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Journal of Neurochemistry Apr 2010Nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) are well established as messenger molecules throughout the body, gasotransmitters, based on striking alterations in mice... (Review)
Review
Nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) are well established as messenger molecules throughout the body, gasotransmitters, based on striking alterations in mice lacking the appropriate biosynthetic enzymes. Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is even more chemically reactive, but until recently there was little definitive evidence for its physiologic formation. Cystathionine beta-synthase (EC 4.2.1.22), and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE; EC 4.4.1.1), also known as cystathionine, can generate H(2)S from cyst(e)ine. Very recent studies with mice lacking these enzymes have established that CSE is responsible for H(2)S formation in the periphery, while in the brain cystathionine beta-synthase is the biosynthetic enzyme. Endothelial-derived relaxing factor activity is reduced 80% in the mesenteric artery of mice with deletion of CSE, establishing H(2)S as a major physiologic endothelial-derived relaxing factor. H(2)S appears to signal predominantly by S-sulfhydrating cysteines in its target proteins, analogous to S-nitrosylation by NO. Whereas S-nitrosylation typically inhibits enzymes, S-sulfhydration activates them. S-nitrosylation basally affects 1-2% of its target proteins, while 10-25% of H(2)S target proteins are S-sulfhydrated. In summary, H(2)S appears to be a physiologic gasotransmitter of comparable importance to NO and carbon monoxide.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Carbon Monoxide; Cystathionine beta-Synthase; Cystathionine gamma-Lyase; Endothelium, Vascular; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors; Humans; Hydrogen Sulfide; Hypertension; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Models, Molecular; Nitric Oxide; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 20067586
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06580.x -
Radiology Case Reports Nov 2022Chronic midgut malrotation is a rare condition found in the adult age that predisposes to severe complications. It derives from an incomplete rotation of the mesentery...
Chronic midgut malrotation is a rare condition found in the adult age that predisposes to severe complications. It derives from an incomplete rotation of the mesentery around the superior mesenteric artery during embryogenic development. This results in intestinal loops displacement and mesenteric malfixation. Nevertheless, other congenital abnormalities can be also associated, such as mesenteric cysts and biliopancreatic malformations. Imaging modalities employed in the evaluation of chronic midgut malrotation include contrast radiography, which permits to visualize the localization of the intestinal loops, and ultrasound, that can detect a twist of superior mesenteric vessels. Computed tomography is however considered the modality of choice, owing to its wide field of view and the rapid scan times. The role of magnetic resonance imaging in this field has been barely explored. In particular, magnetic resonance enterography has a consolidated role in the assessment of intestinal loops and allows detecting extra-intestinal findings as well. Moreover, the lack of radiation exposure makes this technique suitable for nonemergency cases, especially in young patients. This is the first description of simultaneous chronic midgut malrotation, mesenteric cyst and pancreas divisum discovered in a Crohn's disease patient. The performance of magnetic resonance enterography allowed to properly interpret this multifaceted clinical picture.
PubMed: 36124320
DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.08.045 -
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine Jan 2017The present study aimed to investigate the use of ultrasound and differential diagnosis to diagnose a fetal abdominal cyst. A retrospective analysis of 41 cases of fetal...
The present study aimed to investigate the use of ultrasound and differential diagnosis to diagnose a fetal abdominal cyst. A retrospective analysis of 41 cases of fetal abdominal cyst, which included ovarian cysts, choledochal cysts, intestinal duplication and mesenteric cysts, was performed. Imaging characteristics of various types of cysts were summarized, compared and discussed. Among 41 fetal abdominal cyst cases, there were 21 cases of ovarian cysts, 11 cases of bile duct cyst, six cases of intestinal duplication and three cases of mesenteric cyst. Each type of fetal cyst had its own distinctive characteristics on abdominal ultrasound examination. Ovarian cysts were located at one side of the bladder, round-shaped and observed in female fetuses; choledochal cysts were located in the hilar, were oblong- or oval-shaped and connected to the bile duct; intestinal duplication was located in the middle of abdomen, close to the intestine, and presented as an intestinal wall-like structure; mesenteric cysts were round-shaped with thin tensionless wall, presented with multiple chambers, and were easily deformable on compression. The findings of the present study demonstrated that a comprehensive analysis of the association between the cyst and its adjacent location, shape, wall thickness, motility and other aspects of dynamic changes via ultrasonography may provide a differential diagnosis of different types of fetal abdominal cysts.
