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Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas Jan 2022Although zoophilic dermatophytes remain the predominant cause of tinea capitis in Spain, an increase due to anthropophilic species has been reported. We report a...
Although zoophilic dermatophytes remain the predominant cause of tinea capitis in Spain, an increase due to anthropophilic species has been reported. We report a retrospective observational study that included twenty-four children, who were diagnosed with tinea capitis due to anthropophilic species between 2004 and 2019. 75% of the patients were males with a mean age of 4,88 years. We observed 83,3% of cases from Africa, 4,2% from South America and 12,5% from Spain. Clinically, 70,8% of the patients presented scaly patches and non-scaring alopecia. Trichophyton soudanense was the main dermatophyte of the series (45,8%), followed by Microsporum audouinii (20,8%), Trichophyton tonsurans (12,5%) and Trichophyton violaceum (12,5%). Although this pattern of infection appears to be linked to immigration from Africa, we saw three native cases. The easier transmission of anthropophilic rather than zoophilic dermatophytes could predict a rise in the incidence of tinea capitis and a public health problem.
PubMed: 35244543
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2020.11.035 -
Marine Drugs Dec 2016A natural heptacyclopeptide, stylissamide G (), previously isolated from the Bahamian marine sponge from the Caribbean Sea, was synthesized via coupling of the...
A natural heptacyclopeptide, stylissamide G (), previously isolated from the Bahamian marine sponge from the Caribbean Sea, was synthesized via coupling of the tetrapeptide l-phenylalanyl-l-prolyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-proline methyl ester with the tripeptide Boc-l-leucyl-l-isoleucyl-l-proline, followed by cyclization of the linear heptapeptide fragment. The structure of the synthesized cyclooligopeptide was confirmed using quantitative elemental analysis, FT-IR, ¹H NMR, C NMR and mass spectrometry. Results of pharmacological activity studies indicated that the newly synthesized cycloheptapeptide displayed good anthelmintic potential against , and at 2 mg/mL and in addition, potent antifungal activity against pathogenic and dermatophytes and at a concentration of 6 μg/mL.
Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Caribbean Region; Cyclization; Dipeptides; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Peptides, Cyclic; Porifera; Proline; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 27983681
DOI: 10.3390/md14120228 -
Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease Jan 2021We report here two cases of tinea capitis caused by in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa. The patients were a three-year-old boy and a six-year-old girl who presented with...
We report here two cases of tinea capitis caused by in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa. The patients were a three-year-old boy and a six-year-old girl who presented with scaly patches on the scalp. The causative fungus was isolated using an adhesive tape-sampling method and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates. It was identified as both by its macroscopic and microscopic features, confirmed by DNA sequencing. These are the first documented cases of infections confirmed with DNA sequencing to be reported from Côte d'Ivoire. The practicality of the tape-sampling method makes it possible to carry out epidemiological surveys evaluating the distribution of these dermatophytic infections in remote, resource-limited settings.
PubMed: 33445615
DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6010009 -
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences Jun 2011Coula edulis Bail (Olacaceae), is an evergreen tree growing to a height of 25. This study aimed at evaluating the antidermatophytic and toxicological properties of the...
BACKGROUND
Coula edulis Bail (Olacaceae), is an evergreen tree growing to a height of 25. This study aimed at evaluating the antidermatophytic and toxicological properties of the stem bark of C. edulis extract as well as fractions and compounds isolated from it.
METHODS
The plant extract was prepared by maceration in CH(2)Cl(2)-MeOH (1:1 v/v). The fractionation of this extract was done by silica gel column chromatography. Antidermatophytic activities were assayed using agar dilution method. The acute and sub-acute toxicities of oral administrations of the extract were studied in rodents.
RESULTS
The crude extract of C. edulis displayed antidermatophytic activity against the tested microorganisms with highest activity against Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The fractionation enhanced the antidermatophytic activity in fraction F(3 )(MIC=0.62-1.25 mg/ml) compared to the crude extract (MIC=1.25-5 mg/ml). Further fractionation and purification of the fractions F(2) and F(3) gave respectively 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of sitosterol (MIC=0.20-0.40 mg/ml) and a mixture of β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and n-hexadecanoid acid (MIC=0.80 mg/ml). The median lethal doses (LD(50)) of the crude extract were 16.8 and 19.6 g/kg body weight (BW) in male and female mice, respectively. At 200 mg/kg BW(, )there was a decrease in body weight gain, food and water consumptions. Gross anatomical analysis revealed white vesicles on the liver of the rats treated with the extract at 200 mg/kg BW. This dose also induced significant (P<0.05) changes on hematological and biochemical parameters in rats after 28 days of treatment.
