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Nature Reviews. Endocrinology Dec 2020The metabolic syndrome is prevalent in developed nations and accounts for the largest burden of non-communicable diseases worldwide. The metabolic syndrome has direct... (Review)
Review
The metabolic syndrome is prevalent in developed nations and accounts for the largest burden of non-communicable diseases worldwide. The metabolic syndrome has direct effects on health and increases the risk of developing cancer. Lifestyle factors that are known to promote the metabolic syndrome generally cause pro-inflammatory alterations in microbiota communities in the intestine. Indeed, alterations to the structure and function of intestinal microbiota are sufficient to promote the metabolic syndrome, inflammation and cancer. Among the lifestyle factors that are associated with the metabolic syndrome, disruption of the circadian system, known as circadian dysrhythmia, is increasingly common. Disruption of the circadian system can alter microbiome communities and can perturb host metabolism, energy homeostasis and inflammatory pathways, which leads to the metabolic syndrome. This Perspective discusses the role of intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites in mediating the effects of disruption of circadian rhythms on human health.
Topics: Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Neoplasms
PubMed: 33106657
DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00427-4 -
Anales Del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra 2016A high caloric intake in today's nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle are the main causes of the notable increase in obesity in our society. In turn, this results in an... (Review)
Review
A high caloric intake in today's nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle are the main causes of the notable increase in obesity in our society. In turn, this results in an increase in associated pathologies, such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes type 2. In the present work we review most recent studies and programs, which are significant due to their sample size and geographical diversity. It clearly shows that changes in alimentation and lifestyles are an effective instrument for combatting or delaying the onset of these diseases. In this sense, prevention is also key to avoiding serious consequences related to diabetes and metabolic syndrome, which can affect the life of the population.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Healthy; Humans; Life Style; Metabolic Syndrome
PubMed: 27599954
DOI: 10.23938/ASSN.0267 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2018The growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the U.S. and even worldwide is becoming a serious health problem and economic burden. MetS has become a crucial... (Review)
Review
The growing prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the U.S. and even worldwide is becoming a serious health problem and economic burden. MetS has become a crucial risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The rising rates of CVD and diabetes, which are the two leading causes of death, simultaneously exist. To prevent the progression of MetS to diabetes and CVD, we have to understand how MetS occurs and how it progresses. Too many causative factors interact with each other, making the investigation and treatment of metabolic syndrome a very complex issue. Recently, a number of studies were conducted to investigate mechanisms and interventions of MetS, from different aspects. In this review, the proposed and demonstrated mechanisms of MetS pathogenesis are discussed and summarized. More importantly, different interventions are discussed, so that health practitioners can have a better understanding of the most recent research progress and have available references for their daily practice.
Topics: Animals; Diet Therapy; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Syndrome; Oxidative Stress; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 30602666
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010128 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022The Special Issue call for papers on "Metabolic syndrome and its association with biomarkers" was proposed to present research on various markers for pathophysiology and...
The Special Issue call for papers on "Metabolic syndrome and its association with biomarkers" was proposed to present research on various markers for pathophysiology and the early detection of metabolic syndrome (MetS) [...].
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36429722
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215003 -
Seminars in Immunopathology Feb 2018Obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MS) are two of the pressing healthcare problems of our time. The MS is defined as increased abdominal obesity in concert with... (Review)
Review
Obesity and the metabolic syndrome (MS) are two of the pressing healthcare problems of our time. The MS is defined as increased abdominal obesity in concert with elevated fasting glucose levels, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, and plasma lipids. It is a key risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and for cardiovascular complications and mortality. Here, we review work demonstrating that various aspects of coagulation and hemostasis, as well as vascular reactivity and function, become impaired progressively during chronic ingestion of a western diet, but also acutely after meals. We outline that both T2DM and cardiovascular disease should be viewed as inflammatory diseases and describe that chronic overload of free fatty acids and glucose can trigger inflammatory pathways directly or via increased production of ROS. We propose that since endothelial stress and increases in platelet activity precede inflammation and overt symptoms of the MS, they are likely the first hit. This suggests that endothelial activation and insulin resistance are probably causative in the observed chronic low-level metabolic inflammation, and thus both metabolic and cardiovascular complications linked to consumption of a western diet.
Topics: Animals; Diet, Western; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Inflammation; Metabolic Syndrome; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 29209827
DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0666-5 -
Translational Psychiatry Dec 2021Observational studies suggested a bidirectional correlation between depression and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. However, the causal associations between...
