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Revista Paulista de Pediatria : Orgao... Mar 2014To verify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in obese adolescents and its relationship with different body composition indicators.
OBJECTIVE
To verify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in obese adolescents and its relationship with different body composition indicators.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study comprising 79 adolescents aged ten to 18 years old. The assessed body composition indicators were: body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, abdominal circumference, and subcutaneous fat. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the criteria proposed by Cook et al. The insulin resistance was determined by the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index for values above 3.16. The analysis of ROC curves was used to assess the BMI and the abdominal circumference, aiming to identify the subjects with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. The cutoff point corresponded to the percentage above the reference value used to diagnose obesity.
RESULTS
The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 45.5% of the patients and insulin resistance, in 29.1%. Insulin resistance showed association with HDL-cholesterol (p=0.032) and with metabolic syndrome (p=0.006). All body composition indicators were correlated with insulin resistance (p<0.01). In relation to the cutoff point evaluation, the values of 23.5 and 36.3% above the BMI reference point allowed the identification of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The best cutoff point for abdominal circumference to identify insulin resistance was 40%.
CONCLUSIONS
All body composition indicators, HDL-cholesterol and metabolic syndrome showed correlation with insulin resistance. The BMI was the most effective anthropometric indicator to identify insulin resistance.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Composition; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Prevalence
PubMed: 24676191
DOI: 10.1590/s0103-05822014000100010 -
Mediators of Inflammation 2010The increasing incidence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome is disturbing. The activation of inflammatory pathways, used normally as host defence, reminds the... (Review)
Review
The increasing incidence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome is disturbing. The activation of inflammatory pathways, used normally as host defence, reminds the seriousness of this condition. There is probably more than one cause for activation of inflammation. Apparently, metabolic overload evokes stress reactions, such as oxidative, inflammatory, organelle and cell hypertrophy, generating vicious cycles. Adipocyte hypertrophy, through physical reasons, facilitates cell rupture, what will evoke an inflammatory reaction. Inability of adipose tissue development to engulf incoming fat leads to deposition in other organs, mainly in the liver, with consequences on insulin resistance. The oxidative stress which accompanies feeding, particularly when there is excessive ingestion of fat and/or other macronutrients without concomitant ingestion of antioxidant-rich foods/beverages, may contribute to inflammation attributed to obesity. Moreover, data on the interaction of microbiota with food and obesity brought new hypothesis for the obesity/fat diet relationship with inflammation. Beyond these, other phenomena, for instance psychological and/or circadian rhythm disturbances, may likewise contribute to oxidative/inflammatory status. The difficulty in the management of obesity/metabolic syndrome is linked to their multifactorial nature where environmental, genetic and psychosocial factors interact through complex networks.
Topics: Adipocytes; Animals; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Inflammation; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity
PubMed: 20706689
DOI: 10.1155/2010/289645 -
Journal of Preventive Medicine and... Jun 2022Metabolic syndrome, also as known as Syndrome X or Insulin Resistance Syndrome, is a complex health problem featuring visceral obesity (the main diagnostic criterion),... (Review)
Review
Metabolic syndrome, also as known as Syndrome X or Insulin Resistance Syndrome, is a complex health problem featuring visceral obesity (the main diagnostic criterion), insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and high blood pressure. Currently, this health condition has gained a momentum globally while raising concerns among health-related communities. The World Health Organization, American Heart Association and International Diabetes Federation have formulated diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome. Diet and nutrition can influence this syndrome: for example, the Western diet is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, whereas the Nordic and Mediterranean diets and the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension are potentially beneficial. The Mediterranean diet can affect the components of metabolic syndrome due to its high dietary fiber, omega 3 and 9 fatty acids, complex carbohydrates, antioxidants, minerals, vitamins and bioactive substances, such as polyphenols. These nutrients and bioactive substances can combat obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms by which they do so are generally related to oxidative stress, inflammation (the most common risk factors for metabolic syndrome) and gastrointestinal function. The literature also shows examples of positive effects of the Mediterranean diet on the metabolic syndrome. In this review of the literature, we shed light on the effects, mechanisms and dynamic relationship between the Mediterranean diet and metabolic syndrome.
Topics: United States; Humans; Diet, Mediterranean; Metabolic Syndrome; Insulin Resistance; Hypertension
PubMed: 36479500
DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2S3.2747 -
Nutrients Apr 2020Healthy lifestyle factors, such as physical activity (PA) and Mediterranean diet (MD), decrease the likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Healthy lifestyle factors, such as physical activity (PA) and Mediterranean diet (MD), decrease the likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to report main lifestyle components and related factors according to the MetS severity. Cross-sectional analysis was done of baseline lifestyle factors from 5739 participants with overweight/obesity and MetS features (aged 55-75 years) included in the PREDIMED-PLUS primary cardiovascular prevention randomized trial. Participants were categorized in tertiles according to a validated MetS severity score (MetSSS). Anthropometrics, visceral adiposity index, dietary nutrient intake, biochemical marker levels, as well as a Dietary Inflammatory Index and depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II) were measured. Diet quality was assessed using a 17-item energy-restricted MD questionnaire. Duration and intensity of PA was self-reported using the Minnesota-REGICOR Short Physical Activity Questionnaire. Sedentary behaviours were measured using the Spanish version of the Nurses' Health Study questionnaire. The 30 s chair stand test was also assessed. Participants with highest MetSSS showed higher values of cardiovascular risk factors (except for total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol), depression risk, sedentary and TV viewing time, and lower moderate and vigorous leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). Highest MetSSS participants tended to a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and tended to lower MD adherence. In addition, they showed lower carbohydrate and nut intake and higher intake of protein, saturated and trans fatty acids, cholesterol, iodine, sodium, red and processed meat products, other oils different from olive oil and spirit alcoholic drinks. The highest MetS severity score was associated with lower moderate and vigorous LTPA and higher sedentary time and depression risk, as they tended to a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and lower MD adherence.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Energy Intake; Exercise; Female; Food Preferences; Humans; Leisure Activities; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Sedentary Behavior; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 32272653
DOI: 10.3390/nu12041013 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with digestive system diseases, and recent observational studies have suggested an association between MetS and...
