomes for countless individuals, but women, especially pregnant women, have been left behind....
Medicine research and development has been instrumental in improving outcomes for countless individuals, but women, especially pregnant women, have been left behind. Disadvantaged during pregnancy as a result of apprehension over drug use for new or existing conditions, women face worse outcomes for under- or untreated disease. Solving this problem will require input from regulators, the pharmaceutical industry and clinicians.
Topics: Pregnancy; Child; Female; Humans; Fear; Drug Industry; Medicine
PubMed: 36454072
DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2022.0312 -
Lakartidningen Apr 2023Overdiagnosis and overtreatment receive increasing attention. More than 20 percent of health expenditure is without patient benefit, so-called low-value care. Several...
Overdiagnosis and overtreatment receive increasing attention. More than 20 percent of health expenditure is without patient benefit, so-called low-value care. Several national and international initiatives have been launched to minimize low-value care. Arguably, the most widely spread initiative is Choosing Wisely. First launched by the American Board of Internal Medicine in 2012, this campaign has spread to more than 20 countries. The Swedish Society of Medicine has identified low-value care as a significant problem in Swedish health care and has established a working group to investigate if and how a campaign based on Choosing Wisely would be feasible in Sweden. Here, the working group reports on the history of Choosing Wisely, identifies potential challenges for deimplementation generally and in the Swedish context specifically.
Topics: Humans; United States; Sweden; Internal Medicine; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 37057979
DOI: No ID Found -
AMA Journal of Ethics Mar 2022Medical education is limited to the biomedical model, omitting critical discourse about racism, the harm it causes minoritized patients, and medicine's foundation and...
Medical education is limited to the biomedical model, omitting critical discourse about racism, the harm it causes minoritized patients, and medicine's foundation and complicity in perpetuating racism. Against a backdrop of historical resistance from medical education leadership, medical students' advocacy for antiracism in medicine continues. This article highlights a medical student-led antiracist curricular effort that moves beyond a biomedical model and uses abolition as the guiding framework in the creation process, the content itself, and iterative reflection through further study and dissemination.
Topics: Education, Medical; Humans; Leadership; Medicine; Racism; Students, Medical
PubMed: 35325520
DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2022.194 -
Journal of the American Medical... Jul 2016Precision medicine approaches disease treatment and prevention by taking patients' individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle into account. Although the...
Precision medicine approaches disease treatment and prevention by taking patients' individual variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle into account. Although the ideas underlying precision medicine are not new, opportunities for its more widespread use in practice have been enhanced by the development of large-scale databases, new methods for categorizing and representing patients, and computational tools for analyzing large datasets. New research methods may create uncertainty for both healthcare professionals and patients. In such situations, frameworks that address ethical, legal, and social challenges can be instrumental for facilitating trust between patients and providers, but must protect patients while not stifling progress or overburdening healthcare professionals. In this perspective, we outline several ethical, legal, and social issues related to the Precision Medicine Initiative's proposed changes to current institutions, values, and frameworks. This piece is not an exhaustive overview, but is intended to highlight areas meriting further study and action, so that precision medicine's goal of facilitating systematic learning and research at the point of care does not overshadow healthcare's goal of providing care to patients.
Topics: Confidentiality; Health Personnel; Humans; Informed Consent; Patient Participation; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 26977101
DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocv215 -
Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2020Current literature records a glaring discrepancy between the rapid developments and progress of medicine and the simultaneous deterioration of the quality and safety of... (Review)
Review
Current literature records a glaring discrepancy between the rapid developments and progress of medicine and the simultaneous deterioration of the quality and safety of the provided health care services. Bibliographic data as far as perceptions of quality and safety in nuclear medicine departments are concerned, are limited and frequently ambiguous. Most nuclear medicine departments provide the same types of services, but not the same quality of service, while patients' perceptions are not always matched by the perceptions of health care providers. The multidimensional nature of quality and safety, deriving from the different criteria and standards by which different groups of the population attempt to interpret and evaluate them, justifies these discrepancies, over most of quality's and safety's dimensions studied. Nuclear medicine's unique characteristic of using radiopharmaceuticals, exposing to ionizing radiation affects dramatically these perceptions, irrespective of whether quality and safety assurance measures already cover radiation protection, instrumentation maintenance, radiopharmaceutical handling, and the management of all the other aspects of patient care. On the other end of the spectrum, patient-centred practice, communication and proper information play as a well decisive role in ensuring patients' satisfaction.
Topics: Humans; Nuclear Medicine; Quality Control; Safety
PubMed: 32361717
DOI: 10.1967/s002449912016