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Journal of Medicine and Life 2014Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease, predominantly affecting the skin, being included in the group of Immune Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Growing evidence... (Review)
Review
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease, predominantly affecting the skin, being included in the group of Immune Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Growing evidence from the last 10 years suggests that several systemic conditions like metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, psychological disorders or inflammatory bowel disease are prevalent in psoriasis patients. The linker might be the chronic secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this current review, the scientific evidence that explains the relationship between psoriasis and the metabolic syndrome in particular will be addressed, as the metabolic syndrome comprises a group of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, thus offering an overall picture of the systemic involvement in psoriasis. An integrated approach, with an early detection and treatment of the components of the metabolic syndrome, are important steps in psoriasis management. Attention should be paid on influence of psoriasis treatment upon comorbidities and vice-versa.
Topics: Comorbidity; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Psoriasis
PubMed: 25713604
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista de Neurologia Jan 2020Nowadays, it is well accepted that obesity and metabolic syndrome are diseases that constitute a global public health issue. In consequence, the interest in the study of... (Review)
Review
Nowadays, it is well accepted that obesity and metabolic syndrome are diseases that constitute a global public health issue. In consequence, the interest in the study of the effects these pathologies produce in the central nervous system has greatly increased in the last decades. One of the most overlooked topics in the literature is the impact they exert in sensory systems, among which is olfaction. The olfactory system is related to a number of vital functions, like the activation of defense mechanisms, contribution to appetitive and digestive reflexes, recognition of conspecifics, and even has socio-sexual implications. It has been discovered that the olfactory system also plays a crucial role in food intake, the choice of foods, appetite and satiety mechanisms; therefore, it is involved in obesity development. Clinical studies have proven that obese patients exhibit hyposmia more frequently than aged-matched healthy controls. Olfactory alterations have also been found in obese rodents or in animals with similar features of human metabolic syndrome. The causes of this association are still being investigated. This work reviews the studies that have tried to understand this association from a preclinical and clinical approach as well as those biological mechanisms that could be involved. The evidences here presented suggest that obesity and metabolic syndrome affect the adequate function of olfactory sensory system.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Kv1.3 Potassium Channel; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Olfaction Disorders; Olfactory Perception
PubMed: 31930471
DOI: 10.33588/rn.7002.2019204 -
Journal of Virology Aug 2020Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of severe disease due to viral infection. Yet few studies have assessed the pathogenesis of respiratory viruses in high-risk... (Review)
Review
Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of severe disease due to viral infection. Yet few studies have assessed the pathogenesis of respiratory viruses in high-risk populations. Here, we summarize how metabolic dysregulation impairs immune responses, and we define the role of metabolism during influenza virus and coronavirus infections. We also discuss the use of various , , and models to elucidate the contributions of host factors to viral susceptibility, immunity, and disease severity.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Coronavirus Infections; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Influenza, Human; Metabolic Syndrome
PubMed: 32661141
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00665-20 -
Annals of Agricultural and... 2014Researchers' opinions are divided on whether metabolic syndrome is a separate clinical entity. Undoubtedly, the components of the syndrome, such as abdominal obesity,... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
Researchers' opinions are divided on whether metabolic syndrome is a separate clinical entity. Undoubtedly, the components of the syndrome, such as abdominal obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridaemia, adversely affect metabolism, bringing with it a number of consequences, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease which significantly impair the quality of life.
ABBREVIATED DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF KNOWLEDGE
In recent years, much attention has been paid to research on the prevalence of metabolic disorders in mentally ill patients. This is due to a growing awareness that some antipsychotic medications contribute to weight gain in patients suffering from mental illness, and consequently lead to the development of a number of interrelated somatic factors, such as abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridaemia, and hypertension. Weight gain and other metabolic syndrome components have been noticed not only in patients, but also in their families. This paper presents current research on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in people with mental illness. An analysis of the causes of metabolic disorders in this population has been conducted, including the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and cortisol secretion in the development of components of metabolic syndrome.
CONCLUSIONS
Components of the metabolic syndrome are especially observed in mentally ill people. The mechanisms of their formation are not fully understood. A large role in their formation besides the negative effects of antipsychotic medication and specific lifestyle, play a specific dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Undoubtedly, further research and analysis in this area is necessary.
