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Academic Emergency Medicine : Official... Apr 2022
Topics: Fractures, Bone; Humans; Metacarpal Bones
PubMed: 34751989
DOI: 10.1111/acem.14413 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2022Up to now, there is only limited information available on a possible relationship between clinical characteristics and the mineralization of metacarpal bones and finger...
Up to now, there is only limited information available on a possible relationship between clinical characteristics and the mineralization of metacarpal bones and finger joint space distance (JSD) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Computerized digital imaging techniques like digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) and computer-aided joint space analysis (CAJSA) have significantly improved the structural analysis of hand radiographs and facilitate the recognition of radiographic damage. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical features which potentially influence periarticular mineralization of the metacarpal bones and finger JSD in PsA-patients. 201 patients with PsA underwent computerized measurements of the metacarpal bone mineral density (BMD) with DXR and JSD of all finger joints by CAJSA. DXR-BMD and JSD were compared with clinical features such as age and sex, disease duration, C-reactive protein (CRP) as well as treatment with prednisone and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). A longer disease duration and an elevated CRP value were associated with a significant reduction of DXR-BMD, whereas JSD-parameters were not affected by both parameters. DXR-BMD was significantly reduced in the prednisone group (-0.0383 g/cm²), but prednisone showed no impact on finger JSD. Patients under the treatment with bDMARDs presented significant lower DXR-BMD (-0.380 g/cm²), JSD (-0.0179 cm), and JSD (-0.0121 cm) values. Metacarpal BMD was influenced by inflammatory activity, prednisone use, and DMARDs. In contrast, finger JSD showed only a change compared to baseline therapy. Therefore, metacarpal BMD as well as finger JSD represent radiographic destruction under different aspects.
Topics: Humans; Arthritis, Psoriatic; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Prednisone; Antirheumatic Agents; Bone Density; Absorptiometry, Photon
PubMed: 36344592
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23555-5 -
Hand (New York, N.Y.) Mar 2022The purpose of this study was to investigate variations in radiographic metacarpal anatomy as it relates to intramedullary (IM) fixation of metacarpal fractures and to...
The purpose of this study was to investigate variations in radiographic metacarpal anatomy as it relates to intramedullary (IM) fixation of metacarpal fractures and to compare this anatomy with available headless screw dimensions. We radiographically analyzed posteroanterior and lateral (LAT) radiographs of 120 metacarpals across 30 patients without structural abnormalities. Primary outcomes included IM isthmus diameter, isthmus location, metacarpal cascade, and head entry point collinear with IM canal. Measurements were compared with a list of commercially available headless screws used for IM fixation. The average largest isthmus diameter was in the small metacarpal (3.4 mm), followed by the index (2.8 mm), long (2.7 mm), and ring (2.7 mm) metacarpals. The average cascade angle between long and index, long and ring, and long and small metacarpals was 0°, 24°, and 27°, respectively. The appropriate head entry point ranged between 25% and 35% from the dorsal surface of the metacarpal head on a LAT view. The retrograde isthmus location of the index and long finger was 39.2 and 38.1 mm, respectively. Twenty-five screws from 7 manufacturers were analyzed with sizes ranging from 1.7 to 4.5 mm. Only 8 of 17 screws between 2.3 and 3.5 mm had a length range above 35 mm. Metacarpal head entry point and cascade angle can help identify the appropriate reduction with the guide pin starting point in the dorsal 25% to 35% of the metacarpal head. Surgeons should be mindful to choose the appropriate fixation system in light of the variations between metacarpal isthmus size, isthmus location, and available screw lengths.
Topics: Bone Screws; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Fractures, Bone; Hand Injuries; Humans; Metacarpal Bones
PubMed: 32432499
DOI: 10.1177/1558944720919897 -
International Journal of Surgery... May 2023Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the metacarpal head is a rare disease that may lead to progressive destruction of the metacarpophalangeal joint and hand function. This study... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the metacarpal head is a rare disease that may lead to progressive destruction of the metacarpophalangeal joint and hand function. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology, possible risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment of the rare condition of avascular necrosis of the metacarpal head.
METHODS
Articles were searched using the subject words "Dieterich disease","Mauclaire's disease", and "avascular necrosis of metacarpal head" in the PubMed and Scopus databases. Studies were retained for review after meeting the inclusion criteria. Those outcomes relevant to diagnose and assessing AVN of the metacarpal head and those related to curative management were extracted.
RESULTS
The literature search revealed 45 studies with 55 patients. Although the aetiology of osteonecrosis has not been clearly delineated, AVN of the metacarpal head most commonly arises from trauma but other risk factors may also be involved. Plain radiographs are often negative and therefore likely to be missed. Early-stage osteonecrosis of the metacarpal head was best assessed using MRI. Given the rarity of this condition, there is no clear consensus on the treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Avascular necrosis of the metacarpal head should be considered in the differential diagnosis of painful metacarpophalangeal joints. An early understanding of this unusual disease will provide an optimal clinical outcome, restoring joint activity, and resolving pain. Nonoperative treatment cannot cure all patients. Surgical management is based on the patient and lesion characteristics.