BACKGROUND
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with digestive system diseases, and recent observational studies have suggested an association between MetS and cholelithiasis. However, the causal relationship between them remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the causal effect of MetS on cholelithiasis using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
METHODS
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MetS and its components were extracted from the public genetic variation summary database. The inverse variance weighting method (IVW), weighted median method, and MR-Egger regression were used to evaluate the causal relationship. A sensitivity analysis was performed to ensure the stability of the results.
RESULTS
IVW showed that MetS increased the risk of cholelithiasis (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.13-1.46, P = 9.70E-05), and the weighted median method had the same result (OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.22-1.83, P = 5.68E-05). In exploring the causal relationship between MetS components and cholelithiasis, waist circumference (WC) was significantly associated with cholelithiasis. IVW analysis (OR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.34-1.65, P = 1.15E-13), MR-Egger regression (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.15-2.28, P = 0.007), and weighted median (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.47-2.04, P = 1.62E-11) all found the same results.
CONCLUSION
Our study indicated that MetS increases the incidence of cholelithiasis, especially in MetS patients with abdominal obesity. Control and treatment of MetS can effectively reduce the risk of gallstone formation.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Gallstones; Obesity; Causality
PubMed: 37361524
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1180903 -
EBioMedicine Dec 2021Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Identifying novel...
BACKGROUND
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Identifying novel biomarkers of MetS and their genetic associations could provide insights into the mechanisms of cardiometabolic diseases.
METHODS
Potential MetS-associated metabolites were screened and internally validated by untargeted metabolomics analyses among 693 patients with MetS and 705 controls. External validation was conducted using two well-established targeted metabolomic methods among 149 patients with MetS and 253 controls. The genetic associations of metabolites were determined by linear regression using our previous genome-wide SNP data. Causal relationships were assessed using a one-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach.
FINDINGS
Nine metabolites were ultimately found to be associated with MetS or its components. Five metabolites, including LysoPC(14:0), LysoPC(15:0), propionyl carnitine, phenylalanine, and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) were selected to construct a metabolite risk score (MRS), which was found to have a dose-response relationship with MetS and metabolic abnormalities. Moreover, MRS displayed a good ability to differentiate MetS and metabolic abnormalities. Three SNPs (rs11635491, rs7067822, and rs1952458) were associated with LysoPC(15:0). Two SNPs, rs1952458 and rs11635491 were found to be marginally correlated with several MetS components. MR analyses showed that a higher LysoPC(15:0) level was causally associated with the risk of overweight/obesity, dyslipidaemia, high uric acid, high insulin and high HOMA-IR.
INTERPRETATION
We identified five metabolite biomarkers of MetS and three SNPs associated with LysoPC(15:0). MR analyses revealed that abnormal LysoPC metabolism may be causally linked the metabolic risk.
FUNDING
This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFC0907004).
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Early Diagnosis; Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Linear Models; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Male; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Metabolic Syndrome; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 34801968
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103707 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2021Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and infertility are two afflictions with a high prevalence in the general population. MetS is a global health problem increasing worldwide,... (Review)
Review
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and infertility are two afflictions with a high prevalence in the general population. MetS is a global health problem increasing worldwide, while infertility affects up to 12% of men. Despite the high prevalence of these conditions, the possible impact of MetS on male fertility has been investigated by a few authors only in the last decade. In addition, underlying mechanism(s) connecting the two conditions have been investigated in few preclinical studies. The aim of this review is to summarize and critically discuss available clinical and preclinical studies on the role of MetS (and its treatment) in male fertility. An extensive Medline search was performed identifying studies in the English language. While several studies support an association between MetS and hypogonadism, contrasting results have been reported on the relationship between MetS and semen parameters/male infertility, and the available studies considered heterogeneous MetS definitions and populations. So far, only two meta-analyses in clinical and preclinical studies, respectively, evaluated this topic, reporting a negative association between MetS and sperm parameters, testosterone and FSH levels, advocating, however, larger prospective investigations. In conclusion, a possible negative impact of MetS on male reproductive potential was reported; however, larger studies are needed.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Prevalence; Reproduction; Semen
PubMed: 33671459
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041988 -
Neurobiology of Disease Feb 2020
Topics: Aging; Animals; Brain; Cognition; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome
PubMed: 31786368
DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104698 -
Acta Medica Indonesiana Oct 2010
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Global Health; Health Behavior; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Population Surveillance; Risk Factors; Sedentary Behavior; United States
PubMed: 21063037
DOI: No ID Found -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2014
Topics: Antioxidants; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metabolic Syndrome; Neoplasms; Oxidants; Reactive Oxygen Species; Risk Factors
PubMed: 25089168
DOI: 10.1155/2014/178962