Topics: Humans; Mental Disorders; Metabolic Syndrome; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 25528926
DOI: 10.5604/12321966.1129939 -
Antioxidants & Redox Signaling Jul 2012Epidemiological and animal studies have demonstrated a close link between maternal nutrition and chronic metabolic disease in children and adults. Compelling... (Review)
Review
SIGNIFICANCE
Epidemiological and animal studies have demonstrated a close link between maternal nutrition and chronic metabolic disease in children and adults. Compelling experimental results also indicate that adverse effects of intrauterine growth restriction on offspring can be carried forward to subsequent generations through covalent modifications of DNA and core histones.
RECENT ADVANCES
DNA methylation is catalyzed by S-adenosylmethionine-dependent DNA methyltransferases. Methylation, demethylation, acetylation, and deacetylation of histone proteins are performed by histone methyltransferase, histone demethylase, histone acetyltransferase, and histone deacetyltransferase, respectively. Histone activities are also influenced by phosphorylation, ubiquitination, ADP-ribosylation, sumoylation, and glycosylation. Metabolism of amino acids (glycine, histidine, methionine, and serine) and vitamins (B6, B12, and folate) plays a key role in provision of methyl donors for DNA and protein methylation.
CRITICAL ISSUES
Disruption of epigenetic mechanisms can result in oxidative stress, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and vascular dysfunction in animals and humans. Despite a recognized role for epigenetics in fetal programming of metabolic syndrome, research on therapies is still in its infancy. Possible interventions include: 1) inhibition of DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, and microRNA expression; 2) targeting epigenetically disturbed metabolic pathways; and 3) dietary supplementation with functional amino acids, vitamins, and phytochemicals.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Much work is needed with animal models to understand the basic mechanisms responsible for the roles of specific nutrients in fetal and neonatal programming. Such new knowledge is crucial to design effective therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating metabolic abnormalities in offspring born to mothers with a previous experience of malnutrition.
Topics: Animals; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Humans; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Metabolic Syndrome; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
PubMed: 22044276
DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4381 -
American Journal of Transplantation :... Jan 2010The metabolic syndrome is proposed as a cluster of known cardiovascular risk factors, interrelated by a common pathophysiological defect, that symbolize a heightened... (Review)
Review
The metabolic syndrome is proposed as a cluster of known cardiovascular risk factors, interrelated by a common pathophysiological defect, that symbolize a heightened metabolic burden. Advocates of the concept argue that it is a predictor for both diabetes and cardiovascular disease, complications of great importance posttransplantation. The abundant medical literature on the topic is now expanding into the field of transplantation with evidence linking the metabolic syndrome to adverse patient and graft outcomes. Although the implications posttransplantation are significant, controversy surrounds the concept and the topic has not previously been reviewed in the context of solid-organ transplantation. The purpose of this review is to update transplant clinicians with our current understanding of the metabolic syndrome, review the transplantation literature and examine the controversies surrounding the concept.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Transplants
PubMed: 19958337
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02882.x -
Nutrients Apr 2023The controversy over the link between noodle consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS) persists. Using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we aimed to...
