-
RSC Advances Nov 2021In this work, we propose a humidity sensor based on methyl green thin film. A surface-type humidity sensor Al/MG/Al was fabricated by depositing methyl green thin film...
In this work, we propose a humidity sensor based on methyl green thin film. A surface-type humidity sensor Al/MG/Al was fabricated by depositing methyl green thin film between aluminum electrodes. The structural, optical and surface morphological properties of the thin film were characterized by XRD, UV Vis and FESEM. The sensing properties with high sensitivity as well as response time 200 s and recovery 60 s of the humidity sensor were investigated by measuring the capacitance and resistance at 1, 10 and 100 kHz with the humidity varying range from 32 to 85% RH. These measured values were analyzed by classical statistics and neutrosophic statistics. As a result, it was observed that neutrosophic statistics were more informative, flexible and adequate than classical statistics for analyzing the measured values of capacitance and resistance.
PubMed: 35493226
DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07087h -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Dimethindene is a selective histamine H antagonist and is commercially available as a racemate. Upon analyzing the synthetic pathways currently available for the...
Dimethindene is a selective histamine H antagonist and is commercially available as a racemate. Upon analyzing the synthetic pathways currently available for the industrial preparation of dimethindene, we set up a sustainable approach for the synthesis of this drug, switching from petroleum-based volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to eco-friendly solvents, such as 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) and cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) belonging to classes 3 and 2, respectively. Beyond decreasing the environmental impact of the synthesis (E-factor: 24.1-54.9 with VOCs; 12.2-22.1 with 2-MeTHF or CPME), this switch also improved the overall yield of the process (from 10% with VOCs to 21-22% with 2-MeTHF or CPME) and remarkably simplified the manual operations, working under milder conditions. Typical metrics applied at the first and second pass, according to the CHEM21 metrics toolkit, were also calculated for the whole synthetic procedure of dimethindene, and the results were compared with those of the classical procedure.
Topics: Dimethindene; Solvents; Methyl Ethers; Histamine
PubMed: 36364422
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217594 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023Rice bran is a rather underutilized by-product of the rice industry that nowadays is far from being valorized. In this study, the lipidomic profile of bran of the...
Rice bran is a rather underutilized by-product of the rice industry that nowadays is far from being valorized. In this study, the lipidomic profile of bran of the Italian rice variety, Roma, has been evaluated through ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Crude lipid extracts were obtained from rice bran treated with different green solvents (1-butanol, ethanol and methyl tert-butyl ether/methanol mixture) in combination with an ultrasonic pre-treatment, and then compared with extracts obtained with standard solvents (chloroform/methanol mixture). Lipid yield, number and type of lipids and composition of prevalent lipid classes extracted were evaluated in order to provide an exhaustive lipid profile of the rice bran and to identify the most efficient green solvent for solid-liquid extractions. Twelve different lipid classes and a maximum of 276 lipids were identified. Ethanol and methyl tert-butyl ether/methanol solvents provided higher lipid extraction yields, the former being the most effective solvent for the extraction of triglycerides and N-acylethanolamines and the latter the most effective for the extraction of diglycerides, phospholipids and ceramides at 4 °C. Moreover, extraction with ethanol at 20 °C gave similar results as at 4 °C in terms of lipid yield and for most of the classes of lipids extracted. Taken together, our results indicate ethanol and methyl tert-butyl ether/methanol as excellent solvents for lipid extraction from rice bran, with the aim to further valorize this food by-product in the perspective of a circular economy.
PubMed: 36673474
DOI: 10.3390/foods12020384 -
ACS Omega Jul 2022An eco-friendly green bio-organic catalyst and low-cost 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1)-ones/thione derivatives have been synthesized using a high-yield, synthetic method a...
Efficient and Recoverable Bio-Organic Catalyst Cysteine for Synthesis, Docking Study, and Antifungal Activity of New Bio-Active 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1)-ones/thiones Under Microwave Irradiation.
