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European Review For Medical and... Dec 2022PSMD9 is a ubiquitous protein present at high concentrations in eukaryotic cells. It contributes to the degradation of intracellular proteins in the immune system. It is...
OBJECTIVE
PSMD9 is a ubiquitous protein present at high concentrations in eukaryotic cells. It contributes to the degradation of intracellular proteins in the immune system. It is part of the 26S proteasome complex, and its regulatory role on proteasomal activity as well as its effect on genetic transcription have been recognized. PSMD9 has been related with insulin secretion, and it regulates the ligand-dependent retinoid-target genes transcription. Importantly, PSMD9 rs74421874 (IVS3+nt460-G>A), rs3825172 (IVS3+nt437-C>T), and rs14259 SNPs have been previously linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D), maturity-onset diabetes of the young 3 (MODY3), overweight status and waist circumference, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, microvascular disease (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy), carpal tunnel syndrome, depression, anxiety, insomnia, and sleep hours.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this study, we analyzed the above-mentioned PSMD9 rs74421874 (IVS3+nt460-G>A), rs3825172 (IVS3+nt437-C>T), and rs14259 SNPs for linkage to the T2D quantitative traits of T2D age of onset, duration in years of combined oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin therapy and only insulin therapy, stress, and the birth weight of the subjects' children; and with the T2D qualitative phenotypes of irregular menses, couple infertility, and menopausal hot flashes.
RESULTS
We found that PSMD9 was linked to irregular menses of reproductive age, menopausal hot flashes, T2D age of onset, years of combined oral and insulin therapy and of insulin therapy; we also found that it shows only a tendency towards linkage to stress, birthweight, and couple infertility.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first time that this gene is implicated with irregular menses of reproductive age (a trait of polycystic ovarian syndrome), hot flashes, T2D onset age, and duration years of combined oral and insulin therapy and only insulin therapies.
Topics: Humans; Age of Onset; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hot Flashes; Infertility; Insulin; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
PubMed: 36524506
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202212_30559 -
Przeglad Menopauzalny = Menopause Review Dec 2017Uterine fibroids are considered to be the most frequently occurring tumours in females. The majority of fibroids do not require any treatment. When symptomatic, the... (Review)
Review
Uterine fibroids are considered to be the most frequently occurring tumours in females. The majority of fibroids do not require any treatment. When symptomatic, the major ailments include abnormal uterine bleeding, painful menstruation, pelvic pressure or pain, urinary problems, constipation, infertility, and recurrent pregnancy loss. Surgery remains a mainstay of symptomatic uterine fibroids therapy; however, minimally-invasive techniques and pharmacological management have become more available. The levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is a T-shaped device with a vertical stem containing a reservoir of levonorgestrel and is widely known for its contraception effect. Moreover, the non-contraceptive benefits of the LNG-IUS have been previously confirmed by numerous studies. LNG-IUS causes reduction of the duration and the amount of menstrual bleeding, with minimal side effects due to release of hormones at the targeted organ. Currently, results from systematic reviews show that LNG-IUS may be an effective and safe treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids in premenopausal women. However, further studies are required to consolidate the usage of LNG-IUS in the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids.
PubMed: 29483855
DOI: 10.5114/pm.2017.72758 -
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology... Jan 2022Sleep is vital to human bodily function. Growing evidence indicates that sleep deprivation, disruption, dysrhythmia, and disorders are associated with impaired... (Review)
Review
Sleep is vital to human bodily function. Growing evidence indicates that sleep deprivation, disruption, dysrhythmia, and disorders are associated with impaired reproductive function and poor clinical outcomes in women. These associations are largely mediated by molecular-genetic and hormonal pathways, which are crucial for the complex and time sensitive processes of hormone synthesis/secretion, folliculogenesis, ovulation, fertilization, implantation, and menstruation. Pathologic sleep patterns are closely linked to menstrual irregularity, polycystic ovarian syndrome, premature ovarian insufficiency, sub/infertility, and early pregnancy loss. Measures of success with assisted reproductive technology are also lower among women who engage in shift work, or experience sleep disruption or short sleep duration. Extremes of sleep duration, poor sleep quality, sleep disordered breathing, and shift work are also associated with several harmful conditions in pregnancy, including gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders. While accumulating evidence implicates pathologic sleep patterns in impaired reproductive function and poor reproductive outcomes, additional research is needed to determine causality and propose therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pregnancy; Prognosis; Reproduction; Risk Factors; Sleep; Sleep Quality
PubMed: 35042515
DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00889-3 -
Clinical Endocrinology Mar 2018Women with type 1 diabetes have increased risk of infertility compared to women without diabetes even after adjustment for irregular menses, but aetiologies are... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
Women with type 1 diabetes have increased risk of infertility compared to women without diabetes even after adjustment for irregular menses, but aetiologies are incompletely understood. Our aim was to examine the prevalence of abnormalities in ovarian markers consistent with polycystic ovary syndrome in women with type 1 diabetes and associations with irregular menses and diabetes-specific variables.
DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS
We conducted a secondary analysis of women in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (DCCT/EDIC), a randomized trial and observational follow-up of intensive insulin therapy for type 1 diabetes. We included women with anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) measurements among women not using oral contraceptives (n = 187). Initial AMH and testosterone measures were performed between EDIC years 1 and 4. History of irregular menses was assessed annually.
RESULTS
The median age of women was 35 (interquartile ratio 29, 40) years; 133 (35%) had elevated AMH and 62 (17%) reported irregular menses. Twelve per cent of women had relative elevations in total testosterone. In multivariable models, lower insulin dosages were associated with higher AMH concentrations (P = .0027), but not diabetes duration, glycemic control, body mass index or irregular menses. Neither irregular menses nor diabetes-specific variables were associated with testosterone concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS
Among women with type 1 diabetes in their thirties, abnormalities in ovarian markers are common and not associated with irregular menses and thus may partially account for decreased fecundity in women with type 1 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Mullerian Hormone; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infertility, Female; Insulin; Menstruation Disturbances; Ovary; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 29314138
DOI: 10.1111/cen.13546 -
RMD Open 2019Decreased mineral density is one of the major complications of anorexia nervosa. The phenomenon is even more pronounced when the disease occurs during adolescence and... (Review)
Review
Decreased mineral density is one of the major complications of anorexia nervosa. The phenomenon is even more pronounced when the disease occurs during adolescence and when the duration of amenorrhoea is long. The mechanisms underlying bone loss in anorexia are complex. Oestrogen deficiency has long been considered as the main factor, but cannot explain the phenomenon on its own. The essential role of nutrition-related factors-especially leptin and adiponectin-has been reported in recent studies. Therapeutic strategies to mitigate bone involvement in anorexia are still a matter for debate. Although resumption of menses and weight recovery appear to be essential, they are not always accompanied by a total reversal of bone loss. There are no studies in the literature demonstrating that oestrogen treatment is effective, and the best results seem to have been obtained with agents that induce bone formation-such as IGF-1-especially when associated with oestrogen. As such, bone management in anorexia remains difficult, hence, the importance of early detection and multidisciplinary follow-up.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adiponectin; Amenorrhea; Anorexia Nervosa; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Estrogens; Exercise; Female; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Leptin; Lipolysis; Osteoporosis; Recombinant Proteins; Treatment Outcome; Weight Gain
PubMed: 31798952
DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2019-001009 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jul 2021: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of both physical activity, such as running and dancing, and the personal characteristics of the studied women on the...
