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Acta Crystallographica. Section E,... Sep 2012The green title complex, [Co(2)(CH(3))(2)(C(12)H(21)N(2)Si)(2)], was obtained from bis-{[μ-N-tert-butyl-dimethyl-silyl-N-(pyridin-2-ylmeth-yl)amido]-chloridocobalt(II)}...
The green title complex, [Co(2)(CH(3))(2)(C(12)H(21)N(2)Si)(2)], was obtained from bis-{[μ-N-tert-butyl-dimethyl-silyl-N-(pyridin-2-ylmeth-yl)amido]-chloridocobalt(II)} and methyl-lithium in diethyl ether at 195 K via a metathesis reaction. The dimeric cobalt(II) complex exhibits a crystallographic center of inversion in the middle of the Co(2)N(2) ring (average Co-N = 2.050 Å). The Co(II) atom shows a distorted tetra-hedral coordination sphere. The exocyclic Co-N bond length to the pyridyl group shows a similar value of 2.045 (4) Å. The exocyclic methyl group has a rather long Co-C bond length of 2.019 (5) Å.
PubMed: 22969464
DOI: 10.1107/S1600536812032321 -
Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 2022Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were successfully synthesized by a green method using rosin and zinc chloride as salt precursors. The phase structure, morphology, and...
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were successfully synthesized by a green method using rosin and zinc chloride as salt precursors. The phase structure, morphology, and particle size of ZnO were determined by X-ray powder diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The fabricated ZnO NP samples are crystalline with a grain size of 30-100 nm. The ZnO NPs were used as catalysts for the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) under visible and UV light. The results indicate that the prepared ZnO material excellently removed MB and MO ( = 10 mg/L) with efficiencies of 100% and 82.78%, respectively, after 210 min under UV radiation with a ZnO NP dose of 2 g/L. The photocatalyst activity of the synthesized material was also tested under visible light radiation with the same conditions; however, it achieved lower efficiencies. In addition, ZnO NPs were also tested regarding their antibacterial activity, and the results showed that the prepared ZnO samples had the highest (i.e., 100%) antibacterial efficiency against .
PubMed: 36262177
DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.94 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Aug 2023The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are imperative from the point of view of protecting the environment by employing sustainable options....
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are imperative from the point of view of protecting the environment by employing sustainable options. Considerable research has been carried out in the transportation sector to meet this objective. Here, the influence is assessed of epoxidised gingelly oil methyl ester biolubricant with alumina (AlO) nanoparticles on the performance and emissions of a single cylinder 0.66-L capacity direct injection compression ignition engine driven by gingelly B20 biodiesel. Engine tests are carried out with gingelly B20 biodiesel as a fuel, and gingelly methyl ester (B100), epoxidised gingelly methyl ester (B100E), and epoxidised gingelly methyl ester (B100E) mixed with 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% w/w alumina (AlO) nanoparticles as the lubricant combinations. The results are compared with baseline B20 biodiesel fuel-mineral lubricant operation. The findings indicate that brake thermal efficiency increases by 8.64% for epoxidised gingelly methyl ester (B100E) with 1.0% w/w alumina (AlO) nanoparticle biolubricant in comparison to baseline operation. Considerable reductions in emissions are detected; specifically, reductions of 52.4%, 22.0%, 20.0%, and 34.9%, respectively, are observed for CO, NO, and HC concentrations and smoke opacity for the abovementioned combination as compared to baseline operation. The present work suggests that further research is merited on green fuel-green lubricant combinations. The findings of this study address the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 13.
Topics: Gasoline; Smoke; Biofuels; Vehicle Emissions; Metal Nanoparticles; Esters; Aluminum Oxide
PubMed: 37477812
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28645-z -
RSC Advances May 2022Four magnetite nanoparticle (NP) samples have been greenly synthesized using four aqueous plant extracts, which are (L), (L), (L), and (L). The pH of these extracts...
Preferential and enhanced adsorption of methyl green on different greenly synthesized magnetite nanoparticles: investigation of the influence of the mediating plant extract's acidity.
