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Brazilian Dental Journal 2021The aim of this review is to discuss the digital planning and the use of guided technology in Endodontics. The complexity of the root canals anatomy and the challenges... (Review)
Review
The aim of this review is to discuss the digital planning and the use of guided technology in Endodontics. The complexity of the root canals anatomy and the challenges in the microorganism's control represent risk factors for failure after the infected root canal's treatment. Scientific improvements associated with technological advances have enabled better predictability of therapeutic procedures results. The development of efficient and modern devices provided safer root canal treatments, with shorter clinical visits and greater patient comfort. Digital endodontics incorporated different tools and developed its own, advancing even further in resolving complex cases. The faithful copy of the internal anatomy provided by the advancement of CBCT devices and software's, associated with the digital resources of 3D planning and printing, enabled the advent of guided endodontics. This technique is used at different stages of endodontic treatment, with specific indications and greater result predictability. Therefore, this study critically reviewed the potential clinical application of this guided access technique, and the operative steps for its safe performance in managing complex endodontic cases. The main indications are accessing calcified root canals, performing endodontic surgeries in difficult access areas, removing fiberglass posts, and accessing teeth with developmental anomalies. In summary, guided endodontics has been a precise strategy, effective, safe, and clinically applicable. This procedure represents incorporating technological resources and digital planning in the Endodontist clinical practice, increasing predictability to complex cases.
Topics: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Dental Pulp Cavity; Endodontics; Humans; Root Canal Therapy; Technology
PubMed: 34877975
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202104740 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2017Computational approaches are useful tools to interpret and guide experiments to expedite the antibiotic drug design process. Structure-based drug design (SBDD) and...
Computational approaches are useful tools to interpret and guide experiments to expedite the antibiotic drug design process. Structure-based drug design (SBDD) and ligand-based drug design (LBDD) are the two general types of computer-aided drug design (CADD) approaches in existence. SBDD methods analyze macromolecular target 3-dimensional structural information, typically of proteins or RNA, to identify key sites and interactions that are important for their respective biological functions. Such information can then be utilized to design antibiotic drugs that can compete with essential interactions involving the target and thus interrupt the biological pathways essential for survival of the microorganism(s). LBDD methods focus on known antibiotic ligands for a target to establish a relationship between their physiochemical properties and antibiotic activities, referred to as a structure-activity relationship (SAR), information that can be used for optimization of known drugs or guide the design of new drugs with improved activity. In this chapter, standard CADD protocols for both SBDD and LBDD will be presented with a special focus on methodologies and targets routinely studied in our laboratory for antibiotic drug discoveries.
Topics: Computer-Aided Design; Databases as Topic; Drug Design; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Ligands; Molecular Docking Simulation; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Thermodynamics; User-Computer Interface
PubMed: 27873247
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6634-9_5 -
FEMS Microbiology Reviews Sep 2013Microbial communities play a pivotal role in the functioning of plants by influencing their physiology and development. While many members of the rhizosphere microbiome... (Review)
Review
Microbial communities play a pivotal role in the functioning of plants by influencing their physiology and development. While many members of the rhizosphere microbiome are beneficial to plant growth, also plant pathogenic microorganisms colonize the rhizosphere striving to break through the protective microbial shield and to overcome the innate plant defense mechanisms in order to cause disease. A third group of microorganisms that can be found in the rhizosphere are the true and opportunistic human pathogenic bacteria, which can be carried on or in plant tissue and may cause disease when introduced into debilitated humans. Although the importance of the rhizosphere microbiome for plant growth has been widely recognized, for the vast majority of rhizosphere microorganisms no knowledge exists. To enhance plant growth and health, it is essential to know which microorganism is present in the rhizosphere microbiome and what they are doing. Here, we review the main functions of rhizosphere microorganisms and how they impact on health and disease. We discuss the mechanisms involved in the multitrophic interactions and chemical dialogues that occur in the rhizosphere. Finally, we highlight several strategies to redirect or reshape the rhizosphere microbiome in favor of microorganisms that are beneficial to plant growth and health.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Plants; Rhizosphere; Soil Microbiology; Symbiosis
PubMed: 23790204
DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12028 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Chronic periapical periodontitis (CAP) is a typical oral disease in which periodontal inflammation caused by an odontogenic infection eventually leads to bone loss.... (Review)
Review
Chronic periapical periodontitis (CAP) is a typical oral disease in which periodontal inflammation caused by an odontogenic infection eventually leads to bone loss. Uncontrolled infections often lead to extensive bone loss around the root tip, which ultimately leads to tooth loss. The main clinical issue in the treatment of periapical periodontitis is the repair of jawbone defects, and infection control is the first priority. However, the oral cavity is an open environment, and the distribution of microorganisms through the mouth in jawbone defects is inevitable. The subversion of host cell metabolism by oral microorganisms initiates disease. The presence of microorganisms stimulates a series of immune responses, which in turn stimulates bone healing. Given the above background, we intended to examine the paradoxes and connections between microorganisms and jaw defect repair in anticipation of new ideas for jaw defect repair. To this end, we reviewed the microbial factors, human signaling pathways, immune cells, and cytokines involved in the development of CAP, as well as concentrated growth factor (CGF) and stem cells in bone defect repair, with the aim of understanding the impact of microbial factors on host cell metabolism to inform the etiology and clinical management of CAP.