PubMed: 28123506
DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3948 -
International Journal of Emergency... May 2020Mesenteric cysts are intra-abdominal masses of congenital origin, which most frequently occur in children, with an incidence of approximately 1 case per 20,000 pediatric...
BACKGROUND
Mesenteric cysts are intra-abdominal masses of congenital origin, which most frequently occur in children, with an incidence of approximately 1 case per 20,000 pediatric admissions. Its progression can be asymptomatic, and its diagnosis can be incidental. However, it usually occurs with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, sensation of a mass, and/or diarrhea. The diagnostic imaging method of choice is abdominal ultrasound.
CASE PRESENTATION
Below, we present the case of a previously healthy 1-year-old male patient with nonspecific symptoms, who was referred to a tertiary hospital. The presence of a mesenteric cyst was detected at the end of the diagnostic approach.
CONCLUSION
It is important to know these pathologies even though they are infrequent, because although they are benign masses by definition, they can lead to complications such as intestinal torsion, intestinal obstruction, and even peritonitis.
PubMed: 32393165
DOI: 10.1186/s12245-020-00282-0 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2022Preoperative complications of mesenteric lymphatic malformations (ML) in children are various and complex. We aim to analyze the incidences and risk factors of three...
BACKGROUND
Preoperative complications of mesenteric lymphatic malformations (ML) in children are various and complex. We aim to analyze the incidences and risk factors of three major preoperative complications (hemorrhage of the cyst, infection of the cyst and intestinal volvulus) in ML patients, and explore their influence on the outcomes.
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study enrolled ML patients undergoing surgery at Beijing Children's Hospital between June 2016 and June 2022 and classified them according to different preoperative complications, preoperative hemorrhage or infection, and preoperative intestinal volvulus. The groups were examined and compared according to sex, age at admission, presenting symptoms, laboratory examinations, imaging examinations, preoperative treatments, cyst characteristics, surgical details, perioperative clinical data, and follow-up. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent risk factors for preoperative hemorrhage or infection, and preoperative intestinal volvulus.
RESULTS
Of the 104 enrolled ML patients, 27 (26.0%) had preoperative hemorrhage or infection, and 22 (21.2%) had preoperative intestinal volvulus. Univariate analysis showed that patients with preoperative hemorrhage or infection had a higher rate of ML in the mesocolon (44.4 vs. 23.4%, < 0.038) and larger cysts (10 vs. 8 cm, = 0.042) than patients without preoperative hemorrhage or infection. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that the location (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.1-8.6; = 0.026) and size of the cyst (≥7.5 cm) (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 1.6-23.4; = 0.007) were independent risk factors for preoperative hemorrhage or infection. Preoperative intestinal volvulus was only found in ML at the intestinal mesentery. Further analysis showed that ML in the jejunal mesentery was an independent risk factor for preoperative intestinal volvulus (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.1-10.0; = 0.027). Patients with preoperative hemorrhage or infection spent more on hospitalization costs than patients without preoperative hemorrhage or infection (3,000 vs. 2,674 dollars, = 0.038).
CONCLUSIONS
ML patients should be treated as soon as possible after diagnosis. The location and size of the cyst were independent risk factors for preoperative hemorrhage or infection. ML in the jejunal mesentery was an independent risk factor for preoperative intestinal volvulus.
PubMed: 36245723
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1033897 -
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology... Jun 2017Abdominal cysts of gastrointestinal origin are rare. Their rarity and varied clinical presentations make their pre-operative diagnosis difficult.
PURPOSE
Abdominal cysts of gastrointestinal origin are rare. Their rarity and varied clinical presentations make their pre-operative diagnosis difficult.
METHODS
Fourteen patients with histological diagnosis of cysts of gastrointestinal origin admitted between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed with respect to age, sex, clinical presentation, diagnostic modality, site and type of cyst, management, outcome and follow-up.
