-
Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland) Jun 2011The present review outlines the various issues of breast pathology in diabetes. Diabetic mastopathy is an uncommon proliferation of fibrous tissue in the breast that... (Review)
Review
The present review outlines the various issues of breast pathology in diabetes. Diabetic mastopathy is an uncommon proliferation of fibrous tissue in the breast that mimics tumour. Breast arterial calcifications represent calcium deposits in the media of arterioles and are more frequently detected on mammograms of diabetic subjects. Importantly, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with breast cancer, but the mechanism underlying this association is complex, since the two entities frequently co-exist and seem to share common aetiological factors and pathways. Furthermore, diabetes has been suggested to negatively affect breast cancer outcomes, but it is unclear whether better glycaemic control would ameliorate prognosis. Preliminary data suggest that antidiabetic treatment may also influence both the incidence and prognosis of breast cancer. However, available evidence is inconclusive and further research is needed. Therefore, treatment of diabetes should not be determined by its potential effect on breast cancer.
Topics: Breast Diseases; Breast Neoplasms; Calcinosis; Diabetes Complications; Female; Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 21414785
DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2011.02.019 -
Cancer Treatment and Research... 2020Microglandular adenosis (MGA) is a rare benign proliferative lesion lacking a myoepithelial cell layer; 27% of all reported cases have progressed to invasive carcinoma.... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Microglandular adenosis (MGA) is a rare benign proliferative lesion lacking a myoepithelial cell layer; 27% of all reported cases have progressed to invasive carcinoma. Salivary gland-type carcinomas of the breast are also uncommon, representing 2% of all breast cancers. This wide spectrum of neoplasms tends to be triple negative and generally has an excellent prognosis. Given the rarity of salivary gland-type carcinomas of the breast arising from MGA, there are few reports of these cases in literature. As such, there is uncertainty regarding their diagnosis and treatment strategies.
PRESENTATION OF CASE
We report the rare case of a 66-year-old woman who presented with a triple negative, invasive carcinoma with salivary gland-type features, arising from MGA. The patient underwent mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy, followed by Taxotere and Cyclophosphamide (TC) chemotherapy and 50 Gy in 25 fractions of radiation to her chest wall. We reviewed the available literature on salivary gland-type breast carcinomas arising from MGA.
DISCUSSION
Despite the generally unfavourable characteristics associated with carcinoma arising in microglandular adenosis (MGACA), most patients with MGACA have favourable outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of the present case and reviewed cases are consistent with the literature on MGA, atypical MGA (AMGA), and MGACA. Future study of this rare entity is warranted to establish a consensus surrounding its clinical significance and treatment methods.
Topics: Aged; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Breast; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant; Cyclophosphamide; Diagnosis, Differential; Docetaxel; Dose Fractionation, Radiation; Female; Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Humans; Mastectomy; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; Treatment Outcome; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
PubMed: 32454386
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100178 -
Histopathology May 2012Microglandular adenosis (MGA) is a proliferative breast lesion, which has been proposed to be a potential precursor of triple-negative breast cancers. The aims of...
AIMS
Microglandular adenosis (MGA) is a proliferative breast lesion, which has been proposed to be a potential precursor of triple-negative breast cancers. The aims of this study were to determine whether MGAs harbour genetic alterations and if any such genetic aberrations found in MGAs are similar to those found in matched invasive carcinomas.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Twelve cases of MGA and/or atypical MGA (AMGA), 10 of which were associated with invasive carcinoma, were evaluated. Immunohistochemical profiling revealed that all invasive carcinomas were of triple-negative phenotype and expressed S100, cytokeratins 8/18 and 'basal' markers. The morphologically distinct components of each case (MGA, AMGA and/or invasive carcinoma) were microdissected and subjected to microarray comparative genomic hybridization. Apart from three typical MGAs, all samples harboured genetic alterations. The percentage of the genome affected by copy number aberrations in MGA/AMGA ranged from 0.5 to 61.9%, indicating varying levels of genetic instability. In three cases, MGA/AMGA displayed copy number aberrations similar to those found in matched invasive components, providing strong circumstantial evidence that MGA may constitute the substrate for the invasive carcinoma development.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results support the contention that MGA can be a clonal lesion and non-obligate precursor of triple-negative breast cancer.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Cluster Analysis; Comparative Genomic Hybridization; Female; Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Humans; Precancerous Conditions
PubMed: 22486256
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04207.x -
Journal de Gynecologie, Obstetrique Et... May 2011Diabetic mastopathy is a recently described pathological entity. Little is known about this benign condition. It usually occurs in young patients with type 1 diabetes,...
