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Neurologic Clinics Feb 2011Aggression is a serious medical problem that can place both the patient and the health care provider at risk. Aggression can result from medical, neurologic, and/or... (Review)
Review
Aggression is a serious medical problem that can place both the patient and the health care provider at risk. Aggression can result from medical, neurologic, and/or psychiatric disorders. A comprehensive patient evaluation is needed. Treatment options include pharmacotherapy as well as nonpharmacologic interventions, both of which need to be individualized to the patient.
Topics: Aggression; Anticonvulsants; Antipsychotic Agents; Brain; Humans; Mental Disorders; Physical Examination; Seizures; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 21172570
DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2010.10.006 -
Epidemiologic Reviews 2008In the last decade, there has been an increase in interest in the burden of chronic and disabling health conditions that are not necessarily fatal, such as the mental... (Review)
Review
In the last decade, there has been an increase in interest in the burden of chronic and disabling health conditions that are not necessarily fatal, such as the mental disorders. This review systematically summarizes data on the burden associated with 11 major mental disorders of adults. The measures of burden include estimates of prevalence, mortality associated with the disorders, disabilities and impairments related to the disorders, and costs. This review expands the range of mental disorders considered in a report on the global burden of disease, updates the literature, presents information on the range and depth of sources of information on burden, and adds estimates of costs. The purpose is to provide an accessible guide to the burden of mental disorders, especially for researchers and policy makers who may not be familiar with this subfield of epidemiology.
Topics: Cost of Illness; Humans; Mental Disorders; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 18806255
DOI: 10.1093/epirev/mxn011 -
Asian Journal of Psychiatry May 2022There is significant individual human suffering and economic burden because of untreated mental health and substance use disorders. There is high psychiatric morbidity... (Review)
Review
There is significant individual human suffering and economic burden because of untreated mental health and substance use disorders. There is high psychiatric morbidity in primary and secondary medical care. At least one-fifth of patients attending primary care services in western countries pertain to mental health and one-third of patients attending general hospitals have a comorbid mental disorder. Patients with mental disorders have lower life expectancy than the general population due to various medical conditions and reduced access to physical healthcare. There is a suicide every 40 seconds and the vast majority of those who die by suicide have a diagnosable mental disorder. Despite this, most countries spend less than 2% of their health budgets on mental health. Effective treatments exist for mental disorders, however underfunding, poor integration of services, lack of trained health care professionals and stigma often prevent access to effective treatments. Stigma is a significant barrier to seeking help and receiving treatment. Geographical separation of mental health services from general hospital settings may be perpetuating the stigma of mental illness among the population. In this article, we review the key reasons why mental health services globally need to align with mainstream healthcare services and the longstanding reasons that necessitate the need to make mental health a public health priority.
Topics: Humans; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Mental Health Services; Psychotic Disorders; Social Stigma; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 35248843
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103053 -
Cell Mar 2014Recent findings in a range of scientific disciplines are challenging the conventional wisdom regarding the etiology, classification, and treatment of psychiatric... (Review)
Review
Recent findings in a range of scientific disciplines are challenging the conventional wisdom regarding the etiology, classification, and treatment of psychiatric disorders. This Review focuses on the current state of the psychiatric diagnostic nosology and recent progress in three areas: genomics, neuroimaging, and therapeutics development. The accelerating pace of novel and unexpected findings is transforming the understanding of mental illness and represents a hopeful sign that the approaches and models that have sustained the field for the past 40 years are yielding to a flood of new data and presaging the emergence of a new and more powerful scientific paradigm.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mental Disorders; Neuroimaging; Neurosciences
PubMed: 24679536
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.042 -
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Jan 2024The siblings of children with mental disorders are more likely to experience mental health issues themselves, but there has been a lack of sibling studies on selective...