An eco-friendly green bio-organic catalyst and low-cost 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1)-ones/thione derivatives have been synthesized using a high-yield, synthetic method a one-pot, three-component process between 4-formylphenyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonate (), thiourea, or urea and ethyl acetoacetate or acetylacetone under microwave irradiation in aqueous media of water and ethanol (3:1 ratio) as a green solvent in the presence of cysteine as a new green bio-organic catalyst. The reaction between compound , 4-(carbamothioylhydrazono) methyl]phenyl 4-methyl benzenesulfonate (), and ethyl acetoacetate or acetylacetone under the same condition afforded novel pyrimidines. Similarly, compound was allowed to react with a mixture of 4-(carbamothioylhydrazono)methyl]phenyl 4-methyl benzenesulfonate () and ethyl acetoacetate or acetylacetone under the same condition to afford pyrimidine derivatives and . Excellent yields (90-98%) were obtained within short reaction times, and problems associated with the toxic solvents used (cost, safety, and pollution) were avoided. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by elemental and spectral analyses. All compounds were studied using molecular docking, and their antifungal activity was investigated.
PubMed: 35811927
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02449 -
ACS Omega Nov 2019A novel mesoporous carbon nanostructured material was prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy,...
A novel mesoporous carbon nanostructured material was prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and X-ray diffractometry. The material demonstrated high-speed and high-adsorption capacities of 827.5 and 2484.5 mg g for methyl orange (MO) and malachite green (MG) dyes in 10 min. The kinetic data were fitted to pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order, external and intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich models, whereas the isotherm data were adjusted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Langmuir-Freundlich isotherms (Sips). It was found that MO and MG adsorption was limited by chemical interactions and mixed diffusion. Besides, the physical process was elucidated through free energy values ( = 2.56 and 0.049 kJ mol for the MO and MG, respectively). Methyl orange adsorption mostly occurred through ion exchange and electrostatic interactions, and at lower MO concentrations, through chemical interactions and surface complexation as well. Malachite green adsorption took place only on lower-energy sites. Thus, it can be concluded that the adsorbent proposed herein possessed high-speed and high-adsorption capacity. Therefore, it can be considered as promising in removing the reported dye pollutants.
PubMed: 31763553
DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02669 -
ACS Applied Polymer Materials Nov 2021Herein, a solvent-based green recycling procedure is reported for recycling thermoset epoxy resins (TERs) and carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites (CFRECs) employing...
Herein, a solvent-based green recycling procedure is reported for recycling thermoset epoxy resins (TERs) and carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites (CFRECs) employing ionic liquids (ILs) and alcohols under mild conditions. With melting points less than 100 °C, ILs are defined as organic salts, typically composed of bulky cations with organic or inorganic counteranions. As a result of their unique physical properties such as low vapor pressure, relatively high thermal stability, and multifunctional tunability, these solvents are often classified as "green solvents" as compared to traditional organic solvents. In this study, swelling and dissolution of TER are evaluated in the presence of pure alkyl-methyl-imidazolium ILs, alcohols, and various mixtures of these co-solvents to determine their swelling and depolymerization capacity at mild temperatures in the absence of catalysts. In these studies, three ILs with different alkyl lengths were evaluated: 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([BMIm][Cl]), 1-hexyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide ([HMIm][Br]), and 1-octyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide ([OMIm][Br]) along with two alcohols: ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol (Gly). The highest swelling capacity of TER at 150 °C was achieved by a combination of [BMIm][Cl] and EG. In addition, swelling and dissolution of TER were evaluated in the presence of several anion variants of 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium ILs with EG. Complete dissolution of both TERs and CFRECs was achieved in 150 min (2.5 h) at 150 °C under atmospheric pressure. Finally, recovery and reuse of the recycled monomer after dissolution were examined. Recovered epoxy monomers employed to synthesize a recycled TER exhibited similar mechanical properties to the parent TER. In addition, it was demonstrated that carbon fibers could be successfully recovered from CFREC using the recycling method detailed in this manuscript.
PubMed: 34796334
DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c00896 -
The Journal of General Physiology Nov 19501. Methyl green ("ethyl green") C. I. Number 685 was examined and found to behave identically with methyl green C. I. Number 684 (no longer available) in respect to...
1. Methyl green ("ethyl green") C. I. Number 685 was examined and found to behave identically with methyl green C. I. Number 684 (no longer available) in respect to molar extinction coefficient, effect of combination with polymerized DNA, failure to react with depolymerized DNA, and effect of pH. 2. The mass law permits the calculation of P/dye. This is found to be 13 P/dye. The same value is obtained when an excess of methyl green is caused to fade by adjusting the pH to 7.5. 3. The compound formed by methyl green with DNA has the same maximum absorption at 642.5 to 645 mmicro in the pH range 3.5-7.8, whereas the free dye fades markedly above pH 5.0.