Observational studies suggested a bidirectional correlation between depression and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. However, the causal associations between them remained unclear. We aimed to investigate whether genetically predicted depression is related to the risk of MetS and its components, and vice versa. We performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study using summary-level data from the most comprehensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of depression (n = 2,113,907), MetS (n = 291,107), waist circumference (n = 462,166), hypertension (n = 463,010) fasting blood glucose (FBG, n = 281,416), triglycerides (n = 441,016), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, n = 403,943). The random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was applied as the primary method. The results identified that genetically predicted depression was significantly positive associated with risk of MetS (OR: 1.224, 95% CI: 1.091-1.374, p = 5.58 × 10), waist circumference (OR: 1.083, 95% CI: 1.027-1.143, p = 0.003), hypertension (OR: 1.028, 95% CI: 1.016-1.039, p = 1.34 × 10) and triglycerides (OR: 1.111, 95% CI: 1.060-1.163, p = 9.35 × 10) while negative associated with HDL-C (OR: 0.932, 95% CI: 0.885-0.981, p = 0.007) but not FBG (OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 0.986-1.034, p = 1.34). No causal relationships were identified for MetS and its components on depression risk. The present MR analysis strength the evidence that depression is a risk factor for MetS and its components (waist circumference, hypertension, FBG, triglycerides, and HDL-C). Early diagnosis and prevention of depression are crucial in the management of MetS and its components.
Topics: Cholesterol, HDL; Depression; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Metabolic Syndrome; Risk Factors; Triglycerides
PubMed: 34903730
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01759-z -
Bioscience Trends Oct 2010Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a widely prevalent and multi-factorial disorder. The syndrome has been given several names such as insulin resistance (IR) syndrome,... (Review)
Review
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a widely prevalent and multi-factorial disorder. The syndrome has been given several names such as insulin resistance (IR) syndrome, plurimetabolic syndrome, Reaven's syndrome, Syndrome X, and the deadly quartet. The formulation of National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP) guidelines has led to some uniformity and standardization of the definition of MetS and has been helpful epidemiologically. The clinical relevance of MetS is related to its role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Weight reduction is one of the mainstays of treatment. This article provides a comprehensive discussion of metabolic risk factors, the history of MetS, and its diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. There is a need to comprehensively review this particular syndrome in view of the ever increasing-incidence of this condition.
Topics: Age Factors; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Exercise; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Racial Groups; Risk Factors
PubMed: 21068471
DOI: No ID Found -
Endocrine Reviews Dec 2008The "metabolic syndrome" (MetS) is a clustering of components that reflect overnutrition, sedentary lifestyles, and resultant excess adiposity. The MetS includes the... (Review)
Review
The "metabolic syndrome" (MetS) is a clustering of components that reflect overnutrition, sedentary lifestyles, and resultant excess adiposity. The MetS includes the clustering of abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and elevated blood pressure and is associated with other comorbidities including the prothrombotic state, proinflammatory state, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and reproductive disorders. Because the MetS is a cluster of different conditions, and not a single disease, the development of multiple concurrent definitions has resulted. The prevalence of the MetS is increasing to epidemic proportions not only in the United States and the remainder of the urbanized world but also in developing nations. Most studies show that the MetS is associated with an approximate doubling of cardiovascular disease risk and a 5-fold increased risk for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although it is unclear whether there is a unifying pathophysiological mechanism resulting in the MetS, abdominal adiposity and insulin resistance appear to be central to the MetS and its individual components. Lifestyle modification and weight loss should, therefore, be at the core of treating or preventing the MetS and its components. In addition, there is a general consensus that other cardiac risk factors should be aggressively managed in individuals with the MetS. Finally, in 2008 the MetS is an evolving concept that continues to be data driven and evidence based with revisions forthcoming.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome
PubMed: 18971485
DOI: 10.1210/er.2008-0024 -
Oncotarget Jan 2017Obesity symbolizes a major public health problem. Overweight and obesity are associated to the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome and to adipose tissue dysfunction.... (Review)
Review
Obesity symbolizes a major public health problem. Overweight and obesity are associated to the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome and to adipose tissue dysfunction. The adipose tissue is metabolically active and an endocrine organ, whose dysregulation causes a low-grade inflammatory state and ectopic fat depositions. The Mediterranean Diet represents a possible therapy for metabolic syndrome, preventing adiposopathy or "sick fat" formation.The Mediterranean Diet exerts protective effects in elderly subjects with and without baseline of chronic diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between cancer and obesity. In the US, diet represents amount 30-35% of death causes related to cancer. Currently, the cancer is the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Furthermore, populations living in the Mediterranean area have a decreased incidence of cancer compared with populations living in Northern Europe or the US, likely due to healthier dietary habits. The bioactive food components have a potential preventive action on cancer. The aims of this review are to evaluate the impact of Mediterranean Diet on onset, progression and regression of metabolic syndrome, cancer and on longevity.
Topics: Diet, Healthy; Diet, Mediterranean; Humans; Longevity; Metabolic Syndrome; Neoplasms; Protective Factors; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction Behavior; Time Factors
PubMed: 27894098
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13553 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic indicators that increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Visceral obesity and factors derived from altered... (Review)
Review
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic indicators that increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Visceral obesity and factors derived from altered adipose tissue, adipokines, play critical roles in the development of metabolic syndrome. Although the adipokines leptin and adiponectin improve insulin sensitivity, others contribute to the development of glucose intolerance, including visfatin, fetuin-A, resistin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Leptin and adiponectin increase fatty acid oxidation, prevent foam cell formation, and improve lipid metabolism, while visfatin, fetuin-A, PAI-1, and resistin have pro-atherogenic properties. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of various adipokines in the development of metabolic syndrome, focusing on glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism.
Topics: Adipokines; Animals; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome
PubMed: 35056647
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020334