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Indian Journal of Dermatology 2018Dermatophytic fungi of genera and are the most important fungal species causing tinea capitis. Choice of treatment for tinea capitis is determined by the species of...
BACKGROUND
Dermatophytic fungi of genera and are the most important fungal species causing tinea capitis. Choice of treatment for tinea capitis is determined by the species of fungus.
AIM
The aim of the study was to investigate the most prevalent fungal species causing tinea capitis in children from Egypt and the most useful antifungal agent for treatment.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 100 patients diagnosed clinically with tinea capitis were included in the study. Samples were collected and sent to the microbiology and immunology laboratory for sample processing and fungal identification by routine laboratory techniques. A study of antifungal susceptibility to chosen antifungal medications (fluconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, amphotericin, caspofungin, itraconazole, terbinafine, and griseofulvin) was done by minimum inhibitory concentration technique.
RESULTS
Our analysis revealed that is the most commonly isolated strain. Amphotericin was the most effective antifungal agent followed by terbinafine. The most sensitive strain to fluconazole and griseofulvin is , while was mostly responsive to terbinafine.
CONCLUSION
Identification and evaluation of the antifungal susceptibility of the pathogenic species in a certain geographic region is important to achieve a good clinical response.
PubMed: 29692458
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_519_17 -
Iranian Journal of Biotechnology Dec 2015Dermatophytosis is the common cutaneous infections in humans and animals, which is caused by the keratinophylic fungus called dermatophytes. In recent years, drugs...
BACKGROUND
Dermatophytosis is the common cutaneous infections in humans and animals, which is caused by the keratinophylic fungus called dermatophytes. In recent years, drugs resistance in pathogenic fungi, including dermatophyte strains to the current antifungals have been increased.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of AgNPs against , and .
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The antifungal susceptibility of nanosilver particles compared with griseofulvin (GR). Its efficacy was investigated against three strains of dermatophytes by both agar dilution and broth microdilution test (BMD).
RESULTS
The average minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) AgNPs on , and M. gypseum were 200, 180 and 170 μg.mL, respectively. Whereas these strains showed MIC of 25, 100 and 50 μg.mL for GR.
CONCLUSIONS
Our finding indicated that the AgNPs was less active than GR but it had anti-dermatophytic effect.
PubMed: 28959308
DOI: 10.15171/ijb.1302 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2021Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in chronic unresponsive dermatophytosis. A study was conducted to quantify the proportion of patients with chronic...
BACKGROUND
Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in chronic unresponsive dermatophytosis. A study was conducted to quantify the proportion of patients with chronic dermatophytosis and to determine the clinico-mycological predictors of chronicity including antifungal susceptibility.
METHODS
Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was adopted. Four hundred and twenty-five patients were studied. The outcome variable was chronic dermatophytosis and the determinants were clinico-mycological characteristics. Chi-square and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.
RESULTS
Chronic dermatophytosis was seen in 29.4%. Past history of dermatophytosis, OR 0.44 (95% CI 0.28-0.68); family history of dermatophytosis, OR 1.66 (95% CI 1.06-2.56); HIV infection, OR 9.88 (95% CI 1.09-89.33); treatment with topical antifungals, OR 2.4 (95% CI 1.5-3.9); systemic antifungals, OR 3.9 (95% CI 2.5-6.1); topical steroids, OR 2.02 (95% CI 1.25-3.25); multiple-site infection, OR 1.97 (95% CI 1.24-3.13); and tinea unguium, OR 6.52 (95% CI 2.89-14.7) were the significant determinants. (73.6%) was the most common isolate followed by and (13.2%) each. A percentage of 77.4 of the isolates were resistant-73.6% isolates to terbinafine and 3.8% isolates to fluconazole. None of the isolates were resistant to itraconazole.
CONCLUSION
Significant determinants were host-related factors. Thorough history taking, patient examination, and education can improve the present scenario. Microbiological resistance was not a significant predictor. High proportion of resistant strains should be an eye opener. Developing and adopting a standard uniform treatment protocol throughout the country should be the need of the hour.
PubMed: 34446965
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_283_20 -
Journal of Biomedical Research Jan 2010A 41-year-old woman presented with a pruritic rash on the face that was of 3 months duration. During that time, it had been successively misdiagnosed as psoriasis...
A 41-year-old woman presented with a pruritic rash on the face that was of 3 months duration. During that time, it had been successively misdiagnosed as psoriasis vulgaris, systemic lupus erythematosus, facial dermatitis at other hospitals, and had been treated with agents that included acitretin and prednisone. Finally, fungi were found in the lesions by optical microscopy, and the fungal culture was positive for Microsporum gypseum, and was diagnosed as a Microsporum gypseum infection. The lesions eventually cleared completely after 8 weeks of antifungal treatment.
PubMed: 23554617
DOI: 10.1016/S1674-8301(10)60014-0 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Nov 2021Superficial fungal infections are prevalent worldwide, with dermatophytes as the most common cause. Various antifungal agents including azoles and allylamines are...