: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of both physical activity, such as running and dancing, and the personal characteristics of the studied women on the occurrence and progression of premenstrual disorder (PMD). : We surveyed 414 women aged 22-48 who were experiencing the menstrual cycle but not using hormonal contraception. There were two physically active groups, runners ( = 215) and Argentine tango dancers ( = 94), and there was one group not undertaking any physical activity-the control group ( = 104). The research was conducted using the researchers' own questionnaire. : The number of days of PMD symptoms in the tango vs. runner vs. control groups are as follows: pre-bleeding (mean: 4.14 vs. 4.86 vs. 4.85; = 0.024), after the onset of bleeding (mean: 1.76 vs. 2.39 vs. 2.16; = 0.001), and in total (mean: 5.94 vs. 7.25 vs. 7.01; < 0.001). The regression analysis results without grouping results are as follows: the number of days of symptoms before bleeding and menarche (B: -0.16; 95% CIs: from -0.29 to -0.04; = 0.011), the total duration of symptoms and menarche (B: -0.17; 95% CIs: from -0.32 to -0.01; = 0.036), lower abdominal pain and age (B: -0.05; 95% CIs: 0.92-0.98; = 0.002), diarrhoea (B: -0.08; 95% CIs: 0.88-0.97; < 0.001), tearfulness, depressive states and age (B: -0.06; 95% CIs: 0.91-0.97; < 0.001), skin problems and age (B: -0.05; 95% CIs: 0.92-0.98; = 0.004), joint pain and age (B: -0.09; 95% CIs: 0.86-0.96; = 0.001), pain in the lumbar spine (B: -0.06, 95% CIs: 0.91-0.98; = 0.001), water retention and BMI (B: 0.09; 95% CIs: 0.92-0.98; = 0.007), and water retention and menarche (B: -0.19; 95% CIs: 0.73-0.94; = 0.003). : generally there is one regression model, we have several here, we have a bit the description. : Physical activity such as dancing (tango) shortens the duration of PMD symptoms but does not completely eliminate them. Running does not have as beneficial an effect on symptom relief as dancing. Current age, age when menstruation began (menarche), and BMI were revealed to be important factors influencing the symptoms of premenstrual disorders.
Topics: Female; Humans; Menarche; Menstrual Cycle; Menstruation; Menstruation Disturbances; Premenstrual Syndrome; Running
PubMed: 34360242
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157946 -
LGBT Health Apr 2023This descriptive study aimed to assess the characteristics of pelvic pain and explore predictive factors for pelvic pain in transgender (trans) individuals using...
This descriptive study aimed to assess the characteristics of pelvic pain and explore predictive factors for pelvic pain in transgender (trans) individuals using testosterone therapy. An online cross-sectional survey was open between August 28, 2020, and December 31, 2020, to trans people presumed female at birth, using testosterone for gender affirmation, living in Australia, and >16 years of age. The survey explored characteristics of pelvic pain following initiation of testosterone therapy, type and length of testosterone therapy, menstruation history, and relevant sexual, gynecological, and mental health experiences. Logistic regression was applied to estimate the effect size of possible factors contributing to pain after starting testosterone. Among 486 participants (median age = 27 years), 351 (72.2%)* reported experiencing pelvic pain following initiation of testosterone therapy, described most commonly as in the suprapubic region and as "cramping." Median duration of testosterone therapy was 32 months. Persistent menstruation, current or previous history of post-traumatic stress disorder, and experiences of pain with orgasm were associated with higher odds of pelvic pain after testosterone therapy. No association was observed with genital dryness, intrauterine device use, previous pregnancy, penetrative sexual activities, touching external genitalia, or known diagnoses of endometriosis, vulvodynia, vaginismus, depression, anxiety, or obesity. Pelvic pain is frequently reported in trans people following initiation of testosterone therapy. Given the association with persistent menstruation and orgasm, as well as the known androgen sensitivity of the pelvic floor musculature, further research into pelvic floor muscle dysfunction as a contributor is warranted.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Female; Adult; Transgender Persons; Testosterone; Cross-Sectional Studies; Pelvic Pain; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 36603056
DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2022.0187 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Feb 2024Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is an important component in the process of transitioning for many transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals. Multiple... (Review)
Review
Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is an important component in the process of transitioning for many transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals. Multiple medical organizations recommend fertility preservation counseling prior to initiation of GAHT; however, there remains little high-quality data regarding the impact of GAHT on fertility and reproductive function. A PubMed literature review was performed using Boolean search operators linking keywords or phrases such as "mouse", "rat", "primate", "animal model", "transgender", "gender", "estrogen", "testosterone", "fertility", and "fertility preservation". Recent research has produced a number of animal models of GAHT that utilize similar hormonal regimens and produce similar phenotypic results to those used and observed in human patients. Specific to testosterone(T)-containing GAHT, animals demonstrate loss of menstrual cyclicity with therapy, resumption of menses on cessation of therapy, suppression of gonadotropin levels, and physical changes such as clitoromegaly. Models mimicking GAHT for transmasculine individuals in the peripubertal period demonstrate that pretreatment with GnRHa therapy does not modify the effects of subsequent T administration, which were similar to those described in adult models. Both models suggest promising potential for future fertility with cessation of T. With estradiol (E)-containing GAHT, animals exhibit decreased size of testicles, epididymis, and seminal vesicles, as well as ongoing production of spermatocytes, and seminiferous tubule vacuolization. Given the ethical challenges of conducting human studies in this area, high-fidelity animal models represent a promising opportunity for investigation and could eventually transform clinical counseling about the necessity of fertility preservation. Future studies should better delineate the interactions (if any exist) between treatment attributes such as dosing and duration with the extent of reversibility of reproductive perturbations. The development of models of peripubertal feminizing GAHT is an additional area for future work.