Topics: Bone Remodeling; Humans; Inflammation; Periapical Periodontitis; Periodontitis
PubMed: 35937695
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.908859 -
Microorganisms Oct 2023Nanomaterials are used to develop simpler, cheaper, and faster methods for disease diagnosis [...].
Nanomaterials are used to develop simpler, cheaper, and faster methods for disease diagnosis [...].
PubMed: 37894187
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102530 -
Briefings in Bioinformatics Mar 2021Humans have coexisted with pathogenic microorganisms throughout its history of evolution. We have never halted the exploration of pathogenic microorganisms. With the... (Review)
Review
Humans have coexisted with pathogenic microorganisms throughout its history of evolution. We have never halted the exploration of pathogenic microorganisms. With the improvement of genome-sequencing technology and the continuous reduction of sequencing costs, an increasing number of complete genome sequences of pathogenic microorganisms have become available. Genome annotation of this massive sequence information has become a daunting task in biological research. This paper summarizes the approaches to the genome annotation of pathogenic microorganisms and the available popular genome annotation tools for prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses. Furthermore, real-world comparisons of different annotation tools using 12 genomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses were conducted. Current challenges and problems were also discussed.
Topics: Eukaryota; Genome, Bacterial; Genome, Viral; Humans; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Virulence
PubMed: 33537706
DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab004 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Feb 2022Monoterpenoids that belong to the terpenoids family are usually volatile and have strong aroma. Some monoterpenoids also have antioxidant, antibacterial and... (Review)
Review
Monoterpenoids that belong to the terpenoids family are usually volatile and have strong aroma. Some monoterpenoids also have antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, which make them important raw materials for medicine, food and cosmetics industry. In recent years, the heterologous synthesis of monoterpenoids by microorganisms has attracted extensive attention. However, its large-scale application is greatly hampered by the low yield and high production cost. Nowadays, the rapid development of synthetic biology provides new approaches for enhancing the production of monoterpenoids by microorganisms. Different kinds of recombinant strains can be obtained via engineering of microbial cells to produce a variety of monoterpenoids with different properties. This paper summarized the latest strategies and progress in the application of synthetic biology to produce monoterpenoids by microorganisms, including the design and modification of biosynthetic pathway, as well as the design and optimization of high-yield monoterpenoids producing chassis cells.
Topics: Biosynthetic Pathways; Metabolic Engineering; Monoterpenes; Synthetic Biology; Terpenes
PubMed: 35234374
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.210145 -
International Journal of Environmental... 2022The pollutants have become ubiquitous in the total environment (water, soil and air) due to human activities and they are hazardous to all forms of life on the earth.... (Review)
Review
The pollutants have become ubiquitous in the total environment (water, soil and air) due to human activities and they are hazardous to all forms of life on the earth. This problem has made scientists focus on mitigating or complete reduction in pollutants by several means. Microorganism and plants are known to scavenge pollutants. Both are studied enormously in reducing, refining, and removing pollutants from the environment successfully. But, their slow process for removal is disadvantage. However, according to recent advancements in the abatement of pollutants, a combined system of both microorganisms and plant has shown to enhance the remediation of pollutants to an efficient level. In a nutrient-depleted pollutant-rich environment, when suitable plant and microorganisms are introduced, the plant interacts with the rhizosphere and root associate with microorganisms to survive in toxic conditions. The chemicals released by plants signal the microorganisms for interactions. This interaction leads in higher germination efficiency and enhanced root elongation which results in enhanced degradation of pollutants in both rhizosphere and phyllosphere. In this background, the current review article provides an overview of the recent advancement in microorganisms plant combined systems in enhanced removal of several recalcitrant pollutants. The conclusion highlights the challenges and future perspectives in this area of research.