CONCLUSION
These data suggest that the CH(2)Cl(2)-MeOH (1:1 v/v) extract of C. edulis stem bark possesses antidermatophytic properties. They also show that at high doses (≥ 200 mg/kg BW), the extract has significant hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic activities.
PubMed: 23357938
DOI: No ID Found -
Skin Appendage Disorders May 2022Tinea capitis (TC) is a superficial fungal infection affecting the scalp. The existence of asymptomatic carriers (ACs) could represent a potential reservoir responsible...
INTRODUCTION
Tinea capitis (TC) is a superficial fungal infection affecting the scalp. The existence of asymptomatic carriers (ACs) could represent a potential reservoir responsible of (re)contamination and failure of treatment. No prospective studies on ACs in household contacts of TC patients in Europe have been published to date.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of ACs in a cohort of household contacts of children who were diagnosed with TC in the metropolitan area of Bruxelles, Belgium.
METHODS
This prospective observational study was conducted from October 2015 to April 2016 at the Dermatology Department of the University Hospitals Brugmann, Saint-Pierre, Queen Fabiola Children Hospital.
RESULTS
Ninety-nine cases of TC from 95 different family circles were included. The main infectious agent identified was in 53 cases. The mean age of TC patients was 5.8 years. Male/female ratio was 2.8. Eighty-one household contacts of TC patients were enrolled in the study. Two cases of ACs (5%) were identified.
CONCLUSIONS
was the most common pathogen identified. The prevalence of ACs we report is on average higher compared to other European large cities. Larger prospective studies including all close contacts of affected patients are required in order to establish guidelines regarding identification and management of ACs.
PubMed: 35707285
DOI: 10.1159/000520107 -
Electronic Physician Jun 2016The objective of this study was to isolate, identify, and explore the in-vitro antifungal susceptibility pattern of dermatophytes isolated from clinically suspected...
AIM
The objective of this study was to isolate, identify, and explore the in-vitro antifungal susceptibility pattern of dermatophytes isolated from clinically suspected cases of dermatophytosis (tinea infections) attending the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic.
METHODS
This study was conducted at Sohag University Hospital from December 2014 to December 2015. Clinical samples (e.g., skin scrapings and hair stumps) were collected under aseptic precautions. The identification of dermatophytes was performed through microscopic examination using 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) with 40% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) mounts and culture on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and on Dermasel agar base media, both supplemented with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide. All dermatophytes isolates were subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing using the agar-based disk diffusion (ABDD) method against Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Fluconazole, and Griseofulvin. Data were analyzed via SPSS 16, using Chi square and a screening test (cross-tabulation method).
RESULTS
A total of 110 patients of dermatophytosis were studied. The patients were clinically diagnosed and mycologically confirmed as having tinea capitis (49), tinea corporis (30), tinea pedis (16), tinea cruris (9), or tinea barbae (6). The dermatophytes isolates belonged to 4 species: Microsporum canis 58 (52.7%), Microsporum gypseum 23 (20.9%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes 18 (16.4%), and Microsporum audouinii 11 (10%). The most effective antifungal drugs tested were Clotrimazole, followed by Miconazole (95.5% and 84.5% of isolates were susceptible, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Every patient with a tinea infection should be properly studied for a mycological examination and should be treated accordingly. Dermasel agar is more useful as an identification medium in the isolation of dermatophytes. The ABDD method appears to be a simple, cost-effective, and promising method for the evaluation of antifungal susceptibility of dermatophytes.
PubMed: 27504173
DOI: 10.19082/2557 -
Dermatology Research and Practice 2014Fungal infections of the skin and nails are common global problems with attendant morbidity among affected individuals. Children are mostly affected due to predisposing...
Fungal infections of the skin and nails are common global problems with attendant morbidity among affected individuals. Children are mostly affected due to predisposing factors such as overcrowding and low socioeconomic factors. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the clinical patterns of superficial fungal infections among primary school children in Ile-Ife. A multistage sampling was conducted to select eight hundred pupils from ten primary schools in Ile-Ife. Data on epidemiological characteristics and clinical history was collected using a semistructured questionnaire and skin scrapings were done. The prevalence of superficial fungal infections among the 800 respondents was 35.0%. Male pupils constituted 51.0% of respondents while the females were 49.0%. The mean age for all the respondents was 9.42 ± 2.00. Tinea capitis was the commonest infection with a prevalence of 26.9% and tinea unguium, tinea corporis, and tinea faciei had a prevalence of 0.8%, 0.6%, and 0.5%, respectively. Tinea manuum had the least prevalence of 0.1%. Pityriasis versicolor had a prevalence of 4.4%. Microsporum audouinii was the leading organism isolated. The study shows that the prevalence of superficial fungal infection (SFI) among primary school children in Ile-Ife is high with tinea capitis as the commonest SFI.