Four magnetite nanoparticle (NP) samples have been greenly synthesized using four aqueous plant extracts, which are (L), (L), (L), and (L). The pH of these extracts are acidic (5.25, 5.05, 4.63, and 3.69, respectively). The synthesized samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, ATR-FTIR, and UV-Vis. This work aimed to study the preferential and enhanced adsorption of methyl green (MG) on the four greenly synthesized FeO surfaces by coupling three processes: MG adsorption in ambient dark conditions as the first process, followed by the thermocatalysis of the MG/FeO residual solution in the second process, and finally photocatalysis by the UV irradiation of MG/FeO residual solution after carrying out thermocatalysis. The novelty of this study lies in highlighting the influence of the mediating plant extract's acidity on the magnetite NPs' physicochemical characteristics, which impact the preferential and enhanced MG adsorption. The studied physicochemical characteristics are the functional hydroxyl group density on the magnetite surface, grain size, and band gap energy. It was found that the plant extract's acidity has a clear effect on the studied physicochemical properties. The analysis of the FTIR spectra showed that the hydroxyl group densities differ on the four magnetite samples. Furthermore, the calculated grain sizes of the magnetite samples based on XRD spectra data vary from 29.27 to 41.49 nm. The analysis of the UV-Vis spectra of the four magnetite samples showed that the estimated direct band gap energies vary from 2.87 to 2.97 eV. The obtained results showed that the decrease of the mediating plant extract's acidity leads to an increase in the hydroxyl group density on magnetite surfaces, which resulted in an increase in the MG adsorption capacities and yields in the first process of adsorption. Thus, MG adsorption was more preferred on greenly synthesized magnetite surfaces mediated by plant extracts with low acidity ( (L) and (L)). Furthermore, the increase of the plant extract's acidity leads to a decrease in the particle size and an increase in the band gap energy and, therefore, to the decrease of the electron/hole pair recombination speed upon electron excitation. So, magnetite greenly synthesized from a more acidic mediating plant extract showed higher thermo- and photocatalytic activities for MG adsorption ( (L) and (L)). However, under photocatalysis, the enhancement is even more significant compared to thermocatalysis.
PubMed: 35702240
DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01085b -
Chemosphere Nov 2023Microplastics (MPs) and dye pollutants are widespread in aquatic environments. Here, the adsorption characteristics of anionic dye methyl orange (MO) and cationic dye...
Microplastics (MPs) and dye pollutants are widespread in aquatic environments. Here, the adsorption characteristics of anionic dye methyl orange (MO) and cationic dye malachite green (MG) on polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyamide 66 (PA66) MPs were investigated, including kinetics, isotherm equilibrium and thermodynamics. The co-adsorption of MO and MG under different pH was also evaluated. The results reveal that the adsorption process of MO and MG is suitably expounded by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The process can be characterized by two stages: internal diffusion and external diffusion. The isothermal adsorption equilibrium of MO and MG can be effectively described using the Langmuir model, signifying monolayer adsorption. Furthermore, the thermodynamic results indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous with exothermic and endothermic properties, respectively. The results of binary systems reveal that MO dominates the adsorption at low pH (2-5), while MG dominates at high pH (8-10). Strong competitive adsorption was observed between MO and MG in neutral conditions (pH 6-8). The desorption experiments confirm that PA6 and PA66 could serve as potential carriers of MO and MG. The interaction between dyes and polyamide MPs is primarily mediated through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic attraction. The results reveal that PA6 formed more hydrogen bonds with the dyes, resulting in higher adsorption capacity than that of PA66. This difference can be attributed to the disparities in the synthesis process and polymerization method. Our study uncovered the adsorption mechanism of dye pollutants on PA6 and PA66, and provided a more comprehensive theoretical basis for the risk assessment concerning different types of polyamide MPs in aquatic environments.
Topics: Microplastics; Nylons; Plastics; Adsorption; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Thermodynamics; Coloring Agents; Kinetics; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 37574090
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139806 -
Current Research in Food Science 2022Pan-fried green tea (PGT) is an easily acceptable tea drink for general consumers. In this study, volatile profiles and characteristic aroma of 22 representative Chinese...
Characterisation of the volatile compounds profile of Chinese pan-fried green tea in comparison with baked green tea, steamed green tea, and sun-dried green tea using approaches of molecular sensory science.
Pan-fried green tea (PGT) is an easily acceptable tea drink for general consumers. In this study, volatile profiles and characteristic aroma of 22 representative Chinese PGT samples were extracted using stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) analysis, and odour activity value (OAV) calculations. In total, 88 volatile compounds were identified. Alcohols (45%), esters (19%), and ketones (16%) were the dominant volatiles, and geraniol (484.8 μg/kg) was the most abundant volatile component in PGT, followed by trans-β-ionone and linalool. In addition, the differences of aroma characteristics among PGT and other three types of green tea, namely baked green tea, steamed green tea, and sun-dried green tea, were also observed using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and heatmap analysis, and it was found that β-myrcene, methyl salicylate, ()-nerolidol, geraniol, methyl jasmonate were generally present at higher content in PGT. This is the first comprehensive report describing the volatile profiles of Chinese PGT, and the findings from this study can advance our understanding of PGT aroma quality, and provide important theoretical basis for processing and quality control of green tea products.