Topics: Humans; Metacarpal Bones; Metacarpus; Osteonecrosis; Radiography; Arthralgia
PubMed: 37042565
DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000377 -
Veterinary Surgery : VS Jul 2021To determine the effect of a novel scaffold, designed for use in bone regeneration, on healing of splint bone segmental defects in mares.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of a novel scaffold, designed for use in bone regeneration, on healing of splint bone segmental defects in mares.
STUDY DESIGN
In vivo experimental study.
SAMPLE POPULATION
Five adult mares (4-10 years old; mean weight, 437.7 kg ± 29 kg).
METHODS
Bilateral 2-cm full-thickness defects were created in the fourth metacarpal bones (MCIV) of each horse. Each defect was randomly assigned to either a novel scaffold treatment (n = 5) or an untreated control (n = 5). The scaffold was composed of polyurethane, hydroxyapatite, and decellularized bone particles. Bone healing was assessed for a period of 60 days by thermography, ultrasonography, radiography, and computed tomography (CT). Biopsies of each defect were performed 60 days after surgery for histological evaluation.
RESULTS
On the basis of radiographic analysis, scaffold-treated defects had greater filling (67.42% ± 26.7%) compared with untreated defects (35.88% ± 32.7%; P = .006). After 60 days, CT revealed that the density of the defects treated with the scaffolds (807.80 ± 129.6 Hounsfield units [HU]) was greater than density of the untreated defects (464.80 ± 81.3 HU; P = .004). Evaluation of histology slides provided evidence of bone formation within an average of 9.43% ± 3.7% of the cross-sectional area of scaffolds in contrast to unfilled defects in which connective tissue was predominant throughout the biopsy specimens.
CONCLUSION
The novel scaffold was biocompatible and supported bone formation within the MCIV segmental defects.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This novel scaffold offers an effective option for filling bone voids in horses when support of bone healing is indicated.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Regeneration; Bone and Bones; Durapatite; Female; Guided Tissue Regeneration; Horse Diseases; Horses; Metacarpal Bones; Polyurethanes; Tissue Scaffolds; Wound Healing
PubMed: 33948951
DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13608 -
The Journal of Hand Surgery Jan 2022A patient presented with an abducted little finger due to the avulsion of the third volar interosseous muscle. For treatment, we transferred the fourth dorsal... (Review)
Review
A patient presented with an abducted little finger due to the avulsion of the third volar interosseous muscle. For treatment, we transferred the fourth dorsal interosseous muscle arising from the ulnar side of the fourth metacarpal bone to the lateral band of the little finger.
Topics: Fingers; Humans; Metacarpal Bones; Muscles; Tendon Transfer; Ulnar Artery
PubMed: 34147318
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2021.05.006 -
European Journal of Pediatrics Jun 2023Hand fractures represent commonly encountered injuries in pediatric patients. However, due to modern means of mobility and product safety, the occurrence and...
Hand fractures represent commonly encountered injuries in pediatric patients. However, due to modern means of mobility and product safety, the occurrence and distribution of these fractures have changed during the last decades. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to present an update of the epidemiology, pattern, and treatment of hand fractures in a large pediatric cohort. All patients aged between 0 and 17 years treated in our Department in 2019 with fractures of the phalanges, metacarpus, or carpus were included. The medical records were reviewed for age, gender, injury mechanism, fracture localization, season, and treatment. Patients were divided into three different age groups (0-5, 6-12, and 13-17 years). A total of 731 patients with 761 hand fractures were treated during the 1-year study period. The mean age was 11.1 ± 3.5 years, and the majority was male (65%). Male patients were significantly older compared to female patients (p = 0.008). Also, 78.7% of the fractures affected the phalanges, 17.6% the metacarpals, and 3.7% the carpal bones. The proximal phalanges were the most commonly fractured bones (41.5%). Patients with fractures of the carpus were significantly older compared to children sustaining fractures of the metacarpus or phalangeal bones (p < 0.001). Sixteen percent of our patients were treated surgically; these patients were significantly older compared to conservatively treated patients (p = 0.011). Conclusion: The epidemiology, mechanisms of injury, distribution, and treatment of hand fractures significantly varies among different age groups. This knowledge is of importance for educational purposes of younger colleagues entrusted with care of children and adolescents as well as development of effective prevention strategies. What is Known: • Pediatric hand fractures represent the second most common fractures in children. • The epidemiology of pediatric hand fractures has changed during the last decades and therefore there is a need for an update regarding distribution and epidemiology of pediatric hand fractures. What is New: • In this retrospective cohort study, 761 pediatric hand fractures of 731 patients were analyzed in detail. • The main mechanisms of younger patients were entrapment injuries, older children most commonly sustained their fractures due to ball sport injuries. There was an increasing rate of metacarpal and carpal fractures with increasing age, and these fractures had to be treated operatively more often than phalangeal fractures.
Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Adolescent; Female; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Child, Preschool; Retrospective Studies; Fractures, Bone; Metacarpal Bones; Finger Phalanges; Hand Injuries
PubMed: 37016042
DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04915-3 -
Indian Journal of Orthopaedics 2016Unstable fractures of the metacarpal and phalangeal bones of the hand need surgical stabilization which should be rigid enough for early active mobilization....