Diabetic mastopathy is a recently described pathological entity. Little is known about this benign condition. It usually occurs in young patients with type 1 diabetes, or having an autoimmune disorders. Clinically, this mastopathy simulates a breast cancer. Graphic tests are not very informative. The diagnosis is histological. Through a case of diabetic mastopathy occurring in a patient with diabetes on insulin for 16 years and carries multiple degenerative complications, we recall the clinical, radiological and outcome of this disease.
Topics: Adult; Biopsy; Breast Diseases; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Humans; Mammography; Mastitis; Ultrasonography, Mammary
PubMed: 20971584
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgyn.2010.09.004 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Sep 2021Breast adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a rare invasive carcinoma composed of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. Microglandular adenosis (MGA) is a rare benign...
BACKGROUND
Breast adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a rare invasive carcinoma composed of epithelial and myoepithelial cells. Microglandular adenosis (MGA) is a rare benign proliferative lesion consisting of small, uniform, and round glands formed by a single layer of epithelial cells and basement membrane without a myoepithelial cell layer. MGA may progress to atypical MGA and carcinoma arising in MGA. Among various invasive carcinomas from MGA, AdCC has been rarely reported. Here, we report a case of AdCC arising in MGA.
CASE SUMMARY
A 59-year-old woman was diagnosed with a newly developed density on a routine mammogram. The density was similar to or slightly lower than that of the breast parenchyma. Sonography showed an irregular mass with a slightly higher echo than that of fat. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an irregular mass with a similar T1 signal intensity and a slightly higher T2 signal intensity compared to muscles or the breast parenchyma. The lesion showed heterogeneous internal enhancement with an initially slow and delayed persistent enhancing pattern. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of invasive AdCC, AdCC, and MGA. AdCC is composed of basaloid and ductal epithelial cells forming cribriform or solid sheets, or haphazardly scattered small cribriform or tubular glands. MGA showed small glands with a single epithelial lining and retained lumen. S-100 staining was strongly positive in MGA area. The patient underwent breast-conserving surgery with sentinel lymph node biopsy.
CONCLUSION
Breast AdCC arising in MGA showed unique imaging findings that was different from usual invasive cancer.
PubMed: 34616829
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i25.7579 -
Proceedings of the Royal Society of... Dec 1950
Topics: Breast; Female; Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Humans; Metaplasia
PubMed: 14808201
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Pathology and Translational... Jul 2017Mammary carcinoma arising in microglandular adenosis (MGA) is extremely rare, and MGA is regarded as a non-obligate precursor of triple-negative breast cancer. We report...
Mammary carcinoma arising in microglandular adenosis (MGA) is extremely rare, and MGA is regarded as a non-obligate precursor of triple-negative breast cancer. We report five cases of carcinoma arising in MGA of the breast. All cases showed a spectrum of proliferative lesions ranging from MGA to atypical MGA, ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, all cases were triple-negative and expression of S-100 protein gradually decreased as the lesions progressed from MGA to atypical MGA and carcinoma. Three cases showed acinic cell differentiation with reactivity to α1-antitrypsin, and one case was metaplastic carcinoma. During clinical follow-up, one patient developed local recurrence. Carcinoma arising in MGA is a rare but distinct subset of triple-negative breast cancer with characteristic histologic and immunohistochemical findings.