RESULTS
The mean age at presentation was 4 years and there were six males and eight females. Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom. Five patients had an acute presentation-three had distal ileal mesenteric cysts and two had ileal duplication cyst sharing a common wall with ileum. Six patients presented with chronic abdominal pain and lump-three patients had omental cysts and three had mesenteric cysts-two of these in distal ileum and one in sigmoid colon. Two patients presented with antenatally diagnosed palpable abdominal lump. One had a mesenteric cyst of the ileum and the other had a distal ileal duplication cyst which required excision with resection and anastomosis. One patient had an atypical presentation. He was a known case of sickle cell trait and had presented with vague abdominal pain, recurrent cough and multiple episodes of haemoptysis over a period of one year. At laparotomy, gastric duplication cyst was found which was excised completely. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis.
CONCLUSION
Cysts of gastrointestinal origin are rare and have varied presentation. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. The results and prognosis are good.
PubMed: 28730133
DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2017.20.2.94 -
Turkish Journal of Surgery Jun 2021Chylolymphatic mesenteric cyst of the abdomen is a rare differential for cystic tumors, more so in the pediatric age group and has varied clinical pres- entations.There...
Chylolymphatic mesenteric cyst of the abdomen is a rare differential for cystic tumors, more so in the pediatric age group and has varied clinical pres- entations.There have been very few cases reported worldwide. To the best of our knowledge, a multicystic chylolymphatic cyst of the abdomen as demonstrated below is the first reported occurrence worldwide in the paediatric age group.
PubMed: 37275196
DOI: 10.47717/turkjsurg.2021.3830 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... 2019Cystic lymphangioma is a benign malformative tumor. The abdominal localization is rare. The diagnosis is not easy in preoperative period. The surgery is the choice in...
INTRODUCTION
Cystic lymphangioma is a benign malformative tumor. The abdominal localization is rare. The diagnosis is not easy in preoperative period. The surgery is the choice in the abdominal and symptomatic localization.
PRESENTATION OF CASE
We report a 26 years old women. She consulted with left hypochondrial pain. The exam found left hyphochondrial swelling with 10 cm of diameter. The biologic screeming was normal. The ultrasound showed a multiloculated cyst which measured 130*80 mm. the CT scan showed a mesenteri cyst mass measured 15 cm. A fine needle aspiration cytology guided by abdominal ultrasound was realized and the cytology doesn't show malignant cell. A median laparotomy found a mesenteric cystic mass measured 15 cm of diameter. A resection was realized. The histologic exam membranous fibrosis cyst limited by an endothelium.
CONCLUSION
Mesenteric localization of cyst lymphagioma is rare. The surgery is safe and efficiency for the treatment.
PubMed: 31399398
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2019.07.051 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Oct 2020Mesenteric cysts were first described in 1507 and since then remain as a rare intraabdominal pathology. The etiology of this kind of tumor is still unclear and the...
Mesenteric cysts were first described in 1507 and since then remain as a rare intraabdominal pathology. The etiology of this kind of tumor is still unclear and the classification remains controversial. They are usually asymptomatic, but can also cause acute abdominal pain and sometimes need emergency surgical approach. Clinical history, physical exam and complementary tests do not always provide diagnosis, which in many cases is made after surgery. Surgical management with complete excision of the cyst is the gold standard treatment. Laparoscopy technique should be preferred whenever is possible. The knowledge of these rare tumors is important for considering the correct approach. The goals of this article is to describe a case report of mesenteric cyst presented with acute abdominal pain at the emergency and do a brief literature review about this entity.
PubMed: 32983433
DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.09.001 -
Frontiers in Surgery 2021The occurrence of a mesenteric cyst (MC) is common in adults while in children and in infants is rare. In adults mesenteric cysts are often asymptomatic and discovered...
The occurrence of a mesenteric cyst (MC) is common in adults while in children and in infants is rare. In adults mesenteric cysts are often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally; however, in children they commonly present with symptoms of abdominal pain or distension with fever and leucocytosis. We report on a rare case, in our experience, of Mesenteric Chylous cyst (MCC) in an infant with signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction. Discussion of literature is also reported.
PubMed: 34195222
DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.666488