The controversy over the link between noodle consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS) persists. Using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we aimed to examine the potential causal relationship between noodle consumption and the risk of MetS and its components in adult populations of city hospital-based ( = 58,701) and Ansan/Ansung plus rural (AAR; = 13,598) cohorts. The instrumental variables were assigned with genetic variants associated with low- and high-noodle intake (cutoff: 130 g/day) by a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with < 5 × 10 and linkage disequilibrium (r = 0.001), following adjustment for covariates related to MetS, in the city cohort. MR-Egger, inverse-variance weighted (IVW), and weighted median were applied to investigate the causal association of noodle intake with MetS risk in the AAR. The quality of the MR results was checked with leave-one-out sensitivity and heterogeneity analyses. A higher energy intake with lower carbohydrates and higher fats, proteins, and higher sodium and a lower intake of calcium, vitamin D, vitamin C, and flavonoids were shown in the high-noodle group, indicating poor diet quality. The glycemic index and glycemic load of daily meals were much higher in the high-noodle intake group than in the low-noodle intake group. In the observational studies, not only the total noodle intake but also the different types of noodle intake were also positively associated with MetS risk. In the MR analysis, high-noodle intake elevated MetS, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and abdominal obesity in an IVW model ( < 0.05) but not the MR-Egger model. No single genetic variant among the instrumental variables changed their relationship in the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. No likelihood of horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity was exhibited in the association between noodle intake and MetS. In conclusion, noddle intake had a positive causal association with MetS and its components in Asian adults.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Obesity; Vitamins
PubMed: 37432232
DOI: 10.3390/nu15092091 -
Nutrients Dec 2019The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors that identifies people at increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.... (Review)
Review
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors that identifies people at increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. While the global prevalence is 20%-25% of the adult population, the prevalence varies across different racial/ethnic populations. In this narrative review, evidence is reviewed regarding the assessment, management and prevention of MetS among people of different racial/ethnic groups. The most popular definition of MetS considers race/ethnicity for assessing waist circumference given differences in visceral adipose tissue and cardiometabolic risk. However, defining race/ethnicity may pose challenges in the clinical setting. Despite 80% of the world's population being of non-European descent, the majority of research on management and prevention has focused on European-derived populations. In these studies, lifestyle management has proven an effective therapy for reversal of MetS, and randomised studies are underway in specific racial/ethnic groups. Given the large number of people at risk for MetS, prevention efforts need to focus at community and population levels. Community-based interventions have begun to show promise, and efforts to improve lifestyle behaviours through alterations in the built environment may be another avenue. However, careful consideration needs to be given to take into account the unique cultural context of the target race/ethnic group.
Topics: Diet; Exercise; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31861719
DOI: 10.3390/nu12010015 -
The Veterinary Record Aug 2015Laminitis is one of the most common and frustrating clinical presentations in equine practice. While the principles of treatment for laminitis have not changed for... (Review)
Review
Laminitis is one of the most common and frustrating clinical presentations in equine practice. While the principles of treatment for laminitis have not changed for several decades, there have been some important paradigm shifts in our understanding of laminitis. Most importantly, it is essential to consider laminitis as a clinical sign of disease and not as a disease in its own right. Once this shift in thinking has occurred, it is logical to then question what disease caused the laminitis. More than 90 per cent of horses presented with laminitis as their primary clinical sign will have developed it as a consequence of endocrine disease; most commonly equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). Given the fact that many horses will have painful protracted and/or chronic recurrent disease, a good understanding of the predisposing factors and how to diagnose and manage them is crucial. Current evidence suggests that early diagnosis and effective management of EMS should be a key aim for practising veterinary surgeons to prevent the devastating consequences of laminitis. This review will focus on EMS, its diagnosis and management.
Topics: Animals; Early Diagnosis; Foot Diseases; Horse Diseases; Horses; Inflammation; Metabolic Syndrome
PubMed: 26273009
DOI: 10.1136/vr.103226 -
Nutrients Dec 2017(1) Background: Dietary fiber intake may provide beneficial effects on the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, observational studies reported inconsistent... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
(1) Background: Dietary fiber intake may provide beneficial effects on the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, observational studies reported inconsistent results for the relationship between dietary fiber intake and MetS risk. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify previous observational studies and a narrative review to summarize mechanisms involved in the potential relationship. (2) Methods: The literature was searched on PubMed and Web of Science until 28 November 2017. A random-effects model was used to calculate the summary risk estimates. Eleven cross-sectional studies and three cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results from the original studies were reported as odds ratios (ORs) or relative ratios (RRs) of the MetS associated with different levels of dietary fiber intake, and the ORs/RRs comparing the highest with lowest categories of the intake were pooled. (3) Results: For the cross-sectional studies, the pooled OR was 0.70 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61-0.82) with evidence of high heterogeneity (² = 74.4%, < 0.001) and publication bias ( for Egger's test < 0.001). After removing four studies, results remained significant (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58-0.78) and the heterogeneity was largely reduced (² = 32.4%, = 0.181). For the cohort studies, the pooled RR was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.70-1.06). (4) Conclusion: Although the meta-analysis suggests an inverse association between dietary fiber intake and risk of MetS, and the association was supported by a wide range of mechanism studies, the findings are limited by insufficient cohort data. More prospective studies are needed to further verify the association between dietary fiber intake and the risk of MetS.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Odds Ratio; Protective Factors; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29278406
DOI: 10.3390/nu10010024