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Laboratory Medicine Oct 2019
PubMed: 31292630
DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmz033 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021(formerly ) belongs to geophilic dermatophytes, fungi involved in keratin degradation in the soil; however, they are also found in dogs and cats. Transmission to humans...
(formerly ) belongs to geophilic dermatophytes, fungi involved in keratin degradation in the soil; however, they are also found in dogs and cats. Transmission to humans can occur directly by contact with soil, but indirect transmission domestic animals is reported too. The exact source of the infection is usually difficult to assess and in most cases only hypothesised and rarely investigated. This case report describes a kerion caused by in a 2-year-old boy, where the contagion was probably secondary to domestic healthy carrier dogs. A "One-Health" approach involving human dermatologists and veterinarians, combined with the use of conventional and molecular-based techniques, allowed tracing of the epidemiological chain and managing of not only the treatment but also the prevention of a recurrence. The child's lesion began to regress after about 8 weeks of treatment with both systemic and topical therapy, while the dogs were given chlorhexidine and miconazole baths. No recurrences nor new infections occurred, demonstrating the effectiveness of the strategies used.
PubMed: 34504889
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.718766 -
Medical Mycology Journal 2014We report two cases of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum (M.) gypseum. One case was a 59-year-old healthy woman who complained of itchy annular erythema on her right...
We report two cases of dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum (M.) gypseum. One case was a 59-year-old healthy woman who complained of itchy annular erythema on her right forearm. We isolated M. gypseum from scales on the forearm. The other case was a 73-year-old midwife who had developed infiltrated erythema on her face for 6 months. M. gypseum was isolated from scales of the nose. Both women liked gardening and M. gypseum was isolated from the garden soil of these women by a hair-baiting technique. The first case had a cat, a mouse and an owl, and the second had a dog. Hairbrush culture of these pets, however, was negative. So we concluded both cases were infected with M. gypseum from garden soil. We isolated M. gypseum from soil collected in Chigasaki city. Of the 7 fungal cultures from 10 samples, 2 cultures were identified as M. gypseum.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Japan; Microsporum; Middle Aged; Mycology; Skin; Soil Microbiology; Tinea
PubMed: 24943212
DOI: 10.3314/mmj.55.j79 -
Medical Mycology Journal 2017Morphology and molecular characteristics of Microsporum gypseum clinical isolates obtained from the fur of a normal rabbit (n=1) and the soil from 10 different rabbit...
Morphology and molecular characteristics of Microsporum gypseum clinical isolates obtained from the fur of a normal rabbit (n=1) and the soil from 10 different rabbit hutches in six elementary schools (n=10) were examined. Isolates were also identified by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. All 11 isolates demonstrated homology with the Arthroderma fulvum ITS sequence. Furthermore, PCR analysis for the presence of mating type genes detected positivity for MAT1-1 (n=10) and MAT1-2 (n=1). However, no mating reaction was detected between A. fulvum reference strains and the clinical isolates.
Topics: Animals; Arthrodermataceae; DNA, Fungal; Genes, Fungal; Japan; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rabbits
PubMed: 28855478
DOI: 10.3314/mmj.17-00004 -
Journal of Advanced Research Nov 2018The incidence of fungal infections is considered a serious public health problem worldwide. The limited number of antimycotic drugs available to treat human and animal...
The incidence of fungal infections is considered a serious public health problem worldwide. The limited number of antimycotic drugs available to treat human and animal mycosis, the undesirable side effects and toxicities of the currently available drugs, and the emergence of fungal resistance emphasizes the urgent need for more effective antimycotic medicines. In this paper, we describe a rapid, simple, and efficient synthetic route for preparation of the antifungal agent butenafine on a multigram scale. This novel synthetic route also facilitated the preparation of 17 butenafine analogues using Schiff bases as precursors in three steps or less. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated against the yeast, / species complexes and the filamentous fungi and . Amine , a demethylated analogue of butenafine, and its corresponding hydrochloride salt showed low toxicity and while maintaining inhibitory activity against filamentous fungi.