BACKGROUND
Unstable fractures of the metacarpal and phalangeal bones of the hand need surgical stabilization which should be rigid enough for early active mobilization. Conventional methods of open reduction and stabilization in the form of composite fixation or screws with or without plates have served the purpose but can be definitely improvised addressing both biological and mechanical principles of fixation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
34 patients (29 males and 5 females) with an average age of 32 years (range 10-64 years) with unstable fractures of the metacarpal and phalangeal bones of hand who were treated with the modified bone tie between June 2009 and June 2013 were included in this study. 42 fractures, involving the 31 metacarpals and 11 phalanges were included. We have not used this technique in fractures involving the terminal phalanges. Thirty nine of the fractures were treated with K-wires along with the modified bone tie, whereas the other two cases were treated with modified bone tie alone and in one case the bone tie has been used along with the external fixator. The nature of injuries were Road Traffic Accident (n = 24), domestic/industrial injuries (n = 8) and blast (n = 2) injuries. Etiology was crush (n = 24), blunt (n = 7) and incised (n = 3) injuries, respectively. Twenty seven patients were involved with single fractures (either metacarpal or the phalanges), 6 patients had two fractures (both metacarpals or phalanges or one each of metacarpal and phalanx), and 1 patient had three fractures in this study. Dominant hand was involved in 14 patients (40%).
RESULTS
We achieved excellent to good results in 83% of 42 fractures within an average period of 10 weeks. Postoperative grip strength of 85% was achieved with in an average period of 12 weeks. Twenty six (20 metacarpals and 6 phalanges) of the 42 fractures regained >85% of the total active movements (TAMs) compared to the contralateral side were considered excellent results. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 1 year.
CONCLUSION
This method of composite fixation allowed the surgeon to remove the concomitantly used axial K-wire at or <3 weeks clearly explaining the biomechanical basis for better results with minimum complication rates.
PubMed: 27293294
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5413.181796 -
Sovremennye Tekhnologii V Meditsine 2020was to present a clinical and anatomical rationale for transplantation of skin-bone grafts with microvascular anastomoses for treating terminal and segmental defects of...
UNLABELLED
was to present a clinical and anatomical rationale for transplantation of skin-bone grafts with microvascular anastomoses for treating terminal and segmental defects of the hand and fingers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Finger and metacarpal bones were reconstructed in 25 hands of 25 patients by transplanting skin-bone tubular fragments with microvascular anastomoses. Transplants from the second metatarsal bone (n=22) and fibula (n=3) were used. Clinical, radiological, morphological, biomechanical, biophysical, and statistical research methods were used. The developed technology is adjustable to individual vascular anatomy of the foot. The proposed use of non-free skin-fat flaps and skin-bone fragments with microvascular anastomoses has been implemented for reconstructing lost segments.
RESULTS
The engraftment of skin-bone fragments was observed in 25 cases. In two cases, partial necrosis of the transplants was detected. Sufficient resistance of the transplanted bone graft to resorption was noted. According to the X-ray evidence, the length of the finger with the metacarpal bone after surgery was 8.44±0.32 cm, in the short term after surgery - 8.10±0.36 cm, and in the long term - 7.87±0.45 cm, indicating mild resorption. We used an individual approach to the transplant selection, which made it possible to obtain generally good long-term results in 3 patients, and satisfactory results - in 22 patients.
CONCLUSION
The study showed the feasibility of transplanting skin-bone fragments with microvascular anastomoses for replacing various anatomical defects of the hand and fingers. The proposed modification takes into account the variability of vascular anatomy of the donor region.
PubMed: 34513033
DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.1.02 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023Shape, size, composition, and function of the bones in the human body vary on the macro, micro and nanoscale. This can influence changes caused by taphonomy and...
Shape, size, composition, and function of the bones in the human body vary on the macro, micro and nanoscale. This can influence changes caused by taphonomy and post-mortem preservation, including DNA. Highly mineralised compact bone is less susceptible to taphonomic factors than porous trabecular bone. Some studies imply that DNA can be better preserved in trabecular bone, due to remnants of the soft tissue or bacteria better digesting organic matter while not digesting DNA. The aim of this study was to understand the differences between compact (diaphyses) and trabecular (epiphyses) bone on a molecular level and thus the reasons for the better preservation of the DNA in the trabecular bone. The powder obtained from epiphyses and diaphyses of metacarpals and metatarsals was analysed using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and compared. Samples with poorest DNA preservation originated from diaphyses, predominantly of metatarsals. They were characterised by higher concentrations of phosphates and crystallinity, while lower collagen quality in comparison to samples with the best DNA preservation. Epiphyses presented higher concentrations of better-preserved collagen while diaphyses had higher concentrations of carbonates and phosphates and higher crystallinity. Due to better-preserved collagen in the epiphyses, the soft tissue remnants hypothesis seems more likely than the bacteria hypothesis.
Topics: Humans; Metatarsal Bones; Metacarpal Bones; Cancellous Bone; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; DNA; Phosphates; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins
PubMed: 37726341
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41259-2