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Ugeskrift For Laeger Oct 2023This review investigates the mortality gap that exists between people with or people without mental illness. Poor physical health is the leading cause of excess... (Review)
Review
This review investigates the mortality gap that exists between people with or people without mental illness. Poor physical health is the leading cause of excess mortality among people with mental illness. Mental disorders increase the risk of developing a broad range of physical diseases and the risk of death caused by somatic diseases is increased. Also, mental disorder is associated with less optimal treatment in the somatic healthcare system, which is also evident within a broad spectrum of somatic diseases. The role of structural factors such as the design of the healthcare system and stigma are developing.
Topics: Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychotic Disorders; Morbidity
PubMed: 37897384
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Psychiatry Sep 2023About a year and a half after publishing ICD-11, we aim to gather initial feedback, comments, opinions, and even recent study results from experts in the relevant fields...
About a year and a half after publishing ICD-11, we aim to gather initial feedback, comments, opinions, and even recent study results from experts in the relevant fields through this collection. We hope to facilitate a preliminary summary of whether the new classification truly represents progress, and how it has changed treatment, and research of mental illnesses.
Topics: Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 37749513
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05186-w -
The British Journal of Psychiatry : the... Jan 2017Psychiatry uncomfortably spans biological and psychosocial perspectives on mental illness, an idea central to Engel's biopsychosocial paradigm. This paradigm was...
Psychiatry uncomfortably spans biological and psychosocial perspectives on mental illness, an idea central to Engel's biopsychosocial paradigm. This paradigm was extremely ambitious, proposing new foundations for clinical practice as well as a non-reductive metaphysics for mental illness. Perhaps given this scope, the approach has failed to engender a clearly identifiable research programme. And yet the view remains influential. We reassess the relevance of the biopsychosocial paradigm for psychiatry, distinguishing a number of ways in which it could be (re)conceived.
Topics: Biological Psychiatry; Humans; Mental Disorders; Psychiatry; Psychological Theory
PubMed: 28052890
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.182873 -
Laeknabladid Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Coercion; Psychiatry; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 36988128
DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2023.04.736 -
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2023
Topics: Humans; Mental Health; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 37756022
DOI: No ID Found -
Der Nervenarzt Nov 2020Homelessness is an expression of marked social exclusion phenomena and often particularly affects people with mental disorders. Mental disorders often precede the onset... (Review)
Review
Homelessness is an expression of marked social exclusion phenomena and often particularly affects people with mental disorders. Mental disorders often precede the onset of homelessness but can also be a result of homelessness. Different forms of therapeutic and social support interventions have been evaluated in various countries, predominantly with an outreach treatment approach. These interventions were often combined with low threshold availability of housing programs. These showed positive effects on housing stability and reduction of psychiatric symptoms but not in reduction of substance use disorders. Peer support strategies and the use of digital media are possible options for future therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Ill-Housed Persons; Housing; Humans; Internet; Mental Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 32897391
DOI: 10.1007/s00115-020-00986-x -
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue... May 2018With unprecedented numbers of displaced persons worldwide, mental health clinicians in high-income countries will increasingly encounter refugee and asylum-seeking... (Review)
Review
With unprecedented numbers of displaced persons worldwide, mental health clinicians in high-income countries will increasingly encounter refugee and asylum-seeking patients, many of whom have experienced significant adversity before and after their migration. This paper presents a summary of the recent evidence on the assessment and treatment of refugees across the lifespan to inform clinicians' approaches to care of refugee patients in mental health care settings. Assessment and interventions for refugees are grounded in an ecosystemic approach which considers not only pre-migratory trauma, but social, familial, and cultural determinants of mental health in the host country. Evidence for psychotherapy and pharmacological treatments are reviewed, highlighting promising interventions while acknowledging that further research is needed. Ultimately, serving refugees necessitates a biopsychosocial approach that engages clinicians as medical experts, therapists, and advocates.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Humans; Mental Disorders; Mental Health Services; Psychotherapy; Psychotropic Drugs; Refugees
PubMed: 29207884
DOI: 10.1177/0706743717746665 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jun 2023Children and adolescents with psychiatric or neurologic disorders often suffer from sleep problems. Disrupted sleep might lead to different comorbidities in the... (Review)
Review
Children and adolescents with psychiatric or neurologic disorders often suffer from sleep problems. Disrupted sleep might lead to different comorbidities in the child/adolescent. These symptoms often mimic other psychiatric symptoms, which makes the diagnostic process challenging. Sleep problems can lead to aggravation of existing symptoms, exacerbation into psychiatric problems, or arise as a response to pharmacological treatment. In order to provide an efficient and well-qualified treatment, it is important to understand the pathogenesis of sleep problems to be able to distinguish between the cause and consequence, as argued in this review.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Mental Disorders; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 37381875
DOI: No ID Found -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International May 2015About 17% of all children suffer from a mental disorder in early childhood, defined as the period up to the age of 6 years. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
About 17% of all children suffer from a mental disorder in early childhood, defined as the period up to the age of 6 years.
METHODS
This review is based on publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed and the Web of Science, as well as on the authors' clinical and scientific experience.
RESULTS
In children up to age 2, disorders of emotional and motor regulation are common (ca. 7%), as are feeding problems (25%), which persist in 2% of children to meet the diagnostic criteria for a feeding disorder. Reactive attachment disorder, a serious mental illness, has a prevalence of about 1%: it is more common among children in situations of increased risk, e.g., orphanages and foster homes. Preschool children can develop anxiety disorder and depressive disorder, as well as hyperactivity and behavioral disorders (the latter two mainly in boys). Parent training and parent-child psychotherapy have been found to be effective treatments. There is no evidence that psychotropic drugs are effective in early childhood.
CONCLUSION
The diagnostician should act cautiously when assigning psychopathological significance to symptoms arising in early childhood but should still be able to recognize mental disorders early from the way they are embedded in the child's interactive relationships with parents or significant others, and then to initiate the appropriate treatment. Psychotherapy in this age group is still in need of validation by efficacy studies and longitudinal studies of adequate quality.
Topics: Child; Child Health; Child, Preschool; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mental Disorders; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26149380
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2015.0375 -
Journal of Preventive Medicine and... Jan 2013Several epidemiological studies have shown that exercise (EX) and physical activity (PA) can prevent or delay the onset of different mental disorders, and have... (Review)
Review
Several epidemiological studies have shown that exercise (EX) and physical activity (PA) can prevent or delay the onset of different mental disorders, and have therapeutic benefits when used as sole or adjunct treatment in mental disorders. This review summarizes studies that used EX interventions in patients with anxiety, affective, eating, and substance use disorders, as well as schizophrenia and dementia/mild cognitive impairment. Despite several decades of clinical evidence with EX interventions, controlled studies are sparse in most disorder groups. Preliminary evidence suggests that PA/EX can induce improvements in physical, subjective and disorder-specific clinical outcomes. Potential mechanisms of action are discussed, as well as implications for psychiatric research and practice.
Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Databases, Factual; Dementia; Exercise; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Mental Disorders; Mood Disorders; Motor Activity; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Schizophrenia; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 23412549
DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.S.S12