PubMed: 28372344
DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2016.11.11 -
Journal of Clinical Pathology Jan 2022Blunt duct adenosis (BDA) is a breast lesion first described by Foote and Stewart in 1945 as a proliferative benign lesion of the terminal duct lobular unit. Throughout... (Review)
Review
Blunt duct adenosis (BDA) is a breast lesion first described by Foote and Stewart in 1945 as a proliferative benign lesion of the terminal duct lobular unit. Throughout recent decades, further literature descriptions of BDA have been confusing. Some consider BDA to be a separate entity, some a growth pattern of columnar cell changes. The WHO 2012 considered BDA and columnar cell changes to be synonyms, while columnar cell lesions, especially those with atypia, are part of a spectrum of early precursors of the low nuclear grade breast neoplasia family. In the updated WHO 2019 version, BDA is mentioned as 'not recommended' terminology for columnar cell lesions without further discussing it, leaving the question open if BDA should be considered a separate entity.Good diagnostic criteria for BDA have however largely been lacking, and its biological background has not yet been unravelled. In this paper, we point out that BDA is mainly associated with benign breast lesions and not with other recognised precursor lesions. Further, 16q loss, which is the hallmark molecular event in the low nuclear grade breast neoplasia family, is lacking in BDA. We therefore hypothesise that BDA may not be a true precursor lesion but a benign polyclonal lesion, and propose morphological diagnostic criteria to better differentiate it from columnar cell lesions.
Topics: Breast Diseases; Breast Neoplasms; Epithelial Cells; Female; Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Humans; Hyperplasia
PubMed: 33858936
DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-207359 -
International Journal of Clinical and... 2014Carcinoma arising in microglandular adenosis (MGACA) is an extremely rare subtype of breast carcinoma. In this study, clinicopathological analysis of MGACA from 11...
Carcinoma arising in microglandular adenosis (MGACA) is an extremely rare subtype of breast carcinoma. In this study, clinicopathological analysis of MGACA from 11 Chinese patients was conducted. Microscopically, all cases showed a spectrum of structure and glandular proliferations ranging from microglandular adenosis (MGA) to atypical MGA (AMGA) to MGACA. Carcinoma components were composed of high grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in 1 case and invasive carcinoma in 10 cases. Invasive carcinomas were grade 3 in 10 tumors and grade 2 in 1. Invasive components in 5 of 10 cases were composed of invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST), and 1 case showed partially acinic cell differentiation. In 5 cases, invasive components were mixed of NST and matrix-producing carcinoma (MPC). All epitheliums in 11 cases were triple negative (ER-, PR-, HER2-), and diffuse positive for CK and S-100 protein. No myoepithelial cells were demonstrable from MGA to invasive components with immunohistochemical staining for P63 and calponin. PAS or reticulin stain showed the presence of a basement membrane around glands in MGA, AMGA, DCIS, and its absence in invasive components. Follow-up time ranged from 10 to 64 months. One patient developed a lung metastasis 24 months after surgery, 10 patients have been alive without recurrence. Our study revealed that MGACA is a distinct subset of breast carcinoma, with triple negative phenotype, high grade nuclear and variable morphology. Despite histopathologic and immunohistochemical features usually associated with a poor prognosis, MGACA seems to have a relatively favorable outcome.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Carcinoma; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; China; Female; Fibrocystic Breast Disease; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lung Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Phenotype; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
PubMed: 25337263
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the West African College of... 2022Breast lumps have been reported as the most common breast symptom among adult females in Western Nigeria and are benign in 60% of cases. In South-Eastern Nigeria,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Breast lumps have been reported as the most common breast symptom among adult females in Western Nigeria and are benign in 60% of cases. In South-Eastern Nigeria, fibroadenoma has been reported as the most common breast disease (47.5%), followed by carcinoma (30.4%) and fibrocystic disease. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between sonographic and histopathologic findings in women who presented with breast masses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 160 consecutive female patients who presented with breast masses. A breast ultrasound scan was carried out to categorize the masses using the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification, and the histopathological diagnoses of the masses were obtained. The correlation of the sonographic findings and histopathological diagnoses was determined using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) IBM version 23.0.
RESULTS
Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were found to be 79.5%, 98.3%, 93.9%, 93.7%, and 93.8%, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the sonographic findings and histopathological diagnoses of the breast masses, which was statistically significant ( = 0.000, r = 0.846).
CONCLUSION
This study found a statistically significant positive correlation between sonographic findings and histopathological diagnoses of breast masses.
PubMed: 36213797
DOI: 10.4103/jwas.jwas_84_22