PubMed: 30009053
DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.06.004 -
Journal of Bacteriology Oct 1971Germination of Microsporum gypseum macroconidia was accompanied by the release of alkaline protease, calcium ions, and inorganic phosphate into the germination fluid....
Germination of Microsporum gypseum macroconidia was accompanied by the release of alkaline protease, calcium ions, and inorganic phosphate into the germination fluid. The rate of germination was greatest during the first 2 hr, decreasing thereafter. This decrease in rate was accompanied by a decrease in protease activity, which was caused by an interaction of the enzyme with the inorganic phosphate released from the spores and accumulated in the germination medium after 2 hr. Germination of high spore densities was regulated by the ratio of released phosphate to protease protein, resulting in a constant percentage of germination at both high and low spore densities. A germination-defective mutant strain failed to germinate normally and released excessively high concentrations of phosphate into the germination medium during the initial 2 hr of incubation. Addition of calcium ions to germination mutant macroconidia stabilized spore morphology, prevented protease inactivation, and allowed normal germ-tube outgrowth. The germination of macroconidia appears to be regulated by the release of phosphate ions, which then inhibit the alkaline protease.
Topics: Calcium; Culture Media; Densitometry; Electrophoresis, Disc; Genetics, Microbial; Microsporum; Molecular Weight; Mutation; Peptide Hydrolases; Phosphates; Protease Inhibitors; Spectrophotometry; Spores; Spores, Fungal; Time Factors
PubMed: 5122806
DOI: 10.1128/jb.108.1.276-281.1971 -
Marine Drugs Jul 2012Seven new formamido-diterpenes, cavernenes A-D (1-4), kalihinenes E and F (5-6), and kalihipyran C (7), together with five known compounds (8-12), were isolated from the...
Seven new formamido-diterpenes, cavernenes A-D (1-4), kalihinenes E and F (5-6), and kalihipyran C (7), together with five known compounds (8-12), were isolated from the South China Sea sponge Acanthella cavernosa. Structures were established using IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and single X-ray diffraction techniques. The isolated compounds were assessed for their cytotoxicity against a small panel of human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, A549, HeLa, QGY-7701, and MDA-MB-231) with IC(50) values in the range of 6-18 μM. In addition, compound 9 showed weak antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum gypseum with MIC values of 8 and 32 μg/mL, respectively, compound 10 displayed weak antifungal activity against fungi Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, T. rubrum, and M. gypseum with MIC values of 8, 8, 4, and 8 μg/mL, respectively.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Diterpenes; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Porifera
PubMed: 22851918
DOI: 10.3390/md10071445 -
Cureus Jan 2022Fungal infections may occur within tattoos. These include not only dermatophyte infections (tattoo-associated tinea) but also systemic mycoses (tattoo-associated...