PubMed: 34122578
DOI: 10.1007/s13762-021-03354-7 -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2023Pesticides are chemicals used in agriculture, forestry, and, to some extent, public health. As effective as they can be, due to the limited biodegradability and toxicity... (Review)
Review
Pesticides are chemicals used in agriculture, forestry, and, to some extent, public health. As effective as they can be, due to the limited biodegradability and toxicity of some of them, they can also have negative environmental and health impacts. Pesticide biodegradation is important because it can help mitigate the negative effects of pesticides. Many types of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and algae, can degrade pesticides; microorganisms are able to bioremediate pesticides using diverse metabolic pathways where enzymatic degradation plays a crucial role in achieving chemical transformation of the pesticides. The growing concern about the environmental and health impacts of pesticides is pushing the industry of these products to develop more sustainable alternatives, such as high biodegradable chemicals. The degradative properties of microorganisms could be fully exploited using the advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology, paving the way for more effective bioremediation strategies, new technologies, and novel applications. The purpose of the current review is to discuss the microorganisms that have demonstrated their capacity to degrade pesticides and those categorized by the World Health Organization as important for the impact they may have on human health. A comprehensive list of microorganisms is presented, and some metabolic pathways and enzymes for pesticide degradation and the genetics behind this process are discussed. Due to the high number of microorganisms known to be capable of degrading pesticides and the low number of metabolic pathways that are fully described for this purpose, more research must be conducted in this field, and more enzymes and genes are yet to be discovered with the possibility of finding more efficient metabolic pathways for pesticide biodegradation.
Topics: Humans; Pesticides; Biodegradation, Environmental; Bacteria; Fungi; Agriculture
PubMed: 37958952
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115969 -
Microorganisms Jun 2023Inada and Ido identified sp. as the pathogen responsible for Weil's Disease in 1915. Later, it was confirmed that Leptospira causes leptospirosis. The host... (Review)
Review
Inada and Ido identified sp. as the pathogen responsible for Weil's Disease in 1915. Later, it was confirmed that Leptospira causes leptospirosis. The host microorganism's interaction at the cellular level remained misunderstood for many years. Although different bacterial components have been isolated and purified, the complexity of the molecular interactions between these components and the host and the molecular mechanisms responsible for the systemic dysfunctions still needs to be fully unveiled. Leptospirosis affects virtually all animal species. Its cellular pathophysiology must involve a ubiquitous cellular mechanism in all eukaryotes. Na/K-ATPase is the molecular target of the leptospiral endotoxin (glycolipoprotein-GLP). Na/K-ATPase dysfunctions on different types of cells give rise to the organ disorders manifested in leptospirosis. Concomitantly, the development of a peculiar metabolic disorder characterized by dyslipidemia, with increased levels of circulating free fatty acids and an imbalance in the fatty acid/albumin molar ratio, triggers events of cellular lipotoxicity. Synergistically, multiple molecular stimuli are prompted during the infection, activating inflammasomes and Na/K-ATPase signalosome, leading to pro-inflammatory and metabolic alterations during leptospirosis. Leptospirosis involves diverse molecular mechanisms and alteration in patient inflammatory and metabolic status. Nonetheless, Na/K-ATPase is critical in the disease, and it is targeted by GLP, its components, and other molecules, such as fatty acids, that inhibit or trigger intracellular signaling through this enzyme. Herein, we overview the role of Na/K-ATPase during leptospirosis infection as a potential therapeutic target or an indicator of disease severity.
PubMed: 37512868
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071695