PubMed: 35856056
DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.06.012 -
Biotechnology Reports (Amsterdam,... Mar 2024Current research endeavours are progressively focussing towards discovering sustainable methods for synthesising eco-friendly materials. In this environment,... (Review)
Review
Current research endeavours are progressively focussing towards discovering sustainable methods for synthesising eco-friendly materials. In this environment, nanotechnology has emerged as a key frontier, especially in bioremediation and biotechnology. A few areas of nanotechnology including membrane technology, sophisticated oxidation processes, and biosensors. It is possible to create nanoparticles (NPs) via physical, chemical, or biological pathways in a variety of sizes and forms. These days, the investigation of plants as substitutes for NP synthesis methods has drawn a lot of interest. Toxic water contaminants such as methyl blue have been shown to be removed upto 70% by nanoparticles. In our article, we aimed at focussing the environmental sustainability and cost-effectiveness towards the green synthesis of nanoparticles. Furthermore it offers a comprehensive thorough summary of green NP synthesis methods which can be distinguished by their ease of use, financial sustainability, and environmentally favourable utilization of plant extracts. This study highlights how green synthesis methods have the potential to transform manufacturing of NPs while adhering to environmental stewardship principles and resource efficiency.
PubMed: 38332899
DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2024.e00830 -
Iranian Journal of Pathology 2020Cell population and turnover are controlled by a balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. Detection of apoptosis in oral cancer contributes to its better...
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE
Cell population and turnover are controlled by a balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. Detection of apoptosis in oral cancer contributes to its better prognosis and improved management. This study aimed to quantify apoptotic cells in leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using methyl green-pyronin (MGP) and hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining.
METHODS
The sample included a total of 130 subjects (comprising 108 males and 22 females). Formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues were used and categorized into three groups of normal oral mucosa (n=10), leukoplakia with dysplasia (n=60), and OSCC (n=60). The number of apoptotic cells and apoptotic index (AI) were calculated after staining with MGP and routine H & E stained slides.
RESULTS
MGP stained the condensed chromatin of apoptotic cells. Statistically significant difference (≤0.001) was observed among various study groups in terms of numbers of AI and apoptotic cells. Also, AI increased with increasing grades of dysplasia, and it was the highest in well differentiated OSCC. Results were statistically significant in both H & E and MGP stained sections (≤0.001). A good correlation was found between MGP and H & E staining results.
CONCLUSION
MGP is more specific and can lead to intense staining for chromatin in apoptotic cells. Accordingly, it can provide a good alternative to H&E in identifying apoptotic cells.
PubMed: 32754214
DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.107263.2115 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Organic dyes with enduring colors which are malodorous are a significant source of environmental deterioration due to their virulent effects on aquatic life and lethal...
Organic dyes with enduring colors which are malodorous are a significant source of environmental deterioration due to their virulent effects on aquatic life and lethal carcinogenic effects on living organisms. In this study, the adsorption of methyl green (MG), a cationic dye, was achieved by using ZIF-67, which has been deemed an effective adsorbent for the removal of contaminants from wastewater. The characterization of ZIF-67 was done by FTIR, XRD, and SEM analysis. The adsorption mechanism and characteristics were investigated with the help of control batch experiments and theoretical studies. The systematical kinetic studies and isotherms were sanctioned with a pseudo-second-order model and a Langmuir model (R = 0.9951), confirming the chemisorption and monolayer interaction process, respectively. The maximum removal capacities of ZIF-67 for MG was 96% at pH = 11 and T = 25 °C. DFT calculations were done to predict the active sites in MG by molecular electrostatic potential (MEP). Furthermore, both Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations were also used to study the adsorption mechanism.
Topics: Wastewater; Water Purification; Methyl Green; Kinetics; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water; Adsorption; Models, Molecular
PubMed: 36500484
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238385 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2019Tea aroma is one of the most important factors affecting the character and quality of tea. Here we describe the practical application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to...
Tea aroma is one of the most important factors affecting the character and quality of tea. Here we describe the practical application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to improve the aroma quality of teas. The changes of selected metabolites during crucial tea processing steps, namely, withering, fixing and rolling, and fermentation, were analyzed. MeJA treatment of tea leaves (12, 24, 48, and 168 h) greatly promotes the aroma quality of green, oolong, and black tea products when comparing with untreated ones (0 h) and as confirmed by sensory evaluation. MeJA modulates the aroma profiles before, during, and after processing. Benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, phenylacetaldehyde, and trans-2-hexenal increased 1.07- to 3-fold in MeJA-treated fresh leaves and the first two maintained at a higher level in black tea and the last two in green tea. This correlates with a decrease in aromatic amino acids by more than twofold indicating a direct relation to tryptophan- and phenylalanine-derived volatiles. MeJA-treated oolong tea was characterized by a more pleasant aroma. Especially the terpenoids linalool and oxides, geraniol, and carvenol increased by more than twofold.
PubMed: 31258544
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00781