Superficial fungal infections are prevalent worldwide, with dermatophytes as the most common cause. Various antifungal agents including azoles and allylamines are commonly used to treat dermatophytosis. However, their overuse has yielded drug-resistant strains, calling for the development of novel antimycotic compounds. Olorofim is a newly developed antifungal compound that targets pyrimidine biosynthesis in molds. The purpose of this study was to determine the and antifungal effects of olorofim against common dermatophytes. The activity of olorofim against dermatophytes was assessed by microtiter broth dilution method. Bioinformatic analysis of olorofim binding to dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) of dermatophytes was also performed, using Aspergillus fumigatus DHODH as a template. The efficacy of the drug was investigated, using a guinea pig model, experimentally infected with Microtiter assays confirmed the high sensitivity of dermatophytes to olorofim (MIC = 0.015-0.06 mg/liter). Amino acid sequence analysis indicated that DHODH is highly conserved among dermatophytes. The critical residues, in dermatophytes, involved in olorofim binding were similar to their counterparts in A. fumigatus DHODH, which explains their susceptibility to olorofim. Typical skin lesions of dermatophyte infection were observed in the guinea pig model at 7 days postinoculation. Following 1 week of daily topical administration of olorofim, similar to the clotrimazole group, the skin lesions were resolved and normal hair growth patterns appeared. In light of the and activity of olorofim against dermatophytes, this novel agent may be considered as a treatment of choice against dermatophytosis.
Topics: Acetamides; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Arthrodermataceae; Guinea Pigs; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Piperazines; Pyrimidines; Pyrroles
PubMed: 34570652
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01386-21 -
Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi = Japanese... 2009We report a case of kerion celsi caused by Microsporum gypseum and present some epidemiological statistics and a distribution of the mating types of M. gypseum . A...
We report a case of kerion celsi caused by Microsporum gypseum and present some epidemiological statistics and a distribution of the mating types of M. gypseum . A 10-year-old healthy boy living in Narita, Chiba Prefecture, visited the Narita Red Cross Hospital in October 2004 with complaints of a scaly erythematous plaque and alopecia. Before the visit, he had been treated with steroid lotions and antibiotics without success. A direct examination of the diseased hair shaft using a potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution revealed the presence of fungal hyphae outside the hair shafts. The patient showed a positive reaction to the trichophytin test. The fungus isolated from the lesion was identified as M. gypseum on the basis of its morphological and physiological characteristics and the results of molecular biological analysis. The sequence of the gene coding for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 region of ribosomal RNA (ITS 1 rDNA) was homologous to that of Arthroderma gypseum (DDBJ accession no. AB193684). The isolate was confirmed to be A. gypseum (-) mating type on the basis of crossing experiments with (+) and (-) mating types of A. gypseum, A. incurvatum , and A. fluvum . The patient was successfully treated with 50 mg/day (1.6 mg/kg/day) of itraconazole for 4.5 months.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Child; Humans; Itraconazole; Male; Microsporum; RNA, Fungal; RNA, Ribosomal; Tinea Capitis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 19654448
DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.50.155 -
Cureus Jan 2022Fungal infections may occur within tattoos. These include not only dermatophyte infections (tattoo-associated tinea) but also systemic mycoses (tattoo-associated...
Fungal infections may occur within tattoos. These include not only dermatophyte infections (tattoo-associated tinea) but also systemic mycoses (tattoo-associated systemic fungal infections). The PubMed search engine, accessing the MEDLINE database, was used to search for all papers with the terms: (1) tinea and tattoo, and (2) systemic fungal infection and tattoo. Tattoo-associated tinea corporis has been observed in 12 individuals with 13 tattoos; this includes the 18-year-old man who developed a dermatophyte infection, restricted to the black ink, less than one-month after tattoo inoculation on his left arm described in this report. Tattoo-associated tinea typically occurred on an extremity in the black ink. The diagnosis was established either by skin biopsy, fungal culture, and/or potassium hydroxide preparation. The cultured dermatophytes included , , , , and . Several sources for the tinea were documented: autoinfection (two patients), anthrophilic (tinea capitis from the patient's son), and zoophilic (either the patient's cat or dog). Three patients presented with tinea incognito resulting from prior corticosteroid treatment. Tinea appeared either early (within one month or less after inoculation during tattoo healing) in six patients or later (more than two months post-inoculation in a healed tattoo) in six patients. Injury to the skin from the tattoo needle, or use of non-sterile instruments, or contaminated ink, and/or contact with a human or animal dermatophyte source are possible causes of early tinea infection. Tattoo ink-related phenomenon (presence of nanoparticles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and cytokine-enhancement) and/or the creation of an immunocompromised cutaneous district are potential causes of late tinea infection. Treatment with topical and/or oral antifungal agents provided complete resolution of the dermatophyte for all the patients with tattoo-associated tinea. Tattoo-associated systemic fungal infection has been reported in six patients: five men and one patient whose age, sex, immune status, and some tattoo features (duration, color, and treatment) were not reported. The onset of infection after tattoo inoculation was either within less than one month (two men), three months (two men), or 69 months (one man). The tattoo was dark (either black or blue) and often presented as papules (three men) or nodules (two men) that were either individual or multiple and intact or ulcerated. The lesion was asymptomatic (one man), non-tender (one man), or painful (one man). The systemic fungal organisms included species, , , , and . Contaminated tattoo ink was a confirmed cause of the systemic fungal infection in one patient; other postulated sources included non-professional tattoo inoculation, infected tattooing tool and/or ink in an immunosuppression host, and contaminated ritual tattooing instruments and dye. Complete resolution of the tattoo-associated systemic fungal infection occurred following systemic antifungal drug therapy. In conclusion, several researchers favor that tattoo inoculation can be implicated as a causative factor in the development of tattoo-associated tinea; however, in some of the men, tattoo-associated systemic fungal infection may have merely been coincidental.