Fungal infections may occur within tattoos. These include not only dermatophyte infections (tattoo-associated tinea) but also systemic mycoses (tattoo-associated systemic fungal infections). The PubMed search engine, accessing the MEDLINE database, was used to search for all papers with the terms: (1) tinea and tattoo, and (2) systemic fungal infection and tattoo. Tattoo-associated tinea corporis has been observed in 12 individuals with 13 tattoos; this includes the 18-year-old man who developed a dermatophyte infection, restricted to the black ink, less than one-month after tattoo inoculation on his left arm described in this report. Tattoo-associated tinea typically occurred on an extremity in the black ink. The diagnosis was established either by skin biopsy, fungal culture, and/or potassium hydroxide preparation. The cultured dermatophytes included , , , , and . Several sources for the tinea were documented: autoinfection (two patients), anthrophilic (tinea capitis from the patient's son), and zoophilic (either the patient's cat or dog). Three patients presented with tinea incognito resulting from prior corticosteroid treatment. Tinea appeared either early (within one month or less after inoculation during tattoo healing) in six patients or later (more than two months post-inoculation in a healed tattoo) in six patients. Injury to the skin from the tattoo needle, or use of non-sterile instruments, or contaminated ink, and/or contact with a human or animal dermatophyte source are possible causes of early tinea infection. Tattoo ink-related phenomenon (presence of nanoparticles, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and cytokine-enhancement) and/or the creation of an immunocompromised cutaneous district are potential causes of late tinea infection. Treatment with topical and/or oral antifungal agents provided complete resolution of the dermatophyte for all the patients with tattoo-associated tinea. Tattoo-associated systemic fungal infection has been reported in six patients: five men and one patient whose age, sex, immune status, and some tattoo features (duration, color, and treatment) were not reported. The onset of infection after tattoo inoculation was either within less than one month (two men), three months (two men), or 69 months (one man). The tattoo was dark (either black or blue) and often presented as papules (three men) or nodules (two men) that were either individual or multiple and intact or ulcerated. The lesion was asymptomatic (one man), non-tender (one man), or painful (one man). The systemic fungal organisms included species, , , , and . Contaminated tattoo ink was a confirmed cause of the systemic fungal infection in one patient; other postulated sources included non-professional tattoo inoculation, infected tattooing tool and/or ink in an immunosuppression host, and contaminated ritual tattooing instruments and dye. Complete resolution of the tattoo-associated systemic fungal infection occurred following systemic antifungal drug therapy. In conclusion, several researchers favor that tattoo inoculation can be implicated as a causative factor in the development of tattoo-associated tinea; however, in some of the men, tattoo-associated systemic fungal infection may have merely been coincidental.
PubMed: 35174019
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21210 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Most inflammatory dermatophytoses in humans are caused by zoophilic and geophilic dermatophytes. Knowledge of the epidemiology of these fungi in animals facilitates the...
Most inflammatory dermatophytoses in humans are caused by zoophilic and geophilic dermatophytes. Knowledge of the epidemiology of these fungi in animals facilitates the prevention of dermatophytosis of animal origin in humans. We studied the prevalence of dermatophyte species in domestic animals in Switzerland and examined the effectiveness of direct mycological examination (DME) for their detection compared to mycological cultures. In total, 3515 hair and skin samples, collected between 2008 and 2022 by practicing veterinarians, were subjected to direct fluorescence microscopy and fungal culture. Overall, 611 dermatophytes were isolated, of which 547 (89.5%) were from DME-positive samples. Cats and dogs were the main reservoirs of and , whereas was predominantly found in guinea pigs. Cultures with significantly ( < 0.001) outnumbered those with in DME-negative samples (19.3% versus 6.8%), possibly because can be asymptomatic in cats and dogs, unlike , which is always infectious. Our data confirm DME as a reliable, quick, and easy method to identify the presence of dermatophytes in animals. A positive DME in an animal hair or skin sample should alert people in contact with the animal to the risk of contracting dermatophytosis.
PubMed: 36836366
DOI: 10.3390/jof9020253 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2017Nitrogenated heterocyclic compounds are present in both natural and synthetic drugs, and hexahydropyrimidine derivatives may prove to be efficient in treating...
Nitrogenated heterocyclic compounds are present in both natural and synthetic drugs, and hexahydropyrimidine derivatives may prove to be efficient in treating dermatomycosis causing fungi. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of four hexahydropyrimidine derivatives against the dermatomycosis causing fungi. These derivatives were synthesized, characterized, and assessed in terms of their activity against , , , , , and between concentrations 7.8 and 1,000 g mL. Scanning electron micrographs were assessed for the active derivatives and reference drugs, and these micrographs revealed that new agents cause morphological changes in fungi. The derivatives HHP1, HHP3, and HHP4 revealed poor activity against the four fungal strains (MICs range 500-1000 g mL). Compound HHP3 was found to be the best potential antifungal agent among those tested and was the most effective among all the active derivatives that caused morphological changes in the susceptible strains.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Dermatomycoses; Fungi; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Pyrimidines
PubMed: 29226215
DOI: 10.1155/2017/1207061