PubMed: 25574161
DOI: 10.1155/2014/842917 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2008Two substituted quinazolinyl/imidazolyl-salicylic acids 5, 6 were synthesized by the reaction of 6-iodo-2-methylbenzoxazin-4-one/5-nitroimidazole with 5-aminosalicylic...
Two substituted quinazolinyl/imidazolyl-salicylic acids 5, 6 were synthesized by the reaction of 6-iodo-2-methylbenzoxazin-4-one/5-nitroimidazole with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). Coupling of compounds 5 and 6 with different amino acid ester hydrochlorides, dipeptide and tripeptide methyl esters yielded novel quinazolino/imidazolopeptide derivatives 5a-f and 6a-g. The chemical structures of all newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by means of FT-IR, (1)H- and (13)C-NMR, MSand elemental analysis. Selected peptide ester derivatives were further hydrolyzed by using lithium hydroxide (LiOH) to afford the corresponding acid derivatives 5ba-da and 6e(a)-g(a). All peptide derivatives were assayed for antimicrobial and anthelmintic activities against eight pathogenic microbes and three earthworm species. Among the tested compounds, 5e,5d, 6e and their hydrolyzed analogs 5d(a) and 6e(a) exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans, and 5(a),6g and 6g(a) displayed better antifungal activity against the dermatophytes Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum audouinii. Moreover, 6f and its hydrolyzed derivative6f(a) showed good anthelmintic activity against Megascoplex konkanensis, Pontoscotex corethruses and Eudrilus eugeniea at dose of 2 mg mL(-1).
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antiparasitic Agents; Bacteria; Fungi; Helminths; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nitroimidazoles; Peptides; Quinazolinones
PubMed: 18463598
DOI: 10.3390/molecules13040958 -
Medical Journal, Armed Forces India Jan 1999Dermatophytosis and dermatomycosis in patients reporting to Command Hospital (SC) were studied over a period of 3 years. A total of 126 cases were investigated....
Dermatophytosis and dermatomycosis in patients reporting to Command Hospital (SC) were studied over a period of 3 years. A total of 126 cases were investigated. Commonest clinical diagnosis was tinea corporis (39.68%) followed by onychomycosis (20.63%). Some patients had infections of multiple sites. Direct examination under KOH and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) revealed fungal elements in 43 (34.12%) cases. Fungi were isolated from 44 (34.92%) cases. Commonly isolated fungi were 11 (25%), spp 8 (18.18%), 2(4.55%) and 1(2.27%).
PubMed: 28775555
DOI: 10.1016/S0377-1237(17)30303-9 -
International Journal of Microbiology 2019Classically, dermatophytes are identified by phenotypic methods even if these methods, sometimes, remain difficult or uncertain. On the other hand, nucleotide sequence...
Classically, dermatophytes are identified by phenotypic methods even if these methods, sometimes, remain difficult or uncertain. On the other hand, nucleotide sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of rDNA has proved to be a useful method for identification of dermatophytes. The objective of this study was to compare the phenotypic method with DNA sequencing of the ITS regions for identification of dermatophyte species isolated in Dakar, Senegal. A collection of thirty-two strains of dermatophytes were isolated from patients suffering from dermatophytosis. Mycological identification revealed ( = 13), ( = 10), ( = 5), and one strain for each of the following species: , , and and one unidentified strain. For comparison, ITS-based PCR and DNA sequencing were applied for identification of the isolated dermatophytes. ITS sequences showed, in BLAST search analysis, 99-100% of similarity. Identification of dermatophyte isolates by conventional methods was confirmed by DNA sequencing of the ITS regions in 84% of cases. Discrepancies concern mostly misidentified as . PCR sequencing provided an excellent tool for identifying dermatophyte strains that do not present typical morphological characteristics. It was also able to give correct identification of an atypical strain of responsible of mycetoma of the scalp.
PubMed: 31933647
DOI: 10.1155/2019/6754058