PubMed: 35174019
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21210 -
Revista Argentina de Microbiologia 2021A descriptive observational and cross-sectional study was carried out. The clinical characteristics, etiologic agents, treatments and outcome of 33 cases of tinea...
A descriptive observational and cross-sectional study was carried out. The clinical characteristics, etiologic agents, treatments and outcome of 33 cases of tinea capitis in the Mycology Unit at Francisco J. Muñiz Hospital of Buenos Aires City between January 2015 and December 2019 were analyzed. The median age of the patients was 7 years, 21 of whom were male, 3 were HIV-positive and 22 had pets. The isolated etiologic agents were the following: Microsporum canis in 22 cases, Trichophyton tonsurans in 8, Nannizzia gypsea in 2 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in one patient. Suppurative tinea capitis (krion Celsi) was detected in 10 cases and the same number of patients presented other skin locations of their dermatophytosis in addition to those in the scalp. Twenty-one cases were orally treated with griseofulvin and 12 with terbinafine. Those patients with suppurative tinea capitis received drops of betamethasone by mouth besides the antifungal drugs. All patients had good clinical and mycological response to the treatments, all lesions disappeared, and mycological studies turned negative by the end of the treatments. We conclude that both drugs were effective for the treatment of tinea capitis; however, lesions in those cases receiving terbinafine involuted more slowly.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Griseofulvin; Humans; Male; Naphthalenes; Terbinafine; Tinea Capitis; Trichophyton
PubMed: 33618899
DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2021.01.004 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... Jul 2012A survey of Microsporum gypseum was conducted in soil samples in different geographical regions of Brazil. The isolation of dermatophyte from soil samples was performed...
Isolation of Microsporum gypseum in soil samples from different geographical regions of brazil, evaluation of the extracellular proteolytic enzymes activities (keratinase and elastase) and molecular sequencing of selected strains.
A survey of Microsporum gypseum was conducted in soil samples in different geographical regions of Brazil. The isolation of dermatophyte from soil samples was performed by hair baiting technique and the species were identified by morphology studies. We analyzed 692 soil samples and the recuperating rate was 19.2%. The activities of keratinase and elastase were quantitatively performed in 138 samples. The sequencing of the ITS region of rDNA was performed in representatives samples. M. gypseum isolates showed significant quantitative differences in the expression of both keratinase and elastase, but no significant correlation was observed between these enzymes. The sequencing of the representative samples revealed the presence of two teleomorphic species of M. gypseum (Arthroderma gypseum and A. incurvatum). The enzymatic activities may play an important role in the pathogenicity and a probable adaptation of this fungus to the animal parasitism. Using the phenotypical and molecular analysis, the Microsporum identification and their teleomorphic states will provide a useful and reliable identification system.
PubMed: 24031904
DOI: 10.1590/S1517-83822012000300007 -
Annals of Dermatology Aug 2018has been isolated from South Korea since 1966. However, the incidence of infection is very low.
BACKGROUND
has been isolated from South Korea since 1966. However, the incidence of infection is very low.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to add massive data on to the literature and to provide useful information on clinical and mycological characteristics of .
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed data of 198 cases infected with from 1979 to 2016. The identification of was done with mycological examination using 15% KOH preparation and potato corn meal tween 80 agar culture media.
RESULTS
The incidence of infection was very low in South Korea, showing a tendency to decrease. Out of 198 cases, men were 94 cases (47.5%) and women were 104 cases (52.5%). Mean age of all patients was 29.83 years old: 24.97 years old in men and 34.22 years old in women. infection occurred most frequently in September (16.7%) and August (16.2%). The most common clinical type of infection was tinea corporis (38.4%).
CONCLUSION
infection shows very low incidence but still remains around us until recent years. We should keep in mind the characteristics of .
PubMed: 30065582
DOI: 10.5021/ad.2018.30.4.427