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Vascular Health and Risk Management 2006The inflammatory component of atherogenesis has been increasingly recognized over the last decade. Inflammation participates in all stages of atherosclerosis, not only... (Review)
Review
The inflammatory component of atherogenesis has been increasingly recognized over the last decade. Inflammation participates in all stages of atherosclerosis, not only during initiation and during evolution of lesions, but also with precipitation of acute thrombotic complications. The metabolic syndrome is associated with increased risk for development of both cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes in humans. Central obesity and insulin resistance are thought to represent common underlying factors of the syndrome, which features a chronic low-grade inflammatory state. Diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome occurs using defined threshold values for waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting glucose and dyslipidemia. The metabolic syndrome appears to affect a significant proportion of the population. Therapeutic approaches that reduce the levels of proinflammatory biomarkers and address traditional risk factors are particularly important in preventing cardiovascular disease and, potentially, diabetes. The primary management of metabolic syndrome involves healthy lifestyle promotion through moderate calorie restriction, moderate increase in physical activity and change in dietary composition. Treatment of individual components aims to control atherogenic dyslipidemia using fibrates and statins, elevated blood pressure, and hyperglycemia. While no single treatment for the metabolic syndrome as a whole yet exists, emerging therapies offer potential as future therapeutic approaches.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Inflammation; Metabolic Syndrome; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 17319458
DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.2006.2.2.145 -
Clinical Cardiology Nov 2013Metabolic syndrome represents a cluster of atherogenic risk factors including hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Considering that all of these... (Review)
Review
Metabolic syndrome represents a cluster of atherogenic risk factors including hypertension, insulin resistance, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Considering that all of these risk factors could influence the development of atrial fibrillation, an association between atrial fibrillation and the metabolic syndrome has been suggested. Additionally, oxidative stress and inflammation have been involved in the pathogenesis of both metabolic syndrome and atrial fibrillation. The mechanisms that relate metabolic syndrome to the increased risk of atrial fibrillation occurrence are not completely understood. Metabolic syndrome and atrial fibrillation are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Because atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia, and along with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome constantly increasing, it would be very important to determine the relationship between these 2 entities, especially due to the fact that the risk factors of metabolic syndrome are mainly correctable. This review focused on the available evidence supporting the association between metabolic syndrome components and metabolic syndrome as a clinical entity with atrial fibrillation.
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiovascular Agents; Comorbidity; Humans; Life Style; Metabolic Syndrome; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction Behavior; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 23788255
DOI: 10.1002/clc.22163 -
Revista Espanola de Sanidad... 2020
Topics: Comorbidity; Fatty Liver; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Prisoners; Risk Factors; Spain
PubMed: 32697274
DOI: 10.18176/resp.00010 -
Clinical Cardiology Jul 2022We investigated the association between individual components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and left ventricular (LV) geometric changes, including diastolic dysfunction,...
BACKGROUND
We investigated the association between individual components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and left ventricular (LV) geometric changes, including diastolic dysfunction, in a large cohort of healthy individuals.
METHODS
Overall, 148 461 adults who underwent echocardiography during a health-screening program were enrolled. Geographic characteristics on echocardiography and several markers of LV relaxation function were identified according to individual MetS components. Univariate linear regression analysis and a multivariate regression model adjusted for factors known to influence LV relaxation function were conducted.
RESULTS
The prevalence of LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) was higher in the MetS group than in the non-MetS group (0.56% vs. 0.27%, p < .001). In univariate and multivariate analyses, E/A ratio, e' velocity, and left atrial volume index were significantly associated with each component of MetS and covariates (all p ≤ .001). In the age- and sex-adjusted model, MetS was significantly associated with LVDD (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.350 [1.103, 1.652]). However, subjects with more MetS components did not have a significantly higher risk of LVDD. As the analysis was stratified by sex, the multivariate regression model showed that MetS was significantly associated with LVDD only in men (1.3 [1.00, 1.68]) with higher risk in more MetS component (p for trend < .001). In particular, triglyceride (TG) and waist circumference (WC) among MetS components were significantly associated with LVDD in men.