Topics: DNA; Methyl Green; Nucleic Acids
PubMed: 14824487
DOI: 10.1085/jgp.34.2.147 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023The adsorptive performance of mesoporous silica-based materials towards inorganic (metal ions) and organic (dyes) water pollutants was investigated. Mesoporous silica...
The adsorptive performance of mesoporous silica-based materials towards inorganic (metal ions) and organic (dyes) water pollutants was investigated. Mesoporous silica materials with different particle size, surface area and pore volume were prepared and tailored with different functional groups. These materials were then characterised by solid-state techniques, namely vibrational spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, allowing the successful preparation and structural modifications of the materials to be confirmed. The influence of the physicochemical properties of the adsorbents towards the removal of metal ions (Ni, Cu and Fe) and organic dyes (methylene blue and methyl green) from aqueous solutions was also investigated. The results reveal that the exceptionally high surface area and suitable ζ-potential of the nanosized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) seem to favour the adsorptive capacity of the material for both types of water pollutants. Kinetic studies were performed for the adsorption of organic dyes by MSNPs and large-pore mesoporous silica (LPMS), suggesting that the process follows a pseudo-second-order model. The recyclability along consecutive adsorption cycles and the stability of the adsorbents after use were also investigated, showing that the material can be reused. Current results show the potentialities of novel silica-based material as a suitable adsorbent to remove pollutants from aquatic matrices with an applicability to reduce water pollution.
PubMed: 37241778
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104038 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jan 2021Astrocytes play a key role in brain homeostasis and functions such as memory. Specifically, astrocytes express multiple receptors that transduce signals via the second...
Astrocytes play a key role in brain homeostasis and functions such as memory. Specifically, astrocytes express multiple receptors that transduce signals via the second messenger cAMP. However, the involvement of astrocytic cAMP in animal behavior and the underlying glial-neuronal interactions remains largely unknown. Here, we show that an increase in astrocytic cAMP is sufficient to induce synaptic plasticity and modulate memory. We developed a method to increase astrocytic cAMP levels in vivo using photoactivated adenylyl cyclase and found that increased cAMP in hippocampal astrocytes at different time points facilitated memory formation but interrupted memory retention via NMDA receptor-dependent plasticity. Furthermore, we found that the cAMP-induced modulation of memory was mediated by the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle. Thus, our study unveils a role of astrocytic cAMP in brain function by providing a tool to modulate astrocytic cAMP in vivo.
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Astrocytes; Cell Communication; Cerebral Cortex; Cyclic AMP; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Reporter; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Hippocampus; Lactic Acid; Light; Memory; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Optogenetics; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Stereotaxic Techniques; Synapses; Time Factors
PubMed: 33452135
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016584118 -
Food Science & Nutrition Aug 2019The catechin content in green tea leaves varies according to cultivation conditions such as intensity of solar radiation, temperature, and precipitation, and thus, there...
The catechin content in green tea leaves varies according to cultivation conditions such as intensity of solar radiation, temperature, and precipitation, and thus, there is ambiguity about the best harvest time for obtaining optimal functional effects. In this study, the Yabukita (ordinary) and Benifuki varieties, which contain methylated catechin, were used to determine the difference in green tea catechins according to harvest times and tea manufacturing processes. Caffeine determination was also carried out to provide information about green tea intake for all age-groups of children and pregnant women. Determining the quantity of each catechin was difficult because of degradation, polymerization, and isomerization that had occurred during heat-drying in the refining process. In addition, the absorption of catechin compounds was tested using miniature swine because of their functional and physiological similarity to humans. Benifuki tea leaves contained epigallocatechin-3-(3"-O-methyl) gallate (EGCg3"Me) instead of epigallocatechin-3-(4"-O-methyl) gallate (EGCg4"Me). However, EGCg4"Me was detected during the entire intake period, but EGCg3"Me was not detected in the blood of miniature swine fed Benifuki tea. It is possible that the position of the methyl group was modified by the pig metabolism. Furthermore, caffeine from both Yabukita and Benifuki tea varieties was found to be easily accumulated in miniature swine. These results suggest that nonrefined September-October picking tea (autumn and winter tea) of the Benifuki variety is preferable over the Yabukita variety for consumption by children and pregnant women owing to its lower caffeine content and higher content of methylated catechin.
PubMed: 31428365
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1143