PubMed: 38398495
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041183 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Feb 2024Differences in blood concentration of sex hormones in the follicular (FP) and luteal (LP) phases may influence energy metabolism in women. We compared fasting energy...
Differences in blood concentration of sex hormones in the follicular (FP) and luteal (LP) phases may influence energy metabolism in women. We compared fasting energy metabolism and sweet taste preference on a representative day of the FP and LP in twenty healthy women (25·3 (sd 5·1) years, BMI: 22·2 (sd 2·2) kg/m) with regular self-reported menses and without the use of hormonal contraceptives. From the self-reported duration of the three prior menstrual cycles, the predicted FP and LP visits were scheduled for days 5-12 and 20-25 after menses, respectively. The order of the FP and LP visits was randomly assigned. On each visit, RMR and RQ by indirect calorimetry, sweet taste preference by the Monell two-series forced-choice tracking procedure, serum fibroblast growth factor 21 by a commercial ELISA (FGF21, a liver-derived protein with action in energy balance, fuel oxidation and sugar preference) and dietary food intake by a 24-h dietary recall were determined. Serum progesterone and oestradiol concentrations displayed the expected differences between phases. RMR was lower in the FP . LP (5042 (sd 460) . 5197 (sd 490) kJ/d, respectively; = 0·04; Cohen effect size, = 0·33), while RQ showed borderline significant higher values (0·84 (sd 0·05) . 0·81 (sd 0·05), respectively; = 0·07; = 0·62). Also, in the FP . LP, sweet taste preference was lower (12 (sd 8) . 16 (sd 9) %; = 0·04; = 0·47) concomitant with higher serum FGF21 concentration (294 (sd 164) . 197 (sd 104) pg/ml; < 0·01; = 0·66). The menstrual cycle is associated with changes in energy expenditure, sweet taste preference and oxidative fuel partitioning.
Topics: Humans; Female; Taste; Menstrual Cycle; Energy Metabolism; Eating; Food
PubMed: 37641942
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114523001927 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022Dysmenorrhea is defined as the presence of painful menstruation, and it affects daily activities in different ways. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence...
INTRODUCTION
Dysmenorrhea is defined as the presence of painful menstruation, and it affects daily activities in different ways. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence and management of dysmenorrhea and to determine the impact of dysmenorrhea on the quality of life of medical students.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study conducted was prospective, analytical and observational and was performed between 7 November 2019 and 30 January 2020 in five university centers from Romania. The data was collected using an original questionnaire regarding menstrual cycles and dysmenorrhea. The information about relationships with family or friends, couples' relationships and university activity helped to assess the effects of dysmenorrhea on quality of life. The level of significance was set at < 0.05.
RESULTS
The study comprised 1720 students in total. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 78.4%. During their menstrual period, most female students felt more agitated or nervous (72.7%), more tired (66.9%), as if they had less energy for daily activities (75.9%) and highly stressed (57.9%), with a normal diet being difficult to achieve (30.0%). University courses (49.4%), social life (34.5%), couples' relationships (29.6%), as well as relationships with family (21.4%) and friends (15.4%) were also affected, depending on the duration and intensity of the pain.
CONCLUSION
Dysmenorrhea has a high prevalence among medical students and could affect the quality of life of students in several ways. During their menstrual period, most female students feel as if they have less energy for daily activities and exhibit a higher level of stress. The intensity of the symptoms varies considerably and, with it, the degree of discomfort it creates. Most student use both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods to reduce pain (75.7%). University courses, social life, couples' relationships, as well as relationships with family and friends are affected, depending on the duration and intensity of the pain.
PubMed: 35052320
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010157