CONCLUSIONS
MetS was associated with the risk of LVDD, especially in men, with a dose-dependent association between an increasing number of components of MetS and LVDD. TG and WC were independent risk factors for LVDD in men.
Topics: Adult; Diastole; Echocardiography; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left; Ventricular Function, Left
PubMed: 35502633
DOI: 10.1002/clc.23838 -
BMC Urology Nov 2023Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is considered the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in men aged 40 years and older. BPH is related to sex steroids,... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is considered the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in men aged 40 years and older. BPH is related to sex steroids, but there are increasing studies investigating the relationship between the urinary symptoms and the metabolic syndrome. They still have inconsistent results; some reported a significant positive association, while others found no significant association. In this study, we aim to assess the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome in BPH patients and whether there is an association between symptoms linked to BPH and metabolic syndrome in the Syrian community.
METHODS
The participants of this observational cross-sectional study were benign prostatic hyperplasia patients aged 40-year-old and older from Homs, Syria. An interview questionnaire was performed to collect data from all patients who visited the urology clinic of Homs Military Hospital in the period of January 10 to March 10, 2023. We used the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) to assess the urinary symptoms, and we used the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (NCEP ATPIII) criteria to define the metabolic syndrome.
RESULTS
The final sample size was 426 patients. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 46.2%. Patients with metabolic syndrome had higher International Prostate Symptom Score compared to patients without metabolic syndrome (21 vs. 18, P < 0.001), and 59.3% of patients with metabolic syndrome suffered from severe symptoms compared to 36.2% of patients without metabolic syndrome who suffered from severe lower urinary tract symptoms (P < 0.001). There was a positive association between (waist circumference, diabetes, triglycerides) (P < 0.001), HDL (P = 0.014) and higher International Prostate Symptom Score. However, there was no statistically significant association between blood pressure and International Prostate Symptom Score (P = 0.879).
CONCLUSION
Our results showed that patients with metabolic syndrome had a higher International Prostate Symptom Score. This idea should be used to design a new benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms treatment.
Topics: Male; Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Metabolic Syndrome; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Cross-Sectional Studies; Syria; Prevalence; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
PubMed: 37974176
DOI: 10.1186/s12894-023-01365-9 -
BioMed Research International 2015
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
PubMed: 26078958
DOI: 10.1155/2015/621080 -
BioMed Research International 2022Metabolic syndrome is considered dangerous, especially to patients that are diagnosed with a mental condition such as bipolar disorder, since these types of patients can...
BACKGROUND
Metabolic syndrome is considered dangerous, especially to patients that are diagnosed with a mental condition such as bipolar disorder, since these types of patients can be difficult to deal with. Metabolic syndrome can lead to multiple cardiovascular diseases, strokes, and diabetes. A careful approach is important when it comes to facing a complex condition such as this. This research will contribute to giving more information about the prevalence and statistics of metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder patients at NGHA, Riyadh. No published study in literature has investigated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder in NGHA, Riyadh.
METHODS
The study was conducted among 191 adult male (66) and female (125) patients at NGHA, Riyadh. The medical records were used for the assessment of metabolic syndrome and referrals by using a chart review for individuals. The main variables are metabolic syndrome and bipolar disorder. It was conducted on both males and females. Data was collected on data collection form and further analysis on relations was made by using SAS (Version 9.4). Chi-squared test and the Wilcoxon Two-sample test for two-level continuous variables. ≤ 0.05 was determined to be the significance level.
RESULTS
Out of 191 patients, 130 were obese, 85 had diabetes, and 89 were hypertensive. Additionally, 50 (40%) females and 29 (43.9%) males had metabolic syndrome, a total of 79 (41.4%) out of 191.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study indicate that there is an elevated prevalence of metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder patients in NGHA, Riyadh. Highlighting the potential danger that people may not be aware of.
Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Prevalence
PubMed: 35898675
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5847175 -
Journal of Transcultural Nursing :... Nov 2022Asian Americans (AsAms) have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and are one of the least physically active racial groups in America. The purpose of this...
INTRODUCTION
Asian Americans (AsAms) have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and are one of the least physically active racial groups in America. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between MetS and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among AsAm adults and whether acculturation modifies this relationship.