The siblings of children with mental disorders are more likely to experience mental health issues themselves, but there has been a lack of sibling studies on selective mutism (SM). The aim of this population-based study was to use national registers to examine associations between children with SM and diagnoses of various mental disorder in their siblings. All singleton children born in Finland from 1987 to 2009, and diagnosed with SM from 1998 to 2012, were identified from national health registers and matched with four controls by age and sex. Their biological siblings and parents were identified using national registries and the diagnostic information on the siblings of the subjects and controls was obtained. The final analyses comprised 658 children with SM and their 1661 siblings and 2092 controls with 4120 siblings. The analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equations. Mental disorders were more common among the siblings of the children with SM than among the siblings of the controls. The strongest associations were observed for childhood emotional disorders and autism spectrum disorders after the data were adjusted for covariates and comorbid diagnoses among SM subjects. The final model showed associations between SM and a wide range of disorders in siblings, with strongest associations with disorders that usually have their onset during childhood. Our finding showed that SM clustered with other mental disorders in siblings and this requires further research, especially the association between SM and autism spectrum disorders. Strong associations with childhood onset disorders may indicate shared etiologies.
Topics: Child; Humans; Mutism; Siblings; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Mental Disorders; Comorbidity; Child Behavior Disorders
PubMed: 36422730
DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02114-3 -
Lakartidningen Mar 2018
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Guidance; Humans; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 29509208
DOI: No ID Found -
Psychological Medicine Apr 2021Psychiatric disorders are studied at multiple levels, but there is no agreement on how these levels are related to each other, or how they should be understood in the... (Review)
Review
Psychiatric disorders are studied at multiple levels, but there is no agreement on how these levels are related to each other, or how they should be understood in the first place. In this paper, I provide an account of levels and their relationships that is suited for psychopathology, drawing from recent debates in philosophy of science. Instead of metaphysical issues, the focus is on delivering an understanding of levels that is relevant and useful for scientific practice. I also defend a pragmatic approach to the question of reduction, arguing that even in-principle reductionists should embrace pluralism in practice. Finally, I discuss the benefits and challenges in integrating explanations and models of different levels.
Topics: Heuristics; Humans; Mental Disorders; Philosophy; Psychopathology; Research
PubMed: 31549600
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291719002514 -
Perspectives on Psychological Science :... Sep 2016Contemporary classification systems for mental disorders assume that abnormal behaviors are expressions of latent disease entities. An alternative to the latent disease... (Review)
Review
Contemporary classification systems for mental disorders assume that abnormal behaviors are expressions of latent disease entities. An alternative to the latent disease model is the complex network approach. Instead of assuming that symptoms arise from an underlying disease entity, the complex network approach holds that disorders exist as systems of interrelated elements of a network. This approach also provides a framework for the understanding of therapeutic change. Depending on the structure of the network, change can occur abruptly once the network reaches a critical threshold (the tipping point). Homogeneous and highly connected networks often recover more slowly from local perturbations when the network approaches the tipping point, potentially making it possible to predict treatment change, relapse, and recovery. In this article, we discuss the complex network approach as an alternative to the latent disease model and its implications for classification, therapy, relapse, and recovery.
Topics: Humans; Mental Disorders; Models, Theoretical
PubMed: 27694457
DOI: 10.1177/1745691616639283 -
Der Nervenarzt Mar 2021
Topics: Alcoholism; Humans; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 33751139
DOI: 10.1007/s00115-020-01043-3 -
Revista Medica de Chile Apr 2018There is no consensus amongst physicians, social security representatives and researchers about optimum sick leaves. This is an indication that should maximize positive... (Review)
Review
There is no consensus amongst physicians, social security representatives and researchers about optimum sick leaves. This is an indication that should maximize positive outcomes and minimize potential side effects, both for the patient and society. The use of sick leaves during the last decade rose steadily, particularly in the psychiatric field. The most important causes of this increase are: changes in public policies, overuse of psychiatric diagnosis to cover up unmet social needs, and modifications to labour structure. It is analysed the impact that this situation has implied for physician patient relationship as well as for health budget. Even though sick leave diminishes presentism associated to a psychiatric disorder, published evidence about the effect of prolonged sick leave shows that damage overruns potential benefits: augmented morbidity and mortality, workplace phobia, economic loss, among others.
Topics: Chile; Humans; Mental Disorders; Occupational Health; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Presenteeism; Sick Leave
PubMed: 29999125
DOI: 10.4067/s0034-98872018000400494