METHOD
Data were from 2,259 AsAms participating in the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Physical activity (PA) was self-reported as minutes of weekly MVPA. Acculturation included nativity, length of residency in America, and language preference. The International Diabetes Federation criteria was used to determine the presence of MetS.
RESULTS
About 64.4% of AsAms did not meet the PA recommendation (MVPA ≥150 min/week). The prevalence of MetS was 39.2%. The odds of having MetS were greater among AsAms who did not meet MVPA recommendations compared with those who did meet MVPA recommendations (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.11, 2.07]). When stratified by acculturation, this association remained statistically significant in the groups who immigrated to America more than 15 years ago and who spoke English only.
CONCLUSION
MVPA reduces MetS risk in AsAm adults, especially among more acculturated AsAms. Culturally adapted programs are warranted to promote PA and adequate knowledge of disease prevention in this population.
Topics: Acculturation; Adult; Asian; Exercise; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Nutrition Surveys
PubMed: 35924549
DOI: 10.1177/10436596221114150 -
The International Journal of... Oct 2018Metabolic syndrome, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, is recognized as an important health problem.
BACKGROUND
Metabolic syndrome, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, is recognized as an important health problem.
OBJECTIVE
To investigated whether the workplace environment was associated with metabolic syndrome.
METHODS
This study was a cross-sectional study using medical records and workplace environment reports of 1297 blue-collar Korean male workers who exposed to work hazards in one workplace. The metabolic syndrome was confirmed using the NCEP ATP III. The workplace environment was classified into organic compounds, metals, acids and bases, metalworking fluid, dust, noise and shift worker.
RESULTS
Among the total subjects, 257 (19.8%) had metabolic syndrome. Age, BMI, current smoking status, and at risk alcohol drinking were found to be significant predictors of metabolic syndrome. In seven workplace environment categories, the odds ratio (OR) of metabolic syndrome increased 1.785 (95% CI 1.058 to 3.013) times in the metalworking fluid environment.
CONCLUSION
The workplace environment, especially metalworking fluid is associated with metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Occupational Medicine; Risk Factors; Workplace
PubMed: 30325358
DOI: 10.15171/ijoem.2018.1346 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Aug 2020Evidence suggests low-grade inflammation as the cause of metabolic syndrome and suggests diet as a promoter of chronic inflammation.
BACKGROUND
Evidence suggests low-grade inflammation as the cause of metabolic syndrome and suggests diet as a promoter of chronic inflammation.
OBJECTIVE
We evaluated the association between inflammatory diets and the development of metabolic syndrome in Mexican adults.
METHODS
A total of 399 participants of the Health Workers Cohort Study were included in this study. The follow-up period was 13 y. Metabolic syndrome definition was the presence of ≥3 of the following components: waist circumference ≥102 cm for males or ≥88 cm for females, blood pressure ≥130 mmHg for systolic or ≥85 mmHg for diastolic, HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dL for males and <50 mg/dL for females; triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, and glucose ≥100 mg/dL. To evaluate the inflammatory potential of the diet we used the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), which was divided into quartiles. To assess the risk of metabolic syndrome we estimated HRs and 95% CIs using Cox proportional hazards models.
RESULTS
After adjustment for potential confounders, we found a positive association between participants in the highest quartile (Q) of DII and the incidence of metabolic syndrome (HRQ4vsQ1 = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.85; P-trend = 0.04) over a period of 13 y. When we divided the metabolic syndrome by its components, we found that participants in the highest quartile of DII were associated with hypertriglyceridemia (HRQ4vsQ1 = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.13, 4.57; P-trend = 0.01), hypertension (HRQ4vsQ1 = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.03, 4.77; P-trend = 0.032), and abdominal obesity (HRQ4vsQ1 = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.06, 6.79; P-trend = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS
A highly inflammatory diet is associated with metabolic syndrome, hypertension, abdominal obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia. Further studies are needed to corroborate the role of inflammation and diet in the development of metabolic syndrome; yet, a reduction in dietary components that have been linked to inflammation is desirable.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol, HDL; Cohort Studies; Diet; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Mexican Americans; Middle Aged; Triglycerides
PubMed: 32511694
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa135